Which kind of special strains are good for breeding, and what is the price?

First of all, we must know how to plant, and then the profits of mushrooms are considerable, and the cultivation of mushrooms is greatly affected by the natural climate, and it is necessary to determine the suitable cultivation season according to the temperature characteristics of mushrooms.

Differences in mushroom farming areas.

1) Southern region: The mushroom production period is continuous, the harvest period is generally from mid to late November to mid-April of the following year, the harvest period is about 140 days, and 6 tide mushrooms can be picked. Usually bounded by the Spring Festival, the pre-festival is the early mushroom, and the post-festival is the late mushroom.

2) Yangtze River Basin: The mushroom-producing period is affected by the seasonal climate, and the mushroom-producing period stops at the low temperature stage in winter, and the mushroom-producing period is divided into two stages: autumn mushroom stage and spring mushroom stage. The autumn mushroom period generally starts from early to mid-October and ends around mid-December, and the harvest period is about 60 days, and the mushrooms can be picked for 4-5 tides; The spring mushroom period starts in mid-March of the following year and ends in May, and the harvest period is about 60 days, and the mushrooms can be harvested for 2-3 tides.

3) Northern production areas: In northern production areas such as Shandong, Henan, Hebei and other provinces, the composting and fermentation of mushroom compost is generally carried out in mid to late August; The sowing time is mostly arranged in early September, and the temperature in the shed is easy to control at 25-20 during this period, which is suitable for the growth of mushroom mycelium; One month after the germination and soil covering, the temperature drops below 20, which is conducive to the formation of fruiting bodies. Therefore, the mushroom emergence period in North China is suitable for autumn (October-November) and spring (April-May), and the winter temperature is below 5 for the dormant period.

Generally, the seeds are sown in early September, and the peak of autumn mushrooms is in November, accounting for 70% of the total yield; From December to March of the following year, the mushrooms do not appear due to low temperature; The peak of spring mushrooms is in April, and the mushroom production ends in mid to late May.

Taking the production schedule of Agaricus bisporus in North China as a reference:

Date program.

Before the end of July, prepare materials and build sheds.

August 5 Straw pre-wetting.

August 8 Composting.

August 14 doubled.

August 20 Second turn.

August 25 triple turn.

August 29 - September 5 After fermentation.

September 6 Sowing.

September 7-27 germs.

September 28-30 Mulching.

October 1-20 before mushroom management.

Late October-December Autumn mushroom management.

Winter management from January to March.

Late March to the end of May, spring mushroom management.

As a fungus breeding, although the operation is relatively simple, but the current market tends to be saturated, the profit is not large, I suggest that if you are interested in breeding, or plant chrysanthemums, not for selling flowers, or extracting spices after drying, the market demand in Europe and the United States is large, every year our country is exported, but also in short supply, profit margins, belongs to the emerging industry.

Grow shiitake mushrooms. The profit is okay, but the raw material wood is a little tight.

The strain is the basis and guarantee for the abundant yield of edible fungi, and the quality of the strain directly affects the economic benefits of edible fungus production. The following aspects should be paid attention to when purchasing edible mushroom varieties.

First, look at the market to select varieties.

Different regions, different seasons, and different years have different edible mushrooms**. Mushroom farmers should not stick to the old rules in seed selection, but should adapt to the situation and start from the following aspects.

1. Choose the best varieties, such as "2796" in mushrooms, oyster mushroom P54 "New Century", small oyster mushroom, straw mushroom V23, V35 and other varieties, which are usually in short supply and can win at price, especially suitable for suburban development.

2. Choose high-yield and high-quality varieties to win by quality and yield. These varieties can still obtain high economic benefits during the peak period of listing, and are more suitable for the development of large-scale edible fungus bases for export.

