Sima Qian s Historical Records of Chen Shijia The background, time, and why it was written

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Sima Qian (145 BC, 90 BC) was a historian, thinker, and writer of the Western Han Dynasty.

In 209 BC, 900 soldiers led by Chen Sheng and Wu Guang held the first large-scale peasant uprising in the history of our country in Daze Township.

Chen Sheng, a native of Yangcheng, is also involved in the word. Wu Guangzhi, Yangxia (jiǎ) people also, the word uncle. When Chen Shi was young, he tried to plough with a servant, dropped out of farming, hated for a long time, and said: "Gou is rich and noble, and there is no forget." The servant smiled and said, "If it is a servant, how can you be rich?" ”

The "family" was a general, Chen Shi rebelled against the Qin Dynasty, but later failed, Sima Qian believed that his influence was equivalent to a great general, so he was classified as a "family".

Chen Sheng has an unusual place in Chinese history, beyond our imagination! First of all, he was the first to rise up against feudal exploitation and rule (of course, you can't expect him to be very conscious) peasant class leader, as a peasant with no political background and struggle experience, in the words of Jia Yi's "On the Passage of Qin": the son of the urn rope pivot, the man of the gangsters, and the migrants, who have neither the talent of a sage nor the dispatch of a good general, can lead a rabble of old and weak soldiers to challenge the strong Qin (at least at the time of the Chen Shi uprising, Qin's combat effectiveness was still extraordinary), which is enough to prove his unsurpassed courage!

Sima Qian's biography for him and his inclusion in the family is an affirmation of him, as a historian, and also a recognition and foresight of his peasant uprising. Sima Qian understands the unspoken rules of history, and his historical outlook and values are reflected in the "Book of Bao Ren'an", he is not only satisfied with seeing the surface of things, but also penetrating the surface and the inside, and expressing his own opinions with foresight! The peasant rebels are worthy of recognition, they promote the progress of society, and the development of history, whether successful or not, is worthy of the admiration of future generations!

"[Family]" is a record of the affairs of the princes' kingdoms. This is because the princes founded the country and inherited the family, and the descendants were hereditary, so they were given biographies called the family. From the beginning of the great feudalism of the Western Zhou Dynasty, to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the vassal states successively dominated the country and flourished for a while.

Sima Qian's inclusion of Confucius and Chen Shi in the "family" is an exception. Although Confucius was not a prince, he was the suzerain of three generations of culture, not to mention the exclusive respect of Confucianism during the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Confucius was the founder of Confucianism, and the inclusion of it in the "family" also reflects the reality of the ideological field. As for Chen She, he was not only the first leader to rebel against the Qin Dynasty, but also the first person to fight against the tyrannical rule with civilians in three generations, and most of the princes who died in Qin were established by him.

Sima Qian included him in the "family", and compared his exploits with Tang Fangji, King Wu's war, and Confucius's "Spring and Autumn", and wrote him as a great historical hero who shook the rule of the tyrannical Qin Empire and dominated the situation, reflecting the author's progressive view of history. and to show respect for Confucius.