What is Sinan used for? What is Sinan s profile?

The ancestor of the compass appeared around the Sengoku period. It is made with natural magnets. It looks like a soup spoon with a round bottom, which can be placed on a smooth "turf" and balanced, and can be rotated freely.

When it is stationary, the handle of the spoon points south. The ancients called it "Sinan", and there was it in the book "Han Feizi" at that time: "The first king established Sinan to end the day and night."

"Duan Chaoxi" is the meaning of the square and the direction. The application of Sinan is recorded in "Guiguzi", and Zheng Guoren brought Sinan with him when he picked jade to ensure that he did not lose his way.

In the Spring and Autumn Period, people have been able to sharpen nephrite and jadeite with a hardness of 5 to 7 degrees into various shapes of utensils, so they can also make Sinan from natural magnets with a hardness of only a degree to a degree. Wang Chong of the Eastern Han Dynasty made a clear record of the shape and usage of Sinan in his book "On Balance". Sinan is made of a whole piece of natural magnet after pondering into a spoon shape, the spoon handle guide pole, and make the center of gravity of the whole spoon just fall to the middle of the spoon bottom, the spoon is placed in the smooth ground, the outside of the ground is square and the inside is round, and there are four dimensions of dry branches engraved around it, synthesizing twenty-four directions.

This design was completed by the ancients after careful observation of many phenomena related to magnetism in nature, accumulated a lot of knowledge and experience, and completed after long-term research. The emergence of Sinan is a practical application of people's understanding of the polarity of magnets. However, Sinan also has many defects, the natural magnet is not easy to find, and it is easy to lose magnetism due to blow and heat during processing.

Therefore, Sinan's magnetism is relatively weak, and its contact with the ground must be very smooth, otherwise it will be difficult to rotate due to excessive rotational friction resistance, and the expected guide effect cannot be achieved. Moreover, Sinan has a certain volume and weight, which is very inconvenient to carry, which may be the main reason why Sinan has not been widely used for a long time.

Sinan is composed of a bronze plate and a magnetic spoon made of natural magnets, the bronze plate is engraved with 24 directions, and the magnetic spoon is placed on the circular surface in the center of the plate, and when it is stationary, the tail of the spoon points to the south.

It is an instrument used to identify the direction in ancient China.

It's the ancient compass

Sinan is as follows:

The compass, called Sinan in ancient times, is mainly composed of a magnetic needle mounted on an axis, the magnetic needle can rotate freely under the action of the natural geomagnetic field and remain in the tangent direction of the magnetic meridian, the south pole of the magnetic needle points to the geographical south pole (magnetic field North Pole), and the direction can be discerned by using this performance.

It is commonly used in navigation, geodesy, travel and military applications. There are three types of components for the compass that physically indicates the direction, namely the Sinan, the compass and the magnetic needle, all of which belong to Chinese inventions. According to the records of the "Ancient Mine Record", it first appeared in the Cishan area during the Warring States Period.

The compass is the result of the understanding of magnetism by the ancient Chinese working people in long-term practice. As one of the four great inventions of ancient China, its invention has played an immeasurable role in the development of human science and technology and civilization. In ancient China, the compass was first used for rituals, ceremonies, military affairs, divination and feng shui to determine directions.

The earth is a big magnet. The two poles of the Earth are close to the geographic south pole and the geographic north pole, respectively. When the magnets on the earth's surface can rotate freely, they will indicate north and south due to the nature of magnets that are repelled by the same sex and attracted by opposites - this truth, the ancients did not understand enough; But this kind of phenomenon has been discovered by the ancients.

In China's orientation culture, it has gone through three stages, from astronomical method positioning, then to magnetic method to make Sinan, and finally from Sinan to compass, followed by the continuous improvement of azimuth determination technology.

Sinan is an instrument used to identify the direction in ancient China, and it is the invention of the ancient Chinese working people in the long-term practice of understanding the magnetic properties of objects. According to the records of the "Ancient Mine Record", it first appeared in the area of Cishan in Hebei during the Warring States Period.

