Why did Qin Xiaogong appoint Shang Yang to change the law

The productive forces determine the relations of production. When the economy grows to a certain extent, there must be a new system to replace the old one. At that time, the state of Qin was very strong, the new landlord class began to grow, while the old slave owners began to decline, the landlord class changed its demands to develop its own interests, and the feudal system began to appear at the beginning of the reform, which ensured the development of the productive forces, and the landlord class became the dominant force and ruling class in history from then on.

Of course, there are also cultural and ideological reasons. For example, Confucianism and Legalism have created conditions for the reform of the law to a certain extent, and in particular, Legalism has ensured the implementation of the reform. From the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Confucianism maintained and developed feudal society.

I think there are a couple of points:

1. The improvement of the level of productive forces during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period promoted the rapid development of the economy. The transformation of the relations of production makes it difficult for the backward social system to adapt to it, and at the same time inhibits the previous development of society.

In order to meet the needs of hegemony and annexation, various countries have carried out reforms and changes in laws and adopted measures to develop their own economies.

2. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the wars between the princes for hegemony objectively also promoted social progress. In order to remain invincible in the war for hegemony, they have reformed and changed their laws and strengthened their strength.

Three: Shang Ying's proposal for changing the law is more comprehensive (political, ideological, and economic). Advanced thinking has laid an ideological foundation for the establishment of an advanced system. The economy determines the superstructure.

Fourth, during the Warring States Period, the ranks of the emerging landlord class grew day by day, which was the class basis for the reform. Politically, the new landlord class demanded the abolition of the privileges of the slave owners and aristocrats and the establishment of the political power of the new landlord class; Economically, it is necessary to further develop the feudal economy and establish a feudal land ownership system.

Fifth, with the emergence of new forms of exploitation and class relations, class contradictions have become increasingly intensified, and the reform of the rulers is also aimed at satisfying their needs for consolidating their rule.

Six: Qin Xiaogong's personal eloquence.

Because the Shang Dynasty changed the law to make the Qin State strong.

Because history is called the Shang Dynasty Reform!

So use him to change the law.

Intelligence quotient. The product of the need for governance within a certain period of time.

If you are the emperor.

You can change whatever you want.

Because at that time, Qin Meng, Lu Ji, and filial piety had already passed away.

In 338 BC, after the death of Qin Xiaogong, Shang Ying was falsely accused of rebellion by Gongzi and died in Tongdi (southwest of Huazhou District, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province). The body was transported to Xianyang and the whole family was killed.

Shang Ying's reform: During the Warring States Period, after Qin Xiaogong of Qin State ascended the throne, he was determined to strengthen the reform, so he ordered to recruit talents.

Shang Ying entered Qin from Wei and put forward a set of development strategies such as abandoning well fields, emphasizing agriculture and mulberry, awarding military merits, implementing unified measurements, and establishing a county system, which won the trust of Qin Xiaogong.

In 356 B.C. and 350 B.C., he successively implemented two changes with the main content of "abandoning well fields, opening up Qianmo, implementing the county system, rewarding cultivation and weaving and fighting, and implementing the law of continuous sitting".

After the Shang Dynasty reform, Qin's economy developed, the combat effectiveness of the army was continuously strengthened, and it developed into the richest and most powerful centralized state in the late Warring States period.

Why didn't Qin Xiaogong protect the Shangying in the end? In fact, it is also to maintain the rule of this country, and it uses the drama of Shang Ying. Death eased the conflict with the old noble and surplus type of rent.

Because Qin Xiaogong also wanted to change the status quo at that time, Shang Ying received Qin Xiaogong's support, and the most important thing was that the country's economy was also very bad at that time, so it was most appropriate to change the law at this time.

Because Qin Xiaogong realized that the imperial court at that time had reached a bottleneck period and needed a force to break and reform, it happened that the Shang Dynasty Reform Law met this condition.

Because of the weak diplomatic difficulties in Qin at that time, if the whole country did not reform and change the law, it would be annexed by other countries, so under this condition, the Qin State adopted the Shang Dynasty reform method to make itself slowly stronger.

Because of the situation at that time, I had to change the law as the first of the country, and Qin Xiaogong's own political ideals and Shang Ying's personal ability were very good at that time

The content of the martingale transformation method:

The Shang Dynasty Reform refers to the two political reforms carried out by Shang Ying, a famous Legalist figure, in the Qin State during the Warring States Period (475 BC and 221 BC). After Qin Xiaogong of Qin State ascended the throne, he was determined to strengthen the reform, so he ordered the recruitment of talents. Shang Ying entered Qin from the Wei State, and put forward a set of development strategies such as abandoning well fields, emphasizing agriculture and mulberry, awarding military merits, implementing unified measurements, and establishing a county system.

