Why can t I have a blood transfusion if I don t have a blood type?

In the 19th century, humans didn't know what blood type was, the patient needed a blood transfusion, and all healthy people could be transfused to him. As a result, many patients who were transfused with blood deteriorated rapidly, and many died inexplicably. This phenomenon has attracted the attention of many people.

After countless experiments, in 1902, the Austrian pathologist Rantsteiner completely revealed the secret of blood, proposed the concept of blood type, and divided human blood into four categories: type O, type A, type B and type AB.

It is now known that blood transfusions between people with incompatible blood types can cause blood agglutination reactions, causing red blood cells to deform and cause life-threatening injuries. This is because plasma contains lectins that act as adhesives, and red blood cells contain agglutines that can be bonded. The agglutination is divided into two types, a and b; Lectins are also divided into 2 types, and PA and A, B and P are two pairs of enemies, and when combined together, they will fight and produce agglutination reactions.

Blood type A should not be transfused to patients with blood type B, when the transfused red blood cells contain prolectin A, which will bind to the lectin A present in the plasma of patients with blood type B.

In the same way, blood type B should not be transfused to patients with blood type A, because the red blood cells of blood type B contain agglutinin B, and when it touches the lectin P in the plasma of patients with blood type A, it will be dangerous, resulting in a coagulation reaction.

The red blood cells of type 0 blood do not contain agglutination and will not be agglutinated by any type of plasma, so they can be transported to patients with other blood types, so type O blood is also known as "universal blood".

The plasma of AB blood type does not contain any lectins, and it cannot agglutinate red blood cells of foreign types of blood, so it can accept any type of blood.

According to the above theory, blood type A can be transfused to people with blood type A and AB; Blood type B can be transfused to people with blood type B and AB; AB blood type can only be transfused to people with AB blood type; Blood type O can be transfused to people of all blood types. However, it is best to give blood transfusions between people of the same blood type.

Blood transfusion is one of the great achievements of modern medicine, for patients with acute heavy bleeding, or patients who are unconscious after trauma, blood transfusion has an excellent effect on resurrection.

But blood transfusion is not any two people can transfuse each other, blood type must be tested before blood transfusion, only between people with the same blood type, blood transfusion can be carried out, blood type incompatibility, after blood transfusion will cause blood agglutination reaction, red blood cells crepe deformed, like stacked Arhats together.

Why does blood group incompatibility cause agglutination? This is because plasma contains antibodies, which are chemicals that act as bonds, and red blood cells that contain antigens, another chemical that can be bonded. There are two types of antigens, A and B; There are also two types of antibodies, and .

A and , B and are two pairs of enemies, and when they meet together, they will fight—producing an agglutination reaction.

The antibodies contained in the plasma transfused during blood transfusion are diluted by a large amount of plasma in the patient's body, and are quickly destroyed, and will not make waves. When red blood cells contain antigen A and plasma contains antibodies, it is type A; When red blood cells contain antigen B and plasma contains antibodies, it is type B; Red blood cells contain both antigen A and antigen B, and when there is no antibody in the plasma, they are type AB; Red blood cells do not contain any antigens, and when there are antibodies in the plasma and both in the blood cell, it is called type O.

It can be seen that the blood of the human body itself does not automatically coagulate, because here A and , B and the two pairs of enemies do not have the opportunity to meet together; Blood type A can not be transfused to patients with blood type B, because at this time, the red blood cells transfused contain agglutination in the plasma of patients with agglutination and blood type B.

Because the red blood cells of blood type O do not contain any agglutinators, they will not be agglutinated by any type of plasma, so they can be transfused to people of any blood type, no wonder it has the title of "universal blood transfusion".

The plasma of AB blood type does not contain any kind of lectin, and does not agglutinate any type of foreign red blood cells, so it can accept any type of blood, so it is also called "all-suitable blood recipient".

Of course, blood transfusions between the same blood types can occur without causing agglutination reactions.

Blood transfusions can bring the dead back to life, but they can also be life-threatening, so be sure to test your blood type before you have a blood transfusion.

A long time ago, human beings did not know that there was such a thing as blood type, and patients needed blood transfusions, and any healthy person could transfuse them, but in this way, many patients who received blood transfusions quickly deteriorated their condition and even died inexplicably. This phenomenon has attracted the attention of scientists, who are keenly aware that the blood must contain some unknown substances, which is the root cause of blood transfusion accidents.

After countless experiments, it was not until 1902 that the Austrian pathologist Rantsteiner finally uncovered the secret of blood, put forward the concept of blood type, and divided human blood into four categories: type A, type B, type AB and type O.

We now know that blood transfusions between people with incompatible blood types can cause blood clotting reactions, causing red blood cells to shrink and deform, which can be life-threatening. This is because plasma contains lectins that act as adhesives, while red blood cells contain lectins that can be bonded. There were 2 agglutination species, a and b; There are also 2 kinds of lectins, and .

