What fertilizer is better to use during the grape ripening period, try to say it in detail...

The early and mid-ripening grape varieties are harvested one after another, and the late-maturing varieties enter the berry ripening period, and at this stage, medium-strong management is the key to achieving high and stable yields. Its management should focus on the following three key points:

1. Pick in batches.

Depending on the variety of grapes, the degree of maturity is also inconsistent. Therefore, different measures should be taken according to different situations. The ripe grapes have a bright skin, and when the rainbow flesh is transparent, there is a thick layer of powder, which has its inherent flavor when eaten, and the seeds are brown.

If you pick too early, the acid will be too high, which will affect the quality, and if you pick too late, the fruit will taste good and will not be resistant to storage and transportation. Therefore, harvesting at the right time and in batches is the key to ensuring the quality of the grapes.

2. Drought prevention and cooling.

In the picking stage, if there is a long-term high temperature or no rainy weather, the fruit and leaves are easy to shrunk, which not only affects the yield and quality, but also affects the plant growth and flower bud differentiation. Therefore, the work of preventing early cooling should be strengthened, the grass covering between the rows can be used to reduce the ground temperature, and at the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to the timely amount of irrigation, and the irrigation should adopt the annular ditch irrigation method, that is, dig a wide ditch around the canopy, and pour the water in, this method is suitable for small areas of vineyards, and large areas of mountain vineyards can be sprinkler irrigation. Irrigation can be done in sufficient quantities and too frequently, otherwise it will affect the flavor of the grapes and easily cause fruit cracking.

3. Timely fertilization.

The ripe and harvesting stage of the grapes is the second peak of their root growth, and they should be fertilized in time. The amount of fertilizer applied this time is 60% of the whole year. Organic fertilizers such as garbage, manure, compost, and pond mud are better.

It is also mixed with urea, ammonium carbonate and other fast-acting fertilizers. Each mu of vineyard requires the application of 3000 4000kg of organic fertilizer, mixed with 30 40kg of urea or 100 130kg of ammonium carbonate. It is better to apply radial deep application, first apply chemical fertilizer and then apply organic matter fertilizer, and then cover the soil, the depth is 20 25cm, and timely irrigation after fertilizer.

In addition, the pruning of the secondary shoots should be stopped during the ripening and harvesting period.

At this time, it is recommended to apply high-potassium liquid suspended water-soluble fertilizer, foliar spraying of organic fluorine high-phosphorus and potassium liquid fertilizer and organic acid boron calcium foliar fertilizer, to supplement the required nutrients for fruit coloring and sweetening, and can not break the root of fertilization, which can be put into the fruit after picking, it is not recommended to use organic fertilizer, which is easy to destroy root nutrition.

1. Solid inorganic fertilizer for grapes is better. According to the needs of grape growth and development, urea was applied 3 times in the first year of planting (2 times less than soil cultivation), 50 grams of plants each time; Top dressing ternary compound fertilizer 2 times, 100 grams each time, 9 kg of urea per mu and 12 kg of ternary compound fertilizer are applied throughout the year, which are 1 5 and 1 4 of top dressing per mu of soil cultivation, of which the supplement of trace elements adopts the method of foliar spraying, combined with spraying 2 3 times a year.

2. Due to the vigorous growth of substrate cultivation grapes, the huge root system, and the ability to resist pests and diseases is greatly improved, the first year of planting is 3 4 times with medication, and the result is less than 5 times in the annual growing season of that year.

3. The frame type used in grape soilless cultivation is that the trellis is better than the hedge. Because the trellis is small, the grapes grow vigorously, and the fruit is not as good as the trellis. According to the test results, the use of flat scaffolding is not only easy to increase yield in the early stage, but also easy to improve the quality.

4. Grapes need a lot of nutrients, mainly nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer increase accordingly after entering the fruiting period. In addition to organic fertilizer, 80-150kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are required per hectare per crop (harvest), which should be adjusted according to different varieties, yields, tree potentials and soil fertility. The basal fertilizer is applied after winter, and 10,000kg of chicken and duck manure, 3750kg of cake fertilizer and 3750kg of superphosphate are applied per hectare.

5. Top dressing is applied before the shade buds, before flowering and fruit expansion period, and timely spraying of strong fruit tiling, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used in the early stage to promote the growth of branches and flower spikes, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are added during the fruit expansion period to improve quality. Extra-root topdressing spray with urinary cord and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can promote fruit expansion and ripening.

1. Base fertilizer. Basal fertilizer is an essential growing condition for any crop and is the basis for its growth, and grapes are no exception. In general, the basal fertilizer of the grapes can be applied after the harvest in autumn and before the leaves fall, and the main components of the fertilizer are organic fertilizer, balanced water-soluble fertilizer and microbial agent.

Among them, the balanced water-soluble fertilizer is a fast-acting fertilizer that can quickly compensate for the nutrient deficiency in the later stage of the vine, while the organic fertilizer and microbial inoculants are long-acting fertilizers, which can ensure the smooth wintering of the tree and the good growth of the root system.

