How do stone arch bridges work and how are they built?

Force: under the action of vertical load, it mainly bears axial force, and a small amount of bending moment and shear force, and at the same time, horizontal thrust will be generated at the arch foot (the presence of thrust reduces the bending moment of the cross-section), and the foundation soil is very demanding. Make full use of the compressive performance of stone, arch bridge construction is divided into two kinds of bracket and bracket construction, masonry is difficult to do without bracket construction bar (compared with concrete or steel arch), the following is the detailed construction process.

Arch ring lofting: the arch stone of the stone arch bridge should be processed according to the design size of the arch ring, and it needs to be made in order to ensure that the processing size is correct. Make arch stone samples.

Small span arc and other cross-sectional arch rings, because of the simple cross-section, can be calculated to determine the size of the arch stone, with wooden boards to make a model, generally do not need to release the main loss of the circle sample. However, the large and medium-span catenary arch ring needs to release the arch ring according to the ratio of 1:1 on the sample table to determine the shape and size of the arch block and the segmented position of the arch ring.

The sample table can be selected in a relatively flat and spacious place near the bridge position. When the two halves of the arch ring and the arch are symmetrical, only half of the hole can be released, and when the two half holes are asymmetrical, the whole hole needs to be released. The sequence and method of masonry main arch ring When building the arch ring, the masonry sequence of the arch ring should be designed according to the span, sagittal height, thickness and arch frame of the arch ring.

The masonry sequence of the arch ring is as follows: when the arch circle with a span of 10m is built with a full cloth arch frame, it can be symmetrically built from the arch feet at both ends in order, and finally the arch capstone is built. When the span diameter is 10m and the arch frame masonry arch ring and the arch ring with span diameter is 13 20m, can adopt segmented symmetrical masonry; Each half span should be divided into three sections, symmetrically masonry from both ends of the arch foot, and finally the capstone is closed.

Arch circle closing: With the different span diameters and design requirements, the arch ring closure method is divided into three types: installing the vault capstone closing, brake tip capping and closing, and pre-applied pressure capping. Masonry masonry time of arch structure:

When the arch structure is masonry before the arch frame is unloaded, it should be carried out after the mortar strength of the arch ring closes reaches the design mark of more than 30. When the structure of the arch is built after the loose frame, it should be carried out after the mortar strength of the arch ring is closed to reach the mark of more than 70. The arch ring built by the ring should be carried out after the strength of the mortar to be sealed reaches the design mark of 70 or more.

Masonry method: The masonry of the arch structure should be carried out in accordance with the principle of symmetry and balance. The solid belly arch structure should be built by the arch foot to the vault symmetrically in the order of step masonry.

Soffit filler can be filled with the order of side wall masonry. When the amount of filler is large, it can also be filled in the side wall after the masonry. The solid belly arch should be separated by an expansion joint between the side wall and the abutment.

The mechanics of an arch bridge is to remove the bending moments that would otherwise be generated by the load by a horizontal thrust.

Stress becomes compressive stress or mostly converts into compressive stress. The biggest difference between the arch and the beam is the existence of horizontal thrust, if the horizontal thrust and the support reaction force and the resultant force of the load acting on it happen to pass through the axis of the arch, such an arch is a reasonable arch, and such an arch is only subject to compressive stress. If the two do not coincide, then there is a certain moment stress.

But in general, the bending moment of the arch is less than that of the beam of the same span. We know that the compressive performance of stone is very good, and the tensile performance is worse than the compressive performance, through the principle of arch, you can make full use of the characteristics of the stone with good compressive performance in compressive resistance, and can avoid the lack of tensile resistance. The compressive principle of the arch bridge, the dead load, the lane load, and the crowd load acting on the bridge are all downward direction, and the arch foot is constrained by the vertical and horizontal directions, in order to achieve the balance of the force system.

There must be a horizontal internal force component and a vertical internal force component, the sum of the two in the tangential direction of the arch axis is generally not 0, this force is the axial force, and the axial force is generally pressure, so the arch ring is compressed. <>

Explain the method and function:

1. Definition: "There is stone masonry between every two stone arches."

The piers connect the 11 stone arches into a whole, so this kind of bridge is called the double arch stone bridge.

2. For example: "The bridge is not an ordinary semicircle, but like a bow .......""It vividly illustrates the Chinese stone arch bridge.

Basic features in form.

3. Imitation: "Some ......."Some ......Some ......"The vivid posture of the lion is depicted, showing the Lugou Bridge.

The art of the arts.

4. Column numbers: "Zhaozhou Bridge is a draft."

Very majestic, full length meters, wide at the ends, slightly narrower in the middle, 9 meters wide. Through conclusive data, the scale of the bridge is accurately illustrated, highlighting the "majestic" characteristics of the Zhaozhou Bridge.

Chinese stone arch bridges have the characteristics of long history, beautiful form, solid structure and wide distribution.

1. It has a long history, and the stone arch bridge in China has a long history. The construction of Chinese stone arch bridges began in the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty and has a history of more than 1,800 years. It is developed step by step from stone bridges and bracing bridges, and is one of the four basic forms of traditional Chinese bridges.

2. The form is beautiful, and the bridge hole of the stone arch bridge is arc-shaped, just like a rainbow. No matter how big or small the building is, the craftsmanship must be refined, just like a painting.

Lugou Bridge, with superb bridge building technology and exquisite stone lion carving unique charm, the stone carving on the bridge is very exquisite, the stone carving guardrail of the bridge body is expected to be 281 pillars, the column is high meters, the column head is carved with a lotus, the seat is a lotus leaf pier, and the top of the column is carved with numerous stone lions. The pillar is carved with countless stone lions of different sizes and shapes. The total number of large and small stone lions should be 502.

3. The structure is solid, the design of the bridge is completely in line with scientific principles, the construction technology is even more ingenious, the whole bridge has only one big arch like a bow, and there are two small arches on each shoulder of the big arch.

4. Widely distributed, stone arch bridges are all over the mountains and rivers of the motherland, China's famous stone arch bridges are different from Lugou Bridge (Beijing), Guangji Bridge (Chaozhou, Guangdong), Zhaozhou Bridge (Zhao County, Hebei), Suzhou Baodai Bridge (Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province), Luoyang Bridge (Quanzhou, Fujian), Wuting Bridge (Yangzhou Slender West Lake), Cross Bridge (Shanxi Taiyuan City, Jinci) and so on.

How the stone arch bridge was built, look at how the Germans did it, and have to obey!

The first section: the bridge hole of the stone arch bridge is arc-shaped;

The second section: the stone arch bridge has a long history, beautiful form and strong structure;

The third paragraph: China's stone arch bridge has a long history, is widely distributed, has a variety of forms, and has many amazing masterpieces;

Section 4: Zhaozhou Bridge has a long history and a solid structure;

The fifth paragraph: Zhaozhou Bridge is scientifically designed and ingenious;

The sixth paragraph: Lugou Bridge has a solid structure, ingenious technology and scientific design;

Section 7: Lugou Bridge is world-famous and beautifully built;

The eighth paragraph: Lugou Bridge has important commemorative significance in the history of our country;

Paragraph 9: The reasons for the glorious achievements of the stone arch bridge in our country;

Paragraph 10: China's bridge industry is well developed.