What are the ancient Chinese studies in China, and what are the aspects of Chinese studies?

I recommend you to read The Hundred Schools of Pre-Qin Princes.

Sinology includes ancient Chinese philosophy, history, religion, literature, etiquette, evidence, ethics, traditional Chinese medicine, agriculture, mathematics, geography, politics, economy, calligraphy and painting, architecture and many other aspects.

Sinology is based on the classics of the pre-Qin dynasty and the hundred schools of thought, covering a unique and complete cultural and academic system such as the classics of the Han Dynasty, the metaphysics of the Wei and Jin dynasties, the Taoism of the Sui and Tang dynasties, the science of the Song and Ming dynasties, the practical studies of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the pre-Qin poetry, Han Fu, the six dynasties, the poetry of the Tang and Song dynasties, the Yuan qu and the Ming and Qing dynasties.

The concept of "Chinese Studies" has existed in Chinese history, in "Zhou Li", and in "Book of Han", "Book of Later Han", and "Book of Jin", there is the concept of "Chinese Studies". There were also in the Tang Dynasty, you see that there is a - now it is also called - White Deer Cave Academy, this academy was first built by Zhu Xi in the Southern Song Dynasty, and became one of the "four major academies" at that time.

Recently, everyone should have heard of the term "Chinese Studies", in recent years, with the growing strength of our country, Chinese Studies has become a trend both in our country and in the world, but what is Chinese Studies? Basically, the vast majority of people are half-understood, and now many parents will let their children learn Chinese culture from an early age, not only to give their children access to excellent national culture, but also to improve their children's cultural literacy and moral quality.

As far as the concept of Chinese culture is concerned: ancient Chinese history, philosophy, geography, politics, economy, and even calligraphy and painting, Yixue, mathematics, medicine, astrology, architecture, etc. all belong to the category of Chinese culture. No matter what kind of discipline it is, it can be like a big tree, extending a lot of knowledge from the smallest branches.

Of course, the most basic thing is, of course, our broad and profound Chinese culture.

Although the content of Chinese culture is extensive, it can actually reflect the will of our country, which can allow us to have better cultural self-confidence and cultural literacy, just as Zhang Zai passed down to future generations, "Establish a heart for heaven and earth, establish a life for the people, continue to learn for the saints, and open peace for all generations".

In addition to inheriting our traditional Chinese culture, the existence of Chinese culture is at a deeper level to guide and establish our correct outlook on life and values, from self-cultivation and family unity to governing the country and leveling the world.

In Chinese history, "Guoxue" refers to the official school headed by "Guozijian".

The concept of "Chinese Studies" has existed in Chinese history, in "Zhou Li", and in "Book of Han", "Book of Later Han", and "Book of Jin", there is the concept of "Chinese Studies". There were also in the Tang Dynasty, you see that there is a - now it is also called - White Deer Cave Academy, this academy was first built by Zhu Xi in the Southern Song Dynasty, and became one of the "four major academies" at that time. But before Zhu Xi, this place was not called White Deer Cave Academy, but "White Deer Cave Chinese Studies".

What does White Deer Cave Sinology mean? It's a school. It can be seen that in Chinese history, the concept of "national studies" exists, and the term "national studies" exists, but the so-called "national studies" has always referred to the meaning of "national schools".

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the Zhongdu Guozixue was established, and later changed to the Guozijian, which was in charge of the decree of the training of all students of Guoxue. Guozijian has teaching subjects such as etiquette, music, law, archery, royalty, calligraphy, and mathematics.

Guozijian, a "national university" established by the Yuan Dynasty.

What is Chinese Studies? What is included in the Chinese Sinology? The essence of the strategic pattern is the pattern of the boss, and the Nanbai classes are not the same and very vivid, so that we can know how entrepreneurs can have a balanced real success, carry forward the wisdom of Chinese culture, and create a win-win situation of career success, wonderful life and social harmony.

Nanbai leads us to appreciate the essence of oriental wisdom.

Sinology arose in the early 20th century, flourished in the 20s, and had it in the 80s"Roots"Hot, nineties"Chinese Studies"The fever has risen again so far, and it is all the reflection and face of traditional culture today. Today, it is a repositioning of traditional culture in today's China and the world's diverse cultures.

Chinese Studies"First, it was born in the historical period of Western learning and cultural transformation. As for the definition of Chinese culture, strictly speaking, so far, the academic community has not given us a unified and clear definition. Famous people have different opinions, and there is no consensus.