A and , B and are two pairs of enemies, and when they meet together, they will fight, twist together to produce a agglutination reaction.

During blood transfusion, the lectin contained in the transfused plasma is diluted by a large amount of plasma in the patient's body, and is quickly destroyed, and will not make waves.

Human blood types are divided into 4 types: type A, type B, type AB and type O: when red blood cells contain prolectin A and plasma contains lectin, it is type A; When red blood cells contain prolectin A and plasma contains lectin, it is type A; When red blood cells contain prolectin B and plasma contains lectin, it is type B; Red blood cells contain prolectins A and B, and plasma does not contain lectins. Red blood cells do not contain agglutines, and plasma contains lectins and , which is type O.

It can be seen that in the blood of the human body itself, a and , b and two pairs of enemies have no chance to meet together; Blood type A cannot be transfused to patients with blood type B, because at this time, the transfused red blood cells containing agglutinin A will meet with the lectin present in the plasma of patients with blood type B, and in the same way, blood type B cannot be transfused to patients with blood type A, because the red blood cells of blood type B contain agglutinin B, and when it encounters the lectin in the plasma of patients with blood group A, there will also be a mess - a agglutination reaction occurs.

Because the red blood cells of blood type O do not contain any agglutination and will not be agglutinated by any type of plasma, they can be transfused to any person, so it has the title of "universal blood".

The plasma of AB blood type does not contain any kind of lectin, and does not agglutinate any type of red blood cell, so it can accept any type of blood, so theoretically it can be called a "fully suitable blood recipient".

According to the above theory, blood type A can be transfused to people with blood type A and AB; Blood type B can be transfused to people with blood type B and AB; Blood type AB can only be transfused to people of the same blood type; Blood type O can be transfused to people of any blood type. But in reality, blood transfusions are best done between people of the same blood type.

Because of incompatible blood types, blood transfusions not only do not bring the dead back to life, but can also cause fatal injuries. If the blood group is incompatible during blood transfusion, the prolectin A in the transfused blood meets the lectin in the patient's plasma, or the prolglutinin B in the transfused blood meets the lectin in the patient's plasma, the agglutination reaction will occur, causing the red blood cells to shrink and deform, causing life-threatening. Therefore, blood transfusions are not possible for blood type incompatibility.

Blood type refers to the type of antigen on the surface of blood components, including red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and so on. The blood group usually refers to the specific antigen type on the red blood cell membrane, and it is most closely related to clinical practice, and people are familiar with the red blood cell ABO blood group system and the RH blood group system.

ABO blood group is a blood group that divides blood into 4 types based on the presence or absence of antigens A and B on the red blood cell membrane. Only antigen A is type A on red blood cells, only antigen B is type B, and if there is both A and B antibodies, the principle is AB, and those without both antigens are type O. People with different blood types have different antibodies in their serum, but they do not contain antibodies against their own red blood cell antigens.

Relevant knowledge. Blood transfusions must be tested before they can be done only between people with the same blood type. If the blood group is incompatible, it will cause blood clotting reaction, which can be life-threatening in severe cases.

In an emergency, a person with AB blood type can receive any blood type, and blood type O can be transfused to a person of any blood type.

People with AB blood type may have less blood than other blood types if they need blood transfusions. Because people with AB blood type are not universal blood recipients. Although the serum of people with AB blood group does not contain anti-A and anti-B antibodies, their red blood cells contain . .

Antigen. If other blood types are transfused, it is very likely to cause transfusion reactions. Therefore, AB blood group cannot accept blood from other blood types.

Blood type O is not a universal blood, and the old notion that blood type O is a universal blood should be completely renewed. Because there is no anticoagulin A and B on type O red blood cells, type O washed red blood cells can be transfused to patients with types A, B, and AB when the main side is matched. However, the plasma of type O blood contains anti-A coagulin and anti-B coagulin, and if the red blood cell preparation containing type O plasma is transfused into the body of patients with types A, B, and AB, it will cause adverse reactions of immuno-hemolytic transfusion to varying degrees.

At present, blood transfusions of the same type are generally used in hospitals.

If the blood transfusion between heterotype people is too fast and too much, the transfusion of lectin is not diluted in time, which may cause red blood cell agglutination. Therefore, transfusions of blood of the same type should be based on the principle. Blood transfusions between heterocyte-type patients are used only as a last resort in emergency situations.

Under normal circumstances, due to the fact that there are many types of human blood group systems, for the sake of prudence, even if blood transfusion is carried out between people with the same ABO blood type, a cross-matching blood test should be carried out first, that is, not only the red blood cells of the blood donor and the serum of the recipient are tested for blood grouping, but also the red blood cells of the recipient and the serum of the donor are tested for blood grouping.

In principle, only blood of the same type I can be transfused, but in an emergency, AB can accept any blood, and type O' can be transfused to anyone.