2. Sprout fertilizer. Budding fertilizer is the first fertilization of grapes every year, this period is the stage of new shoot growth, flower bud differentiation and leaf growth, the demand for nitrogen fertilizer is higher, you can apply nitrogen fertilizer mainly, you can also fertilize with balanced fertilizer, which can ensure sufficient nutrients in the early stage and avoid leaf growth.

3. Falling flower fertilizer. Grapes need to be topdressed before and after flowering, this time is the time when new shoots and flower buds grow more rapidly, and the demand for fertilizer is also relatively large, so topdressing at this stage is conducive to the policy growth of grapes, and can also promote the development of young fruits, reduce the appearance of fruit drop, and increase the yield in the later stage.

<>1. Fertilizer selection: when the young fruit is enlarged, nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer, supplemented by phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and in the fruit coloring period, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is the main fertilizer, and a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer is added. 2. Characteristics of fertilizer demand:

Every 1000kg of grapes needs to absorb nitrogen, phosphorus and 4-5kg of potassium, of which the maximum nitrogen fertilizer demand is from budding and leaf development to around the flowering stage until the young fruit expansion stage, and the maximum phosphate fertilizer demand period is from the young fruit expansion stage to the berry coloring and ripening stage.

1. What fertilizer is used for grapes to make grapes large

1. Fertilizer selection.

Before flowering, nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer, supplemented by phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. In the swelling stage of young fruits, nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer, supplemented by phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. During the fruit coloring period, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are the main fertilizers, and a small amount of nitrogen fertilizers are added.

2. The characteristics of grapes in terms of fertilizer.

1) In general, every 1000kg of Portuguese or grape production needs to absorb nitrogen, phosphorus, 4-5kg of potassium, the specific ratio is nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium = 1::.

2) The period when the maximum amount of nitrogen fertilizer is required was from budding and leaf development to around the flowering stage and ending at the stage of young fruit expansion.

3) The period when the demand for phosphate fertilizer was greatest was from the swelling stage of young fruits to the coloring and ripening stage of berries.

4) The period when the demand for potassium fertilizer was the largest from the swelling stage of young fruits to the coloring and ripening stage of berries, and the absorption of potassium increased significantly during this process.

3. Other management points of grape expansion.

1) During the expansion period of grapes, the suitable temperature is 20-30, and the temperature difference between day and night is conducive to the coloring of grapes and the accumulation of sugar.

2) Grapes are light-loving plants and need to be kept in light for about 7-9 hours a day. If the sun loss is too strong, it is necessary to bag the fruit to shade it.

3) During the berry season, the demand for water is higher. At the ripening stage, the water should not be too much, and the soil can be kept moist.

2. When is the best fertilization period for grapes?

1. Base fertilizer. Apply 400-450kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 6kg of urea, 15-17kg of diammonium phosphate, and 5-6kg of potassium sulfate per mu.

2. Top dressing. 1) Before flowering, when the buds begin to swell in early spring, apply 13-14kg of urea and 4-6kg of potassium sulfate per mu. The amount of fertilizer applied accounts for 10-15% of the year.

2) When the young fruit is expanded, apply 10-11kg of urea and 7-8kg of potassium sulfate per mu. The amount of fertilizer applied accounts for 20-30% of the year.

3) In the early stage of fruit coloring, you can choose to apply potassium sulfate ternary compound fertilizer in the soil, or you can apply potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution outside the root, and apply it 2-3 times in a row. The amount of fertilizer applied accounts for about 10% of the year.

In order to promote the vigorous growth of plants and take shape as soon as possible, the fertilizer in the early stage should be mainly nitrogen fertilizer, and adhere to the principle of "eating more meals after less". In the late stage of growth, in order to make the plant nutrient accumulation high, the root system is enlarged, the main vine is full, and the growth of the branches is good, the growth should be controlled, the nitrogen fertilizer supply can be stopped at this stage, the roots can be applied an appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and the foliar spray of phosphorus and potassium foliar fertilizer.

Fertilize the grapes before planting.

The goal of cultivating young grape vines is to form and produce well as soon as possible, and it is recommended to dig planting trenches before setting, which can be cultivated by machinery. In general, it is recommended to apply organic fertilizer, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus fertilizer, urea, potassium sulfate, etc. in the planting ditch. Medium and trace element fertilizers such as zinc sulfate can be supplemented, which can be carried out before the year so that the nutrients can be fully utilized.

Key points of fertilization management at the seedling stage.

Generally, it is not released immediately after colonizationGrow about 6 leaves and start fertilizing, you can fertilize twice a month, can be flushed with high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer, can also be applied urea, urea is recommended to be appropriate concentration.

If the leaves are yellow and the seedlings are stiff in the early stage, it is recommended to apply the sea elf root type 1-2 times, and when the growth is fast in the later stage, compound fertilizer can be used as the main fertilizer. If the nutrients are too high, the frequency of fertilization needs to be reduced.