It is generally said that Deng Shi, a nationalist faction, wrote in 1906:"Chinese scholar Ho? All the learning in a country.

There is land and life is on it, because it becomes a country, and those who have a country have their learning. Those who learn from one country should learn from one country for national use, and govern one country for the sake of self-government. "Mr. Deng's concept of Sinology is very broad, but it mainly emphasizes the applicability of Sinology.

Generally speaking, Sinology refers to traditional Chinese culture and scholarship with Confucianism as the main body. Since Sinology is Chinese traditional culture and academics, it undoubtedly includes medicine, drama, calligraphy and painting, astrology, mathematics, etc., which of course belong to the category of Sinology, but it can also be said to be an extension of Sinology.

Chinese studies should be divided into philosophy, history, religion, literature, etiquette, evidence, ethics, editions, etc., among which Confucian philosophy is the mainstream; In terms of ideology, it should be divided into the pre-Qin Zhuzi, Confucianism, Taoism, and interpretation, etc., Confucianism runs through and dominates the history of Chinese thought, and the other columns are subordinate; Sinology is divided into four parts: classics, history, sub-sections, and collections, but the classics and sub-departments are the most important, especially the scriptures.

Sinology is based on the pre-Qin classics and the hundred schools of thought of Zhuzi, covering a complete set of cultural and academic systems such as the classics of the two Han Dynasty, the metaphysics of the Wei and Jin dynasties, the Taoism of the Sui and Tang dynasties, the science of the Song and Ming dynasties, the practical studies of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the pre-Qin poetry, Han Fu, the six dynasties, the poetry of the Tang and Song dynasties, the Yuan qu and the Ming and Qing dynasties.

Sinology is mainly divided into "Four Libraries", which divides Sinology into four categories: classics, history, sub-books, and collections.

It mainly includes:

1. "Jing" refers to ancient classics, such as "Book of Changes", "Book of Songs", "Book of Filial Piety", "Analects", "Mencius", etc., and later added a little work on language exegesis, such as "Erya".

2. "History" refers to some historiographical works, including general histories, such as Sima Qian's "Historical Records", Zheng Qiao's "General Chronicles", such as Ban Gu's "Book of Han", Chen Shou's "Three Kingdoms", Ouyang Xiu's "History of the New Five Dynasties", etc.; political history, such as Sima Guang's "Zizhi Tongjian"; The institutional history of the cultural relics and canons is detailed, such as Du You's "General Dictionary", Ma Duanlin's "General Examination of Literature", etc.; Chronicles centered on the region.

3. "Zi" refers to the anthology of characters who founded a doctrine or school in Chinese history. For example, Confucianism's "Xunzi", Legalism's "Han Feizi" and "Shangjunshu", Bingjia's "Sun Tzu", Taoism's "Laozi" and "Zhuangzi".

4. "Collection" is a collection of literati and scholars in history and a collection of personal writings. The individual is called "other collections", such as "Li Taibai Collection", "Wang Jinggong Collection", etc.; Collections such as "Zhaoming Anthology", "Yutai New Song" and so on. Some ancient drama works not included in the four libraries, such as "The Palace of Eternal Life", "The Legend of the West Chamber", and belong to the collection department.

The term "national studies" has existed since ancient times. "Zhou Li. Chun Guan.

Musician": "The musician is in charge of the politics of national learning, in order to teach the country to dance. "Sun Yi let "Zhou Li.

Justice": "Scholar of the country, in the city of the palace left elementary school also. The "national studies" of the Zhou Dynasty were only the "schools for the children of the nobility" run by the state.

Guoxue, also known as Guoxue, can be translated as "guoxue" (transliteration), "sinology" (paraphrase, referring to Chinese studies, sinology, which is controversial because it is not different from Han studies). In a narrow sense, it refers to traditional Chinese thought, culture and scholarship based on Confucianism, including the hundred schools of thought in ancient times. In a broad sense, it is mainly based on Hu Shi:

All the past history and culture of China" refers to a set of unique and complete cultural and academic systems based on the pre-Qin classics and Zhuzi Studies, covering (Han and Han Dynasty) classics, Wei and Jin metaphysics, (Sui and Tang Dynasties) Buddhism, (Song and Ming) science and contemporaneous Han Fu, Six Dynasties Punwen, (Tang and Song Dynasty) poems, Yuan Qu) and (Ming and Qing dynasties)** and the historiography of the past dynasties. Therefore, the outstanding cultural and academic achievements of ancient and modern China, including history, thought, philosophy, geography, politics, economy, calligraphy and painting, mathematics, medicine, astrology, architecture, etc., are all covered by Chinese culture. In addition, Guoxue also refers to schools, such as Taixue and Guozijian.

