Information on the creation and invention of ancient China!

The equatorial instrument of Luo Xiahong in the Han Dynasty Su Song - Chinese astronomer of the Song Dynasty. In cooperation with Han Gonglian, he made a planetarium and a water transport instrument elephant platform, which was the first planetarium in ancient China. Ma Jun, a native of Wei, invented the water keel car.

You can take a look at Joseph Needham's "History of Chinese Science and Technology", which is more concentrated.

Ancient Chinese inventions include marquee lanterns, ground motion instruments, movable type printing, papermaking, tofu, etc.

1. Marquee.

Around 1000 AD, the Chinese created the horse lantern, and ancient books have accounts of the horse lantern. The marquee has a flat impeller on it, a candle or lamp under it, and the hot gas rises to drive the impeller to rotate, which is the original application of the working principle of modern gas turbines.

2. Ground motion instrument.

The geodynamic instrument is a masterpiece created by the Chinese Eastern Han Dynasty scientist Zhang Heng and the Ant Sakura. Zhang Heng lived in the stuffy Eastern Han Dynasty, ** more frequent. Zhang Heng has a lot of personal experience in **, in order to grasp the national ** dynamics, he after years of research, and finally in the first year of Yangjia (AD 132) invented the wind geodynamic instrument, which is also the world's first geodynamic instrument.

3. Movable type printing.

Printing is one of the four great inventions of the working people in ancient China. Block printing was invented in the Tang Dynasty and was widely used in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty, Bi Sheng invented movable type printing.

Although movable type printing appeared in the Song Dynasty, it was not widely used, but still commonly used woodblock printing.

4. Papermaking.

In the first year of Yuanxing in the Eastern Han Dynasty (105), Cai Lun improved papermaking. He used bark, hemp and cloth, fishing nets and other raw materials, through frustration, pounding, frying, drying and other processes to make paper, is the origin of modern paper. This kind of paper, which is easy to find raw materials, is very cheap, and the quality has also improved, and it is gradually becoming more popular.

In order to commemorate Cai Lun's achievements, later generations called this kind of paper "Cai Hou paper".

5. Tofu. Tofu originated in the Western Han Dynasty of China, and according to legend, it was invented in 164 BC by Liu An, the grandson of Liu Bang, the grandson of Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, when he was alchemy, accidentally used gypsum to dot bean juice to invent tofu. Tofu was introduced to Korea during the Song Dynasty and to Osong Oak, Africa and North America in the early 19th century.

The world's first timekeeper was the Astronomical Clock made by the Su Song Dynasty of the Northern Song Dynasty in 1088 A.D. for the compilation of the emperor's calendar.

In addition to the four major inventions, there are quite a few:

Timers, bridge, saddles.

Li Shizhen edited the "Compendium of Materia Medica". Zu Chongzhi calculated pi to a decimal point. Seventh place. Hua Tuo makes hemp boiling powder. Sima Qian compiled historical records.

There is also the ground motion instrument invented by Zhang Heng.

Rudder, watertight cabin.

Artillery, guns, mines, mines.

Water transport instrument elephant platform (the earliest clock), Daming lantern leak (automatic timer) armillary sphere, ground motion instrument.

Windmill Mill. There are still many agricultural inventions, but they have not been promoted, but Europe has completed the industrial revolution with these things from China hundreds of years ago.

Printing, gunpowder, compass, papermaking.

Compass education tells about gunpowder printing.

Three major inventions.

Although many important achievements of Chinese civilization are named after the "Four Greats" and "Five Greats", such as the Four Great Beauties, the Four Classical Classics, and the Four Books and Five Classics, the concept of the Four Great Inventions was adopted by Western scholars and later accepted by the Chinese.

As early as 1550, the Italian mathematician Jerome Cardin was the first to point out that China's "three major inventions" had an impact on the world: Sinan (the compass), printing and gunpowder. And considered them "an invention that has no rival in the whole of antiquity." ”

In 1620, the English philosopher Bacon also mentioned in his book "New Tools": "The three inventions of printing, gunpowder, and the compass have changed the whole appearance and situation of things in the world." ”

Then, in 1861 and 1863, Marx and Engels pushed the significance of these inventions to a new height, when Marx wrote in "Machinery, the Forces of Nature, and the Use of Science": "Gunpowder, the compass, the printing press—these are the three great inventions that heralded the arrival of bourgeois society." Gunpowder blew the knightly class to pieces, the compass opened the world market and established colonies, and the printing press became an instrument of Protestantism and, in general, a means of scientific revival, the most powerful lever for creating the necessary prerequisites for spiritual development.

Engels clearly pointed out in "The German Peasants' War": "A series of inventions have their own more or less important significance, among which gunpowder is of glorious historical significance. It has now been established beyond any doubt that gunpowder was transmitted from China to the Arabs through India, and from the Arabs to Europe through Spain, along with gunpowder**.

British sinologist Maddox pointed out: "The inventive genius of the Chinese has long been manifested in many aspects. The three major inventions of the Chinese (nautical compass (Sinan), printing, gunpowder) provided an extraordinary impetus for the development of European civilization. ”

Four Great Inventions. The missionary and sinologist Joseph Eyjose, who was the first to add papermaking to these three inventions, compared Japan with China, noting that "we must always remember that they [the Japanese] did not have such great inventions as printing, paper, compass, and gunpowder." This list of inventions was later carried forward by the famous British biochemist, historian and sinologist Joseph Needham.