What were the folk customs in China before the Song Dynasty 5

After the founding of the Ming Dynasty, it was stipulated that men had three types of hats: the six-in-one hat is commonly known as the "melon skin hat", also known as the "small hat". It is made of six pieces of Luo silk, which is mostly used for the common people, and is said to be made by Ming Taizu.

Take the material of the "six-in-one system": yarn in summer and autumn, satin in spring and winter; The color is black, and the inside of the folder is red. The rich use red gold or stone blue brocade to edge the edges.

For example, at that time, the "bamboo branch word" cloud: "The melon skin hat is new, and the gold brocade border is narrow and even." "Cap forms are flat-top, spire-top, hard-topped, and soft-topped.

Flat tops are mostly hard tires lined with cotton. Most of the spires are soft tires, and they can be folded and hidden in pockets when not worn. The "knots" on the hat are all braided with red silk threads, and there are mourning black or white.

The size of the knot can change over time. Once advocating cherry-like knots, they turned to popular knots. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were also no hat knots, instead of coral, crystal, beads, etc.

In the middle of the hat rim, some are decorated with a square hat for decoration, mostly jade, but also with Bixia jewelry. Sifang Pingding Towel is also known as "square scarf", a kind of square soft hat issued in the early Ming Dynasty. The hat worn by officials and Confucian scholars is made of black leno, and its shape is square at all four corners, so it is also called "four-cornered square scarf".

Wearing this kind of scarf and hat, the clothing can be worn casually, and it is not as strict as other clothing regulations. By the end of the Ming Dynasty, with the evolution of the clothing system, the form of this scarf and hat also changed greatly. "Reading the World":

In civilian clothes, from the official to the student, they all wear square scarves. ......After the scarf style is changed, high or low, or square or flat, or imitation of the Jin and Tang Dynasties, or from the time system, always Fei Shilin does not dare to obey. Those who are not gentlemen and wear or intend to be gentlemen must also be the children of gentlemen.

Otherwise, the doctor is also a star. "There is also a kind of unified river and mountain scarf, and I can't find the information for the time being!

I believe there will be a lot of people with this question. But I suggest that the landlord type the words Spring Festival Encyclopedia in the homepage, that is, look up the Spring Festival in the encyclopedia, and you will find a lot of relevant information. Eat dumplings and put.

The fifteenth day of the first lunar month is the first full moon day of the year, and this day is called "Lantern Festival" or "Yuan Xi". In the Song Dynasty, the imperial court attached great importance to this festival, and the people would also compete to celebrate this festival, which was very lively.

1. Holiday to enjoy the moon and lanterns.

The Lantern Festival holiday, also known as "putting lanterns", is to open the city gates, lift the curfew, and allow urban and rural residents to enjoy the lanterns all night. This custom of watching lanterns existed in the Tang Dynasty, and at the beginning of the Song Dynasty, the Shangyuan Lantern Festival was three days, that is, the first month.

Ten. Four, ten.

V.XVI. Later, in the fifth year of Qiande (967), the country was stable, and the valley was abundant, so it was renewed.

Ten. Seven and eighteen night lights, so the five night lights of Shangyuan became a system.

We can also find accounts in a variety of literary works. For example, Xin Qiji's "Qingyu Case Yuan Xi" records the scene of people enjoying lanterns and celebrating on the night of the Lantern Festival. Among them, "the light of the jade pot turns, and the fish and dragon stool dance all night" writes the lively scene of brilliant lights, prosperous singing and dancing, and many tourists on the night of the New Year's Eve.

Moreover, the women who "watch the lights and see the flowers" wear ornaments such as "moths", "snow willows" and "**wisps" on their heads, all of them are dressed up beautifully, and the festive atmosphere lingers on their faces.

There is also "Water Margin" also roughly depicts the lively scene of the Lantern Festival in the Song Dynasty, such as the record in the sixty-sixth chapter: "According to the Tokyo style, the all-night can't be stopped, from thirteen to seventeen, and the lanterns are put on for five nights." ”

2. Eat gnocchi, tadpole flour and candied rice dumplings.

The Song Dynasty already had a Lantern Festival, the raw materials and practices are similar to now, they are all made of glutinous rice as a skin and bean paste as a filling, boiled and eaten in a pot, they call it "soup ball", "sand ball", "floating round".

However, at that time, the Lantern Festival was not popular, and in the small and medium-sized cities and rural areas in the north, people ate tadpole powder and sugar seeds. Tadpole flour is made of wheat flour or mung bean flour to make a batter, boiled in a pot, mixed with marinade and green vegetables, because the shape resembles a tadpole, so it is called tadpole powder. Sugar dumplings are a time-honored sweet snack made with flour and brown sugar kneaded into long strips, fried in an oil pan, and skewered with bamboo skewers, like today's sugar gourds.

Zheng Wang, a Song man, said: "Bianzhong diet, Shangyuan Youyan." It is the custom of Kaifeng in the Northern Song Dynasty to eat sugar on the fifteenth Lantern Festival of the first lunar month.