When did Yuan Shikai sign the 21st Article?

Article 5 reads as follows:

The first paragraph is that in China, Japanese must be hired as political, financial, and military advisers.

Paragraph 2: All Japanese hospitals, monasteries, schools, etc. established in Chinese mainland shall be allowed to own their land.

Paragraph 3: In the past, there have been many police cases in Japan and China, which have led to many incidents, so it is necessary to make the police in the necessary places a joint operation between Japan and China, or to employ a majority of Japanese in the police stations in such places, so as to plan for the improvement of the Chinese police organs.

Paragraph 4: China shall purchase a certain amount of ordnance from Japan (for example, more than half of the ordnance required in China), or set up a Sino-Japanese joint ordnance factory in China to employ Japanese technicians and purchase Japanese materials.

Paragraph 5 China will grant to Japan the construction rights of the railways connecting Wuchang, Jiujiang and Nanchang, and the railways of Nanchang, Hangzhou, Nanchang and Chaozhou.

Paragraph 6: In the case of the establishment of railways, mines, and the reorganization of Haikou in Fujian Province, when foreign capital is needed (including shipyards), an agreement shall be made to Japan first.

Paragraph 7: China allows the Japanese to have the right to preach in China.

Brief description of the treaty

Japan was recognized as inheriting all the rights and interests of Germany in Shandong, and Shandong Province was not allowed to cede or lease other countries.

The privileges of the Japanese to reside, travel, operate industry and commerce, and mine in South Manchuria and eastern Inner Mongolia were recognized. The lease period of Lushun and Dalian and the management period of the Nanman and Anbong railways were extended to a limit of 99 years.

Han Yeping Company was changed to a Sino-Japanese joint venture, and no one outside the company was allowed to mine nearby mines.

All China's coastal harbors and islands will not be leased or ceded to other countries.

China** employs Japanese as political, military, and financial advisers. China and Japan jointly set up police and arsenals. The construction rights of the railways between Wuchang and Nanchang, Nanchang and Hangzhou, and Nanchang and Chaozhou were transferred to Japan.

In Fujian Province, Japan has the right of priority for mining, the construction of seaports and shipyards, and the construction of roads.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - 21.

Legal analysis: Beiyang ** announced that it would accept some of the requirements of Nos. 1 to 4 in Article 21 on the grounds that "the national strength is not full, and it is difficult to meet each other".

Legal basis: Article 21

No. 1 demanded that China recognize Japan's inheritance of all German rights and interests in Shantung; Shandong Province shall not be assigned or leased to other countries; Allow Japan to build a railway from Yantai (or Longkou) to Jiaoji Road; The major cities of Shandong were opened as commercial ports. In fact, it was necessary to turn Shandong into a Japanese sphere of influence in preparation for the partition of China.

No. 2 demanded that China recognize Japan's special rights in South Manchuria and eastern Inner Mongolia, that the Japanese have the privileges of residence and movement (in fact, unlimited immigration), road and mining, and that other powers should not be allowed to intervene; The lease period of Lushun and Dalian and the term of the South Manchurian and Anbong railways were extended to 99 years. Japan's conspiracy to turn Northeast China and Inner Mongolia into its own colonies can be described as deliberate.

No. 3 has two articles, demanding that the Hanyeping Company be changed to a Sino-Japanese joint venture, that China must not handle it on its own, and that no one outside the company is allowed to mine nearby mines.

No. 4 requires that all ports and islands along China's coast shall not be leased or ceded to other countries. In other words, China became a protectorate of Japan.

No, Article 21 was an unequal treaty forced by Japanese imperialism to force Yuan Shikai to sign by means of threats and inducements.

There is no such thing as voluntarily signing an unequal treaty for others to slaughter, but it is only the mistakes and crimes committed by some people who are sometimes blinded or forced to do so out of desperation.

Yes, Yuan Shikai tried to gain the support of the West or let the West not interfere in China's internal affairs, he wanted to be an emperor and dictatorship.