What kind of organization was the Jinyiwei in the Ming Dynasty in history?

A secret organization that is only subordinate to the emperor. Jinyiwei is the Ming Dynasty's exclusive military and political intelligence collection agency, Jinyiwei's main function is to drive the guards, patrol and arrest, its leader is called the Jinyiwei commander, generally by the emperor's cronies and generals, directly responsible to the emperor. Anyone, including relatives of the Imperial Family, can be arrested and interrogated in camera. ‍‍

The Jinyi guards are one in a hundred, each with unique skills, most of them are loyal and brave people, often performing tasks alone, in the middle and late stages, they also participate in the security of the palace and protect the safety of the emperor's relatives. The Jinyiwei of the Ming Dynasty was a monitoring organization. ‍‍

Jinyiwei was the equivalent of Hitler's SS, in charge of reconnaissance, protection of the capital, and spying. The area of activity of the Jinyi Guard is all over the country, and if the emperor personally conquests or when necessary, he also needs to accompany him to the battlefield. Let's put it this way, Jinyiwei is the Imperial City Guard, the Praetorian Guard, and the intelligence agency and the secret interrogation agency.

Jinyiwei is the emperor's pro-army. The highest commander of Jinyiwei said that "the commander of Jinyiwei, there are thousands of Jinyiwei households below, Jinyiwei hundred households, etc., the highest commander of Jinyiwei is the commander of Jinyiwei, which is generally served by the emperor's trusted general or the emperor's meritorious service." ‍‍

A secret service directly under the command of the emperor. It is mainly to inquire about the emperor and do things under the emperor's orders, which is equivalent to the East Factory at that time. ‍‍

As the emperor's personal guard, Jinyiwei was trusted by the emperor and had many privileges. Its leader is called the Jinyi Guard, and is generally served by the emperor's close military generals, who are directly responsible to the emperor.

Zhu Yuanzhang was not at ease with the officials and the people, and specially set up a brocade guard to investigate the words and deeds of the officials and the people. Jinyiwei and Dongchang are collectively called "factory guard".

The Jinyiwei of the Ming Dynasty was a spy agency, and the main responsibilities of the Jinyiwei were: first, to monitor the hundred officials, especially the hundred officials in the capital; second, to arrest prisoners, prisoners with serious crimes need to be arrested by Jinyi guards; Third, protect the emperor, when the emperor goes out, in addition to the Ouchi guards, there are also brocade guards to protect.

It is an institution that belongs only to the emperor to manage. The main thing is to check some things for the emperor and serve the emperor specifically.

In the Ming Dynasty, the official positions of Jinyi Wei were, commanding the envoy, commanding the same knowledge, commanding the servant, calming the envoy, a thousand households, a deputy thousand households, a hundred households, a hundred households, a general flag, and a small flag.

There are official positions such as commander, co-advisor, and pacification. The commander is the highest military commander of the guard under the guard system; And Tongzhi is the deputy of the commander; Zhenfu is the person in charge of each health and towning department.

The Ming Dynasty Jinyiwei had a lot of power, and what background was Jinyiwei born? Born in the context of the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yuanzhang established the school inspector organization in the Yuan Dynasty, which was the predecessor of Fei Wei, and this organization was specifically authorized to investigate and report all misconduct and folk rumors in Beijing.

In 1368, when the Ming Dynasty was founded, Zhu Yuanzhang established the Gong Guard Department, which served as the inspection and inspection office of one of the palace guards, arches and guard departments.

After <>, through the Arch Guard Administration, through the air force organ, the local guard regiment, the guard regiment, the bell department, in the spring of 1382, Zhu Yuanzhang was cleared from the bell tower outpost, changed to the brocade guard. As the emperor of the early Ming Dynasty, the pursuit of protecting the imperial power made the "watching" function of the guards expand indefinitely, while the traditional judicial organs, such as the Ministry of Justice, Dalian Temple, prisons, etc., were not very convenient, the emperor gave the Jin Wei more functions and powers, he could build his prison, arrest, interrogation and sentence without going through the normal judicial process.

Another important function of Corifius is the "grip court", which not only causes physical damage to **, but also corrupts their souls. Fei Wei was a "spy organization" that did not exist in the Ming Dynasty or before the Ming Dynasty, and after the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Yongzheng and Emperor Qianlong both "stuck to themselves" the "Fervie" variant of the Republic period, and the "military commander" and "Zhonglun" that were not terribly creepy can be said to develop this espionage organization.