This reform was the most thorough reform of various countries in China during the Warring States Period, and after the Shang Dynasty reform, Qin's economy developed, and the combat effectiveness of the army was continuously strengthened, developing into the richest and most powerful feudal state in the late Warring States period. Later, due to the self-suicide of Shang Ying, he was divided by five horses, but King Qin Hui and his descendants continued to implement his new law, laying the foundation for Qin's later annihilation of the Six Kingdoms and the unification of China.

The reason for the success of the Shang Martingale Reform.

The main thing is that any profound and thorough change begins in a poor and weak country.

1. The Shang Dynasty Reform conformed to the trend of historical development. The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was a period of great change in the collapse of slavery and the establishment of feudalism.

Which dynasty is the Shang Dynasty reforming.

The Shang Dynasty Reform took place during the Warring States Period. After Qin Xiaogong of the Qin State ascended the throne during the Warring States Period, he was determined to strengthen the reform, so he ordered the recruitment of talents. Shang Ying entered Qin from the Wei State, and put forward a set of development strategies such as abandoning well fields, emphasizing agriculture and mulberry, awarding military merits, implementing unified measurements, and establishing a county system, and a total of two changes.

1 The first reform (356 B.C.).

1) Promulgating and implementing the "Book of Laws" by Li Kui of the Wei State, adding the law of joint sitting, and using heavy penalties for minor crimes;

2) Abolish the old Shiqing Shilu system, reward military merits, prohibit private fighting, and promulgate the system of 20 knighthoods rewarded according to military merits;

3) Emphasizing agriculture and suppressing business, rewarding cultivation and weaving, and especially rewarding land reclamation; It stipulates that those who produce a lot of grain and cloth can be exempted from labor and taxes, and regard agriculture as their "main business" and commerce as their "last business", and the scope of business of merchants is restricted, and the commercial tax is relevant.

4) Destroy the Confucian classics and prohibit the people of the eunuchs.

5) Enforce the system of individual small families. The expansion of state taxation and military conscription** laid a solid foundation for the growth of Qin's economic and military strength.

2 The Second Transformation (350 B.C.).

1) Abolish the well-field system of the aristocracy, "open up the frontier and seal the territory", abolish the slave system of state ownership of land, implement private ownership of land, and the state recognizes private ownership of land and allows free buying and selling.

2) Universally implement the county system and set up county-level bureaucracy; "Gather small capitals and townships into counties", take counties as local administrative units, abolish the sub-feudal system, "all thirty-one counties", the county has a county order to preside over the county government, a county to assist the county order, and a county lieutenant to take charge of the military. The county has jurisdiction over a number of capitals, townships, towns and gatherings.

3) Move to Xianyang and build a palace;

4) Unified system of weights and measures, promulgation of standards for weights and measures;

5) Compile household registration, five households are in the army, and ten households are in charge, stipulating that residents must register their household registrations, and begin to collect military taxes according to the population of each household;

6) Eliminate the remaining Rongdi customs, prohibit fathers, sons, and brothers from living in the same room, and implement the policy of small families. It stipulates that where there are two or more sons in a household who have reached the age of establishing a household and do not live separately, the household registration tax shall be doubled. This is a supplement to the "Heterogeneous Family" decree in the first reform, and it is also a norm for social customs.

The Shang Dynasty changed the law during the Qin Xiaogong period, and the background of the era was that the princes of the Warring States were vying for power, and various countries changed their laws to become stronger. Qin Mugong was a generation of overlords in the Spring and Autumn Period.

The Shang Dynasty Reform was a change during the Qin Xiaogong period.

Qin Xiaogong and Shang Ying had a total of three conversations at that timeThese three conversations are first from the emperor's rule of the country, then to the king's rule, and finally the hegemony of the country, and the last hegemony of the country successfully attracted the defeat to Qin Xiaogong, and also began the Shang Martingale Reform.

The first conversation they had at that time actually made Qin Xiaogong very impatient. Because this time Shang Ying is talking about the emperor's ruleAlthough this emperor has always been a way that has been very admired by the kings of the past dynasties, it is also a dry and fundamental way of governing the country. However, this method also has a very obvious problem, that is, it is necessary to influence the people through the king's personal benevolence and morality, and it takes a long time, and Qin Xiaogong also rejected this method.

In the second time, Shang Ying also took the initiative to talk to Qin Xiaogong. And this time it's about this royal way of governing the countryThe method is to use the method of governing the country by the Zhou royal family at that time. The Zhou Dynasty also often used this method to govern the country, especially in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the use of this method also continued to rule for a very long time.

At the same time, the ancestors of Qin Xiaogong also adopted this royal way to govern the country. Although this method made Qin Xiaogong feel a little interesting, it was not the method he needed.