3. Choose new and excellent varieties. "Rare is expensive", some rare new varieties such as Pleurotus eryngii, Tea Mushroom, Bailing Mushroom, Shimeji Mushroom, Xiangwei Mushroom, etc. can be produced on a large scale, which is expensive and has good economic benefits. However, when choosing, it is necessary to grasp its characteristics and supporting cultivation techniques.

Second, the selection of varieties should be "three looks".

At present, there are still many fake and inferior strains on the market, which makes it difficult for consumers to distinguish between real and fake, and they are easy to be deceived. Therefore, the selection of excellent strains should do a good job of "three looks": 1. Look at the unit.

It is necessary to choose units with high credibility, strong economic strength and strong technical force to purchase seeds. You can't simply pursue the cheapest, otherwise you will be easily fooled, and you will lose a lot of money and cause unnecessary economic losses.

2. Look at the brand.

To choose the brand you are familiar with, you can't blindly believe in advertising, such as conversion rate of %, anti-all bacteria, success rate of 100%, etc., are deliberately hyped, not gullible.

3. Look at the strains.

Strains have certain appearance characteristics, and many strains can judge their quality and freshness from their appearance. Seed buyers should learn to observe the characteristics of the strains and be good at distinguishing the good and bad strains from the old and new.

3. Be willing to spend money to buy good seeds.

Edible fungi is a kind of planting industry with a large gap in economic benefits, such as 5 tons of cultivation material output value can be tens of thousands of yuan, low only a few hundred thousand yuan, and some will even lose money. If you are willing to invest and buy high-quality strains, you can actually ensure high yield and high quality to a certain extent, reduce investment risks, and spend a small amount of money to get big profits.

Excellent strains of straw mushrooms, prepared with forage medium for the winter (10, 15). After wintering, the cultivation in advance proves to be high-quality and high-yielding, and then the mother seed (first-class species) is obtained by tissue separation method, and the cultivation is continued to be expanded, and the production and use of ** in the current year.

Mushroom farmers should pay attention to the following points when purchasing straw mushroom strains:

1) The hyphae of straw mushroom are transparent, silvery-gray, evenly distributed, the mycelium is relatively sparse, and the reddish-brown thick wall spores are normal species. Straw mushroom mother species, original species, and cultivated species, such as Atsugaki have more spores, generally speaking, the fruiting body is smaller, and vice versa, the fruiting body is larger.

2) If the silver-gray straw mushroom mycelium is mixed with white linear hyphae, and then fish egg-like particles appear, which turn yellow-brown for a long time, it may be mixed with small sclerotinia miscellaneous fungi; If the mycelium in the bottle is too dense and white, it may also be mixed with miscellaneous bacteria, and it should be eliminated.

3) If the mycelium in the strain bottle gradually disappears and mites erode plaque appear, it means that it is infected with mites and should be eliminated.

4) The mycelium in the bottle has shrunk, and there is a water-stained liquid, and it cannot be used if there is a fishy smell.

5) The age of straw mushroom cultivation is about 18 days, and it is best not to use it for more than 30 days.

At present, there are many strains used for the cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii in China. Dalian Mushroom Development Center has introduced more than a dozen strains from Japan, South Korea, France, Taiwan Province and other regions. After screening and comparison, it was determined that the five strains of Apricot A (introduced from Japan), Apricot HA, Apricot Hb (introduced from Korea), Apricot F (introduced from France) and Apricot N (introduced by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences) had excellent economic traits and were suitable for cultivation in the northern region.

The main economic traits of each variety are as follows:

Apricot A: large individual, light color, strong phototropism, anti-impurities, high yield.

Apricot ha: medium individual, dark color, strong phototropism, resistance to impurities, high yield.

Apricot HB: large individual, dark color, strong phototropism, anti-impurities, high yield.

Apricot F: large individual, light color, strong phototropism, resistance to impurities, high yield.

Apricot N: large individual, light color, strong phototropism, anti-impurities, high yield.

At present, there are PLD-2 and PLD-5.

Producers can choose strains for cultivation according to market demand.