During the Ming Dynasty, the Jin and Wei dynasties had a higher status and did not belong to the Six Kingdoms, but directly obeyed the emperor himself. Ancient Chinese emperors wore dragon robes, the robes were pale yellow, but they wore brocade clothes, like the yellow robes of the Qing Dynasty, and their status was prominent. His commander-in-chief was dressed in a "Taiji Python", so the appearance was far from the costume of a dragon.

By the middle period, with the passage of time, not to mention balance and control, and later the history of defense played a role, but there was no power, especially with the expansion of the power of the cabinet, it was completely impossible to control oneself in a civic group, only Fervie, in order to spy on the movements of hundreds of **, whether there was corruption and mutiny.

Jinyiwei is actually roughly divided into the following responsibilities:

1. First of all, the emperor's guards and honor guards, which are composed of generals, captains and wrestlers. Every year, on the New Year's Day, the winter solstice, and the three major festivals of the Longevity Festival, the Jinyi guard and other pro-soldiers take on the duties of guards and honor guards.

2. "Patrol and arrest" is the special feature of Jinyiwei that distinguishes it from the Praetorian Guards of other dynasties, and the Jinyiwei organization that undertakes the investigation of criminal crimes is the South and North Town Fu Division, of which the North Town Fu Division was added in the fifteenth year of Hongwu and specializes in the emperor's case.

3. It can also supervise hundreds of officials. As the emperor's intelligence agency in the capital, Jinyiwei is directly under the control of the emperor, and can be said to be the emperor's eyes and ears. If there are any changes, Jin Yiwei will convey the situation to the emperor.

In the Ming Dynasty, the status of Jinyiwei was actually very high, and it was also a very important part of the history of the Ming Dynasty.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the number of Jinyi guards reached about 150,000, which can be said to be very large. With the changes of the times, the organization of Jinyiwei is becoming more and more sound, and the rights are getting bigger and bigger, correspondingly, as long as the control is not in place, there will be negligence in many places, and the same is true for Jinyiwei. Their style of doing things has become stronger, and they have tortured some criminals to extract confessions, and they have invented many cruel and bloody tortures, including many unjust cases.

Therefore, in order to curb the development of forces such as Jinyiwei, since the Ming Dynasty became the ancestor Zhu Di, the Ming Dynasty has set up the East Factory and the West Factory. As a result, these three organizations balance each other and constrain each other. In fact, in this way, it really makes Jinyiwei lawless, not as powerful as before, and even often suppressed.

As time passed, the level of sincerity of the Jinyiwei personnel towards the emperor was still affected, which led to the division of the Jinyiwei into two factions when the Ming Dynasty fell.

Some of the Jinyi guards chose to defect to Li Zicheng, and in the follow-up battles, they constantly changed their positions, which can be said to be surviving in the cracks, and they have long been ignored. And the remaining part still chose to be loyal to the emperor, and in the battle, continuous sacrifices, it can only be said that the result is relatively bleak. In fact, there are also a small number of Jinyiwei who survived in order to protect the descendants of the royal family, and in their hearts, they actually have the idea of recovering Jinyiwei, but all this is too difficult.

In the subsequent occupation of the Qing Dynasty, they gradually disappeared in the long river of history. Even so, everyone's impression of Jinyiwei is very deep, after all, they also have their own style, and they have also left a strong mark in history.

The function of the Jinyi Guard is: "Directly driving the guards, patrolling and arresting", the leader of the Jinyi Guard is called the commander, which is generally served by the emperor's cronies and generals, and is rarely served by the eunuchs. "Except for a few who committed suicide or were killed, most of the Jinyi guards survived, and the name of the organization was changed to Luan Yiwei.

The main function of Jinyiwei is to "drive the guards, patrol and arrest", and engage in reconnaissance, arrest, interrogation and other activities. After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, some of them fought desperately to protect the people and the emperor, and eventually blood was splashed all over the ground. Some of them surrendered and Li Zicheng did all kinds of evil in the city, and some of them ran to the south with the emperor's heirs and established the Southern Ming Dynasty.

Their duty is to protect the world, and most importantly, to protect the emperor, who may have become ordinary people or martyred.

Jinyiwei is an independent department of Jizhi, directly ordered by the emperor, it can be said to supervise the world, and the whole country is full of eyeliner to provide information for the emperor. They can arrest anyone other than the Emperor.

The Jinyi guards of the Ming Dynasty have a very close relationship with the Emperor Mu Hunger, they are the emperor's guards, responsible for protecting the safety of Emperor Qing Naijia, and also responsible for helping the emperor to investigate some ** situations, and giving some secret reports to the emperor. In case of an emergency, they can arrest someone first and then report it.

The rampant and domineering master is terrifying. Directly obey the emperor's orders, and can act in a secret manner.