What is called autosomes The difference between autosomes and heterosomes

Autosomes refer to chromosomes in a chromosome set other than sex chromosomes. Of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans, 22 are autosomes, and the remaining pair is a sex chromosome made up of x and x or y chromosomes.

The two members of each pair of homologous chromosomes of autosomes are identical in morphology and size, and are similar in nature. It is stable in all individuals of each organism and in all its cells, but its number and morphology are germline-specific.

In dioecious individuals, chromosomes other than sex chromosomes. Normal somatic cells in the human body have 22 pairs of autosomes.

Autosomes are also known as somatic chromosomes. In the cells of living organisms, in addition to the sex chromosomes that are related to sex determination, there are also chromosomes that are not related to sex determination and are present in pairs and are called autosomes.

Autosomes are all chromosomes except sex chromosomes that have no direct effect on sex determination. For example, humans have 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes. Human normal chromosomes are 46 (23 pairs), of which 22 pairs are called autosomes, which are the same for both men and women; The other 1 pair is called the sex chromosome

In the interphase nucleus, the morphology of chromatin is not uniform.

According to its morphology and staining characteristics, it can be divided into two types: euchromatin and heterochromatin.

Euchromatin: loose folding, low degree of condensation, in an elongated state, light coloration when dyed with basic dyes. Transcriptionally active chromatin is generally euchromatin.

Heterochromatin: high degree of folding and compression, in an agglutinated state, stained with basic dyes and darkened. Its DNA has many repeats and duplicates more than normal chromatin.

Some of the heterochromatin is agglutinated from the original euchromatin. There are also heterochromatins that are in a condensation state throughout the cell cycle, except for the replication phase.

1. Euchromatin: loose folding, low condensation, stretching; Heterochromatin: highly folded compression.

2. Euchromatin: light color when dyed with basic dyes; Heterochromatin: in the agglutinated state, subchromatic by basic staining.

3. The degree (density) of nucleic acid helix is different between the two.

The human body has a total of 46 chromosomes (also known as 23 pairs of chromosomes), of which 22 pairs are autosomes and 1 pair is a sex chromosome, which is the decisive differentiator. The sex chromosomes of males are made up of one X chromosome and one Y chromosome, while the females are made up of two X chromosomes of the same shape.

Autosomes are generally represented by any 24 capitals except for x and y, but they are generally ...... aa for convenienceDenote.

Sex chromosomes are generally represented by x, y, and the genes that control dominant recessive inheritance are marked in the upper right corner, such as a (for dominant inheritance) or a (for recessive inheritance).

Judging methods are available in biology books:

It can be summarized as:

Recessive: Explicit and recessive out of nothing.

Autosome: Female disease is often hidden.

Sex chromosomes (with X): the mother and the child must be sick, and the female father must be dominant: there is no dominant sex.

Autosomal: normal for giving birth to a female is often obvious.

Sex chromosomes (with X): Father and daughter will be sick, and the child will be sick and the mother will be sick with Y.