What is the impact of the implementation of the new policy on depreciation of fixed assets?

The different angles from which we pay attention lead to different perceptions.44

Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 4 - Fixed Assets.

Chapter 4 Follow-up Measurement.

Article 14 An enterprise shall accrue depreciation for all fixed assets. However, this excludes fixed assets that have been fully depreciated and continue to be used and land that is separately valued.

Depreciation refers to the systematic apportionment of the accrued depreciation amount according to the determined method during the service life of the fixed assets.

Accrued depreciation refers to the amount of the original price of a fixed asset for which depreciation should be accrued after deducting its estimated net residual value. For fixed assets for which provision for impairment has been made, the cumulative amount of provision for impairment of fixed assets shall also be deducted.

Estimated net residual value refers to the amount that an enterprise currently receives from the disposal of a fixed asset after deducting the estimated disposal costs, assuming that the expected useful life of the asset has reached the end of its useful life and is in the expected state at the end of its useful life.

Article 15 An enterprise shall, according to the nature and use of fixed assets, reasonably determine the useful life and estimated net residual value of fixed assets.

Once the useful life and estimated net residual value of fixed assets are determined, they shall not be changed at will. However, this does not apply to those that comply with the provisions of Article 19 of these Guidelines.

Article 16 An enterprise shall consider the following factors in determining the useful life of fixed assets:

1) Estimated production capacity or physical output;

ii) projected tangible and intangible losses;

3) Restrictions on the use of assets by law or similar provisions.

Article 17 An enterprise shall reasonably choose the method of depreciation of fixed assets according to the expected way of realizing the economic benefits related to fixed assets.

Depreciation methods available include the averaging method, the workload method, the double declining balance method, and the sum of years method.

Once the depreciation method of fixed assets is determined, it cannot be changed at will. However, this does not apply to those that comply with the provisions of Article 19 of these Guidelines.

Fixed assets are tangible assets held by an enterprise for the purpose of producing goods, providing labor services for leasing or operation and management, and have a useful life of more than one fiscal year, including buildings, buildings, machines, machinery, means of transportation and other equipment, appliances and tools related to production and business activities. The essence of depreciation of fixed assets is a process of value transfer and the change of capital form, and the correct extraction of depreciation is not only conducive to the correct calculation of the cost of Dawang products, but also ensures the capital of the reproduction of fixed assets.

The depreciation period of a fixed asset.

Enterprises should consider the following factors when considering the expected useful life of fixed assets: (How many years does the tax law stipulate that the depreciation period of fixed assets should be at least?) (1) The estimated production capacity or physical output of the fixed asset.

2) The tangible wear and tear of the fixed assets, such as natural erosion of the building due to wear and tear in the use of the equipment. (3) The intangible loss of the fixed assets, such as the technical level of the existing assets is relatively obsolete due to the progress of new technologies, and the products are obsolete due to changes in market demand. (4) Laws or similar restrictions on the use of fixed assets.

Depreciation of fixed assets Calculation of depreciation life and residual value rate of fixed assets According to the new enterprise income tax law, the depreciation life of fixed assets is stipulated: Article 60: Unless otherwise stipulated by the competent financial and taxation authorities, the minimum period for calculating depreciation of fixed assets is as follows:

a imitation) houses, buildings, for 20 years; (2) 10 years for aircraft, trains, ships, machines, machinery and other production equipment; (3) 5 years for appliances, tools, furniture, etc., related to production and business activities; (4) 4 years for means of transport other than airplanes, trains, and ships; (5) Electronic equipment, for 3 years.

What is the fixed asset depreciation policy? According to our introduction, we can understand that when the fixed assets of the enterprise are acquired, we determine the amount of depreciation that needs to be amortized in each period of the fixed assets according to the cost of the fixed assets, the net residual value and service life of the fixed assets, etc., for the specific calculation method, please refer to the introduction in our article above.

The accelerated depreciation method, also known as the rapid depreciation method, refers to any depreciation method that amortizes the amount to be depreciated more quickly than the commonly used straight-line depreciation method based on the expected useful life.

The accelerated depreciation method is based on diminishing utility, i.e., the utility of a fixed asset gradually decreases as its useful life decreases, so when the fixed asset is in a newer state, the utility is high, the output is also high, and the maintenance cost is lower, and the cash flow obtained is larger.

This method can better reflect the impact of intangible loss on depreciation due to the rapid development of social science and technology in today's society, and the use of this method to recover most of the value of fixed assets in the early stage of their use can reduce the loss of fixed assets when they are scrapped in advance due to their technology obsolescence, and can also bear the impact of many uncertain factors in the future, such as the impact of inflation.

When the fixed assets are in an older state, the utility is low, the output is small, and the maintenance cost is high, and the cash flow obtained is small, so that the depreciation cost should show a decreasing trend according to the requirements of the matching principle.

The method of declining balance of double slag and plum times refers to a method of accelerating depreciation by multiplying the opening net book value of fixed assets in each period by a fixed percentage without considering the estimated residual value of fixed assets.