According to modern archaeologists, it is speculated that natural magnetite is carved into a spoon-shaped thing and placed on a smooth plate, on which the direction is engraved, and the direction can be discerned by using the role of a magnet guide. At present, the only physical object found is in Chengdu, Sichuan. It is the ancestor of the compass used today.

Now the code of conduct is figurative; Correct guidance.

The traditional view is that Sinan is the earliest compass invented by the Chinese working people in the Han Dynasty and even the Warring States Period, and it is not a modern compass in the true sense. According to the records of the "Ancient Mine Record", it first appeared in the area of Cishan in Hebei Province (now Cishan in Handan City, Hebei Province) during the Warring States Period. Sinan's invention is the result of the understanding of the magnetism of objects by the ancient working people of China in the long-term practice.

As a result of productive labor, people came into contact with magnetite and began to understand the properties of magnetism. People first discovered the property of magnets to attract iron, and later discovered the directivity of magnets. After many experiments and research, a practical compass was finally invented.

The earliest compass was made of natural magnets, which shows that the ancient Chinese working people discovered natural magnets and their iron absorption properties very early. According to ancient records, as far back as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, due to the great change period of the transition from a slave society to a feudal society, the productive forces have developed greatly, especially agricultural production, which has promoted the development of mining and smelting industries. In the long-term production practice, people know magnets from iron ore.

The earliest compass was Sinan.

The ancestor of the compass appeared around the Warring States period, and it was made of natural magnets. It looks like a soup spoon with a round bottom, can be placed on a smooth "turf" and is balanced, and can be rotated freely. When it is stationary, the handle of the spoon will point south, which is called Sinan.

The dough is ground with a natural magnet, the bottom of the spoon is spherical, the spoon is oval, and the handle of the spoon gradually shrinks into a column. In order to determine the direction, it is also equipped with a "site", which is a copper or lacquered wooden plate, ** is a smooth round groove, the shape may be an inner circle and an outer square, and the frame is engraved with a directional scale, with "dry", "branch" (i.e., A, B, C, D, ......Hezi, Chou, Yin, Mao ......and gossip and so on indicate the twenty-four directions. When it will be cast on the turf**, its shank will roughly stop in the direction of the guide.

Ancient folk often used thin iron leaves to cut into the shape of a fish, that is, the guide fish, which is more convenient than using Sinan, it does not need to make a smooth copper plate, as long as there is a bowl of water. Even if the bowl with water is placed unevenly, it will not affect the effect of the guide, because the water surface in the bowl is flat. Moreover, because the friction of liquid is less than that of solid, it is more flexible to turn, so it is more sensitive and accurate than Sinan.

In the book "On Balance" written by Wang Chong, it is written that "the ladle of Sinan is thrown into the ground, and its guide is guided".

The south pole (S pole) of the magnet is ground into a long handle, placed on a smooth mirror-like chassis made of bronze, and then cast with directional engravings. When this magnetic spoon stops rotating on the chassis, the direction of the spoon handle is due south, and the direction of the spoon mouth is due north, which is traditionally considered to be the world's earliest magnetic guide instrument, called Sinan. Among them, "division" means "to refer to".

It is an instrument used to identify the direction in ancient China. The natural magnetite ore is carved into a scoop-shaped Sinan thing, placed on a smooth disk, the plate is engraved with directions, and the direction can be identified by using the role of the magnet guide, which is the ancestor of the compass used now.

Sinan's principle is the principle of the compass. The Earth is a large magnet with its geomagnetic south pole near the geographic north pole and the geomagnetic north pole near the geographic south pole.

The compass is affected by the magnetic force in the earth's magnetic field, so it will guide one end and point north at the other.

The earliest form of Sinan compass is called Sinan, the Eastern Han Dynasty Wang Chong (AD 27 about 97) "On Balance" volume 17 is the fifty-second "Sinan of the scoop, cast on the ground, its guide to the principle" He can only say "also nature", although this record is not the earliest, but the earliest clearly stated one. Sinan has pointed to the use of there should be no objection, but the specific shape is controversial, early researchers judged that the natural magnet is a spoon with the site, although there is unearthed Han land and Henan Nanyang Eastern Han Tomb unearthed stone carving Sinan spoon map evidence, but after all, there is no complete cooperation unearthed, recently someone has studied the "Sinan Ladle" ladle word is really a discretion, then it seems that the "its guide to the spoon" of the 柢 is not a spoon handle, "Drink" meaning: The original meaning: pour wine, sheng wine line also.