General, 9-Autumn fertilizer can be applied in October, and autumn fertilizer can be mainly rotted farmhouse fertilizer, and balanced compound fertilizer can also be added

According to the mineral nutrition of the soil, we appropriately add boron fertilizer, magnesium and zinc fertilizer, etc., and reduce the nitrogen fertilizer application in autumn fertilizer when there is excess nutrition.

In order to promote the vigorous growth of plants and take shape as soon as possible, the fertilizer in the early stage should be mainly nitrogen fertilizer, and Luting adheres to the principle of "eating more meals after less".

In the late stage of growth, in order to make the nutrient accumulation of plants high, the root system is enlarged, the main vine is full, and the growth of branches should be controlled if the degree of lignification is good. At this stage, the supply of nitrogen fertilizer can be stopped, an appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be applied to the roots, and phosphorus and potassium foliar fertilizer can be sprayed on the foliar surface.

Precautions for fertilization at the seedling stage.

The concentration and dosage of fertilizer-sensitive slippery material should be appropriate to avoid burning roots

The application of organic fertilizer must be decomposed, and chicken manure and cow manure must be composted for 2-3 months before they can be usedIt is not allowed to apply too much fertilizer at one time。It is recommended to apply thinly and diligently, pay attention to preventing frost damage, flood disasters, etc., and repair the sea elves in time if the root system is poor.

After fertilization, it is necessary to supply water or combine fertilizer and water in time

At the grape seedling stage,Complete nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied to the roots every 15-20 days

Apply 25-30 grams of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium water-soluble fertilizer to each plant each time, mix it with water or biogas slurry or make 3-5 kg of well-rotted human and livestock manure. Then, it is evenly applied to the soil around the roots of the grape seedlings, so that the fertilizer completely penetrates into the soil and does not flow out.

Water management at the grape seedling stage.

It should be noted that water is more important than fertilizer for planting to promote seedling growth in that year. After the grape seedlings are planted and the first two waters are watered, the seedlings can be properly refined, forcing the roots to take root and find water. After the new shoots grow to 10-20 cm, water them every half month.

When the new shoots grow to 30-40 cm, water every 20 days, keep the soil moist often, and do not water when the moisture is good. Reduce the frequency and amount of watering or even stop watering in the later stages of growth.

Phosphorus fertilizer is best applied during the flowering period of grapes.

Fertilization techniques and precautions for grapes at various stages

1. Embryonic stage

Generally, germination fertilizer is applied once before germination to promote shoot growth and shoot germination. Nitrogen fertilizer was mainly applied at the germination stage, which could effectively promote the rapid growth of new shoots and leaves.

2. Flowering period

During the flowering period, the application of flush fertilization is mainly phosphate fertilizer (phosphorus is mainly used to promote the differentiation of flower buds), and the germination fertilizer should be applied before flowering, such as the choice of fast-acting fertilizer, which can be applied 3 to 5 days in advance, and the compound fertilizer is applied 15 to 20 days in advance.

3. Young fruit stage

Irrigation and fertilization should be applied at the young grape stage, and potassium fertilizer should be used as the main fertilizer to promote the rapid expansion of young fruits and prevent the occurrence of various potassium deficiency symptoms. Potassium can promote the ripening of young grapes, increase the sugar content of the grapes, reduce acidity, improve the taste and redness of grapes.

4. Swelling period

The potassium requirement in the swelling stage is more than that in the young fruit stage, which is the highest peak of the grape fertilizer requirement in a year, and the potassium fertilizer is sufficient, which can effectively improve the expansion rate of grape fruits, promote fruit coloring, sweetening, and prevent grain loss.

5. Coloring and maturity period

If the color is not good at this time, you can apply potassium fertilizer again, and if the root fertilizer is sufficient, you can properly apply some potassium fertilizer products to promote color and sugar.

6. Post-harvest

After harvesting, in order to recover quickly from injuries and survive the winter safely, without affecting the next year's product, some nitrogen fertilizer (to promote injury recovery) and phosphate fertilizer (to promote root development) can be rushed. It can be applied up to 1 month after harvest, the earlier the better.

7. Precautions

When planting grapes, usually after the bud starts, you can supplement the fertilizer or water-soluble fertilizer in time, to ensure the nutrients required for grape growth in time, promote seedlings, and promote the expansion of young fruits.

The time of grape application of basal fertilizer is best carried out immediately after the fruit is picked, if not applied in time, it can also be carried out in the dormant period of grapes, fertilization is mainly organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and a certain amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied according to the tree potential (nitrogen fertilizer can be applied if the tree is too vigorous, and nitrogen fertilizer should be applied appropriately if the tree is weak). The basal fertilizer application method is mostly applied along the row of grape vines in a ditch, paying attention not to be too close to the tree, so as not to hurt the roots too heavily and affect the growth of the grapes.

Grapes need more nitrogen and potassium fertilizer, in the growth process of grapes need to be supplemented in time, in the use of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer as top dressing is generally a shallow ditch application, the time of fertilization is bud expansion period, early flowering, after flowering fruit development has the size of bean grain period, grape berry coloring stage.