The sum of years method refers to a method of calculating the amount of accelerated depreciation by multiplying the net amount of the original value of the fixed escort asset minus the estimated residual value by a decreasing fraction (called the depreciation rate).

Minimum age for depreciation.

Article 60 of the Regulations for the Implementation of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Income of Enterprises Taxing Taxes Unless otherwise stipulated by the competent financial and taxation authorities, the minimum period for calculating depreciation of fixed assets is as follows:

1) 20 years for houses and buildings;

2) 10 years for airplanes, trains, wheels, machines, machinery and other production equipment;

3) 5 years for utensils, tools, furniture, etc., related to production and business activities;

(4) 4 years for means of transport other than airplanes, trains, and ships;

(5) Electronic equipment, for 3 years.

According to the provisions of the notice of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on improving the enterprise income tax policy for accelerated depreciation of fixed assets (CS 2014 No. 75).

For the instruments and equipment newly purchased by enterprises in all industries after January 1, 2014 for research and development, if the unit value does not exceed 1 million yuan, it is allowed to be included in the current cost and expenses at one time and deducted in the calculation of taxable income, and depreciation will no longer be calculated on an annual basis; If the unit value exceeds 1 million yuan, the depreciation period can be shortened or accelerated depreciation can be adopted.

For fixed assets with a unit value of no more than 5,000 yuan held by enterprises in all industries, it is allowed to be included in the current cost and expense at one time and deducted in the calculation of taxable income, and depreciation will no longer be calculated on an annual basis. ”

Accelerated depreciation of fixed assets is a depreciation concept relative to the traditional average depreciation of fixed assets over the useful life of fixed assets, which refers to a way to allocate their costs in a decreasing state in order to accelerate their capital investment during the service life of fixed assets.

Accelerated depreciation method.

1) Sum of years method.

The sum of years method, also known as the total life method, refers to a method of calculating the annual depreciation amount by taking the original price of a fixed asset by subtracting the estimated net residual value by a fraction of the remaining useful life of the fixed asset at the beginning of each year as the numerator and the sum of the expected useful life of the year as the denominator. The calculation formula is as follows:

Annual depreciation rate = remaining useful life Sum of years of estimated useful life * 100% Sum of years of estimated useful life = n * (n + 1) Depreciation rate in February = Annual depreciation rate 12

Monthly depreciation amount = (original price of fixed assets - estimated net residual value) * monthly depreciation rate (2) double declining balance method.

The equipment is booked at x and is expected to be used for n (n is large enough) years, with a residual value of y.

then the depreciation in the first year c<1>=x*2 n;

Depreciation in the second year c<2>=(x-c<1>)*2 nDepreciation in the third year c<3>=(x-c<1>-c<2>)*2 n···

In the last two years, depreciation will need to be changed to the straight-line method.

The provisions of the new enterprise income tax law on the depreciation period of fixed assets2008-12-23 16:18 Article 60 of the Regulations for the Implementation of the Enterprise Income Tax Law stipulates: Unless otherwise stipulated by the competent financial and taxation authorities, the minimum period for calculating depreciation of fixed assets is as follows:

1) Houses and buildings, for 20 years;

(2) 10 years for aircraft, trains, ships, machines, machinery and other production equipment;

(3) 5 years for appliances, tools, furniture, etc., related to production and business activities;

(4) 4 years for means of transport other than airplanes, trains, and ships;

(5) Electronic equipment, for 3 years.

Article 63 of the Regulations for the Implementation of the Enterprise Income Tax Law stipulates that the depreciation of productive biological assets calculated according to the straight-line method is allowed to be deducted.

Enterprises shall calculate depreciation from the month following the month in which the productive biological assets are put into use; Depreciation shall cease to be calculated from the month following the month in which the use of productive biological assets is discontinued.

Enterprises shall reasonably determine the estimated net residual value of productive biological assets based on the nature and use of productive biological assets. Once the estimated net residual value of a productive biological asset has been determined, it may not be changed.

According to Article 31 of the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Provisional Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Enterprise Income Tax

3) The basis and method of extracting depreciation.

1. Depreciation of fixed assets of taxpayers shall be calculated from the month following the month in which they are put into use; The depreciation of fixed assets shall be stopped from the month following the month in which they are discontinued.

2. Before calculating depreciation, the residual value of fixed assets shall be estimated and deducted from the original price of fixed assets, and the proportion of residual value shall be within 5 of the original price, which shall be determined by the enterprise itself; If it is necessary to adjust the residual value ratio due to special circumstances, it shall be reported to the in-charge tax authorities for the record.

Minimum age for depreciation.

Article 60 of the Regulations for the Implementation of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Income of Enterprises Taxing Taxes Unless otherwise stipulated by the competent financial and taxation authorities, the minimum period for calculating depreciation of fixed assets is as follows:

1) 20 years for houses and buildings;

2) 10 years for airplanes, trains, wheels, machines, machinery and other production equipment;

3) 5 years for utensils, tools, furniture, etc., related to production and business activities;

(4) 4 years for means of transport other than airplanes, trains, and ships;

(5) Electronic equipment, for 3 years.