Said the text" The corpse rises, sit and take the knight's drink. "Etiquette: There is a Priest". Wine is said to be clear.

"Liji Quli" Consider and choose what is good "The Legend of the Spring and Autumn Ram" Duke of Yu (Chinese New Year's Eve 33) "Who is the beggar? Wherever it is, please also. Where is it, please and what can I do?

Cover it too. Consider the past and the present and subtract it. Qing Hong Liangji's "Zhiping Chapter".

The meaning of "柢" is: root, root, and root. "Erya Commentary" The reason why this is the reason for the establishment of life. "Han Feizi Xie Lao" Pan Mu Genzhen. "Hanshu Zou Yang Biography".

Although it cannot be denied that Wang Chong had "magnet for the spoon with the territory" Sinan, but Wang Chong understands that Sinan is likely to be a kind of water floating Sinan, it is precisely because Huaxia is the original invention of Sinan that Sinan has many improved forms, such as the edge of the back, silk suspension, water float, spire, etc., the earliest record of navigation use is: Song Hui Zong Xuanhe first year (1119) "Pingzhou can talk" "Boat master knows geography, night is stargazing, day is sun, obscure compass". This is in contrast to 1207 English A

Neckam's "On Instruments" says almost the same: "When the clouds cover the sun during the day, or when it is dark at night, the iron needle is rubbed with a magnet, and the needle is stopped to guide the north," and the first compasses were recorded in France and a little later in Italy at about the same time as England. In addition, the water float south can also be suitable for navigation, because the small size is not as easy to splash as some people think, recently found in Qingdao and Hainan Ming Dynasty porcelain water float south, the size is as large as:

maximum outer diameter cm; There are concentric circles with water in centimeters, hole depths in centimeters, blue and white glaze painting scales on the periphery, the base and four walls are thick and solid, it is estimated that it is to go to the water collection, and add water when you use it. The basic principle of modern liquid compasses is similar, but the sealing technology has been improved.

Sinan Sinan is the earliest compass invented in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in China to indicate the direction of north and south, and it is not yet a compass. As early as more than 2,000 years ago in the Han Dynasty (206 BC and 220 AD), the Chinese discovered that a stone on the mountain had the magical property of absorbing iron, and found that a long stone could guide the north, and they called this stone magnet. Ancient skilled craftsmen polished and chiseled the magnet into a spoon shape, placed it on a smooth mirror-like chassis made of bronze, and cast it with directional carvings.

When this magnetic spoon stops rotating on the chassis, the direction of the spoon handle is due south, and the direction of the spoon mouth is due north, which is the world's earliest instrument invented by our ancestors to indicate the direction, called Sinan. Sinan's "division" means "to point". According to the records in the book "Han Feizi" in the Spring and Autumn Period and the book "On Balance" written by the thinker Wang Chong in the Eastern Han Dynasty, as well as the research of modern scientific stone examiners and the Sinan model made, it is shown that Sinan is made of natural magnets (known as Cishi in ancient times, and the phenomenon of magnet iron absorption is described with love) to make a soup spoon, and its spoon handle indicates the south.

In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there are records about Cishi in the book "Guanzi" and "The Classic of Mountains and Seas", and in the book "Guiguzi" and "Lü's Spring and Autumn Period" in this period, there are further records of Cishi absorbing iron. This is arguably the earliest magnetic compass in ancient times, and Sinan's model is now on display at the Chinese History Museum in Beijing and many other museums. It is said that the Yellow Emperor (about the 47th century BC) and the Duke of Zhou of the Western Zhou Dynasty (about the 21st century BC) made and used the guide car, but after later literature research and model making tests, it has been proved that the guide car has nothing to do with the compass, and the guide car after the Han Dynasty relied on the mechanical structure rather than the magnetic guide.

A model of a guide car is also on display at the Chinese History Museum in Beijing.