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Crane safety device.

crane safety device

A device to prevent the crane from being damaged in an unexpected situation. In addition to the commonly used electrical protection devices, sound signals and color lights on the crane, there are a variety of other safety devices.

Travel switch A safety device to prevent the various moving mechanisms of the crane from exceeding the limit position. When the various kinematics reach the limit position, the travel switch is touched, thus cutting off the power supply.

Buffer devices and anti-collision devices are used to absorb the kinetic energy when the crane or trolley hits the terminal gear when the switch fails. This device widely uses rubber, spring and hydraulic shock absorbers, where the hydraulic shock absorber is used on cranes or trolleys with high working speeds (such as trolleys for carrying bridges), which can absorb large energy in the event of impact. Photoelectric anti-collision devices are also installed on some cranes to avoid collisions between two running cranes on the same track.

Its simple principle (see figure) is: when two cranes approach to a certain safe distance, the light wave emitted by the light emitter of crane A is received by the light receiver of crane B, and an electrical signal is generated through the photocell, after waveform shaping and amplification, the relay acts, and the buzzer sends out an alarm and automatically cuts off the power supply of the running mechanism. The two cranes should be equipped with one set each and interact with each other.

Windproof device A device to prevent the crane from being blown or blown down by strong winds, mainly including crane rail clamp and crane anchor. Large cranes operating in ports are often equipped with both rail clamps and anchors. The rail clamp works when the crane is stopped or the wind increases to a certain level; The anchor is operated by the driver before the storm.

The rail clamp is not as windproof as the anchor.

Lifting weight limiter can make the weight of the lifting weight not exceed the specified value, there are two types: mechanical and electronic. Mechanically, using the spring-lever principle; The electronic type usually detects the lifting weight by the pressure sensor, and the lifting mechanism cannot be started when the allowable lifting capacity is exceeded. The lifting weight limiter can also be used as a lifting weight indicator.

The lifting moment limiter can make the lifting moment (the product of the gravity and amplitude of the lifting object) of the boom crane not exceed the specified value, and can receive the lifting weight change signal and the amplitude change signal at the same time. The two signals are combined and amplified by electronic instruments to achieve electrical interlocking with the lifting and luffing mechanism to prevent the crane from overturning.

Deflection limiter When the long-span crane (generally more than 50 meters, such as the carrier bridge and the large portal crane for shipbuilding) is inconsistent on both sides, it is easy to deflect and increase the running resistance, so that the connecting structure of the bridge and the outrigger bears additional load. In this case, a deflection limiter is usually installed on the upper part of the flexible legs. The relative rotation between the crane bridge and the outrigger can be through the movement of the boom or gear pair, so that the cam or bump touches the control switch, and when the crane reaches a certain value of the maximum deflection (generally three thousandths to five thousandths of the crane span), the power supply can be cut off or automatically corrected.

Crane safety knowledge includes a lot, including equipment maintenance, electrical maintenance, mechanical maintenance, driver operation, etc., which one of the aspects have professional requirements, the national GB6067-85 provisions are quite comprehensive, according to the details of the unit, combined with the national standard to develop the unit's standards, that is, for the specific situation of the unit and do not violate the facts, the others are just our reference.

The crane is inseparable from the wire rope, the commonly used wire rope varieties are phosphate-coated wire rope, galvanized wire rope, stainless steel wire rope or plastic-coated wire rope, used in the atmospheric environment, the patented technology produces the longest service life of the manganese phosphate coated wire rope, and the hot-dip galvanized - phosphating double-coated wire rope is preferred in heavy corrosive environments.

The phosphate coated wire rope produced by the patented technology gives priority to the use of manganese or zinc-manganese phosphating, compared with the smooth wire rope production process, but the final wear-resistant phosphating treatment process is added, and the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the rope wire are greatly improved. At present, the fatigue test data shows that the fatigue life of phosphate-coated wire rope is about 3 times that of the same structure smooth wire rope (under comparable laboratory conditions), and there is a possibility of significant improvement with the research on wear-resistant phosphating formula. Manganese phosphating is wear-resistant phosphating, which can solve the wear problem during the use of wire rope, for reference only.