Sinology is also a kind of science, which emerged at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, and flourished in the 1920s. In short, Sinology is Chinese Studies, which is China's excellent traditional civilization. Since then, the dynasty has changed, and the Chinese culture has gradually evolved from a primary school to a higher education institution.

Something unique to China can be called Guoxue, the term Guoxue ** Qing Dynasty was put forward by Kang Youwei for a generation.

Sinology involves a wide range of studies, mainly the study of ancient Chinese philosophy, intellectual history, language, literature, historical books, science and technology, catalogue editions and other knowledge, modern famous Sinology masters include Zhang Taiyan, Liu Shipei, Liang Qichao, Wang Guowei, Luo Zhenyu, Hu Shi, Chen Yinke, Huang Jigang, Zhu Xizu, Wen Yiduo, Tang Yijie, Cai Shangsi, Gu Jiegang, Zhang Dainian, Jiang Liangfu, Ren Jiyu, Zhu Jihai, etc.

In a nutshell. Before the Westernization Movement of the Qing Dynasty, what the Chinese people studied can be called Chinese studies.

What is unique to China can be called Chinese culture.

The meaning of "Chinese culture" refers to the ideological system that uses traditional Chinese cultural classics as the carrier to express the traditional social values and moral ethics of the Chinese nation.

Hanshu. The Art and Literature Chronicle has a basic classification of Chinese culture, which is divided into six parts. These six parts constitute the predecessor of Chinese culture.

Part I: Six Arts. It refers to the six classics of "Poems", "Books", "Rites", "Music", "Yi" and "Spring and Autumn".

The six arts have the big six arts and the small six arts. The six arts are six techniques: etiquette, music, archery, royalty, mathematics, and art, which are specific to cultivate people's personality and various skills.

The Great Six Arts are the Six Classics. At all times, the scriptures are always at the top of the list. This is the spirit of China, and it is a very important thing in the spirit of Chinese culture.

Part II: The Hundred Schools of Thought. The princes are like the princes who accompany the emperor when he travels, and each performs his own duties.

The sons of Confucianism, Taoism, Moism, Legalism, Celebrity, Yin and Yang, Farmers, Zongheng, ** and so on. Sinology is the core of Chinese civilization, and there are classics such as "Yellow Emperor Yin Fu Jing", "Laozi", "Zhuangzi", "Yu Ion" and "Sushu" in the past dynasties.

Part III: Poetry. Poetry and fu are not the same, they are two different genres. Hanshu. "There is "Poetry and Rhythm" in the Art and Literature Journal. In ancient times, talents can be endowed by ascending to the heights, and we are not as good as the ancients.

Part IV: The Book of War. The Book of War is a very important part of the classification of ancient knowledge, and the number of techniques and square techniques discussed later are regarded as practical and rational.

Part 5: Numbers. For example, "Zhou Yi" as a divination.

Part 6: Fang Technique. Intrafacial surgery and medical techniques are all square techniques.

Sinology refers to traditional Chinese culture and scholarship with Confucianism as the main body.

Including medicine, drama, calligraphy and painting, astrology, mathematics and so on.

Sinology is a synthesis of ability, achievement and learning based on spirit and philosophy, with self-cultivation as the means, with the imperial examination system as the institutional guarantee, and with knowledge books as the appearance.

The spirit is the spirit of the representative slogan of "establishing a heart for heaven and earth, establishing a life for the people, continuing to learn for the saints, and opening peace for all generations".

Philosophy is a philosophy based on the Book of Changes and the Tao Te Ching.

Self-cultivation and mind cultivation is based on Taoist qigong and Buddhist practice.

Knowledge books are books represented by the Four Books and Five Classics and the Four Library Books after Confucianism became the only one.

The imperial examination system established a stable social structure with class, power, and interests at its core.

Knowledge books are books represented by the Four Books and Five Classics and the Four Library Books after Confucianism became the only one.

Differences: China's tendency to be idealistic, overseas's tendency to materialism.