In the end, it was the third time, and Shang Ying came up with the last domineering method of governing the country, this method also aroused Qin Xiaogong's great interest. This hegemonic governance means the use of harsh punishment and harsh laws, and what is emphasized is the reunification of the military state, so that the overall strength of the country can be forcibly improved. Just like in politics, it is possible to abolish or reward those who have military merit to join the eunuch class:

Financially, it is also possible to reward those who produce more.

Qin Xiaogong's attitude towards Shang Ying's reform was supportive.

I believe that people who know something about the history of the Qin State know about the "Shang Dynasty Reform", which can be said to have completely changed the historical trajectory of the Qin State. It was precisely because Shang Ying's reform achieved unprecedented success in the Qin State that it laid a solid foundation for the later Qin Shi Huang to dominate the world.

However, it cannot be ignored that Shang Ying, as a person from a pure split family from other countries, could not implement his own policy ideas in the Qin State without the meritocracy decree issued by Qin Xiaogong, the monarch of the Qin State at that time, and his strong support for Shang Ying.

Qin Xiaogong was an ambitious king who was determined to make Qin the most powerful state of its time above all other nations. To this end, he gave wide range of kindness and relief to the lonely and widowed elderly, and one of the most important measures was to issue an order to seek talents, recruit capable people from all over the world, and seek the way to enrich the country and strengthen the army.

In this case, a man named Shang Ying from the Wei Kingdom came to see Qin Xiaogong. However, Shang Ying did not immediately preach his way of governing the country, but planned to test whether Qin Xiaogong was worthy of his own assistance. So Shang Ying first talked about the art of the royal road, Qin Xiaogong didn't care about it, and then he talked about the art of domineering, but Qin Xiaogong still didn't react.

When Shang Ying talked about how to govern the country's policy, Qin Xiaogong finally raised his spirit, and he talked with Shang Ying for several days and nights.

After that, Qin Xiaogong reused Shang Yang and let him implement his own ideas and measures in the Qin State. Shang Ying also lived up to expectations, after several years of his governance, Qin's national strength has been significantly enhanced, whether it is political, economic or military has made a lot of achievements, Qin has also jumped up, becoming a powerful vassal state that all countries dare not underestimate.

Qin Xiaogong, as the monarch, played a role in the application of Shang Ying's reform measures. It can be said that a series of reforms and innovations of Shang Ying's reform are all Shang Ying's one-handed design schemes. Qin Xiaogong did not participate in the entire legal management system structure, to the provisions of the implementation plan, and the relationship between the various parts of the law, and could not participate.

The comprehensiveness of the Qin method is integrated, which can only be carried out by a careful designer alone, and others cannot help with it. Therefore, the developer of the Qin method was Shang Marting, so later generations called it "Shang Martingale Transformation Method".

It stands to reason that Shang Ying only clearly proposed the method, and Qin Xiaogong allowed the implementation, so it should not be called Shang Ying's change of law. But it's called, why? Because the ancient history of Qin Xiaogong is not famous.

Does Qin Xiaogong have the ability to work? I don't know. What did Qin Xiaogong do?

I don't know. What is the position of the Qin State in the Six Kingdoms in the stage of Qin Xiaogong? A little bit of elevation.

Generally speaking, this radical reform and innovation has nothing to do with Qin Xiaogong, and the emperor who only needs a little intelligence will accept Shang Ying's plan. Naturally, there is also a reason that his later generation Qin Shi Huang contributed a lot, generally a dynasty has only one emperor can mean this dynasty, and other emperors are more well-known.

The Warring States period was a period of great transformation in which the slave society collapsed and feudalism was established, and the application of iron production tools and the gradual promotion of ox ploughing during this period resulted in the state ownership of land by slave owners, which was gradually replaced by private ownership of land in feudal society. With the increase in the economic power of the new bourgeoisie, the provision of corresponding civil rights was obtained. Therefore, it successively stipulated that the political concept should be reformed and innovated, the trend of the development of the feudal economy would be developed, and the bourgeoisie would be created.

Countries around the world have successively launched reform movements, such as Li Kui's reform of the law in Wei and Wu in Chu. The Shang Martingale Transformation Law happened to be produced under such circumstances. This kind of social transformation and reform movement shows the regularity that the factors of production must be integrated into the development trend of production efficiency, and that economic capacity determines the superstructure.

Qin Xiaogong, as the monarch, played a role in the application of Shang Ying's reform measures. It can be said that a series of reforms and innovations of Shang Ying's reform are all Shang Ying's one-handed design schemes. Qin Xiaogong did not participate in the entire legal management system structure, to the provisions of the implementation plan, and the relationship between the various parts of the law, and could not participate.

The comprehensiveness of the Qin method is integrated, which can only be carried out by a careful designer alone, and others cannot help with it. Therefore, the developer of the Qin method was Shang Marting, so later generations called it "Shang Martingale Transformation Method".