Substances that react with glass? What kind of substance is glass

Fluorine is the most reactive non-metallic element. Fluorine and hydrogen energy are easily combined to form hydrofluoric acid. Fluorine can react with almost all elements, hydrofluoric acid inherits its properties, and also has a strong corrosiveness, and can react with most metals and non-metals.

When hydrofluoric acid encounters glass, it reacts chemically with the chemical composition of the glass

sio2+4hfsif4+2h2o

Silica, the main component of glass, reacts with hydrofluoric acid to produce volatile silicon tetrafluoride gas and water, so the glass is corroded and becomes ground glass, which is the secret of carving. Beautiful glass flowers have become a craft that embellishes people's lives.

If people want to make a graduated cylinder, when the scale on the measuring cup, just soak the graduated cylinder in the melted paraffin, then scrape off the wax on the scale position vigorously, and then apply hydrofluoric acid (or put it in hydrogen fluoride gas) for corrosion. Because hydrofluoric acid is a chemical reaction to paraffin, it is only the place where the paraffin wax is engraved on the graduated cylinder, so after the excess hydrofluoric acid and paraffin are removed, the etched scale marks will be displayed on the measuring cylinder and other instruments, so the graduated cylinder is ready.

The main component of glass is silicon dioxide (SiO2).

Fluorine F2 2F2 + SiO2 = SiF4 + O2 SiF4 (silicon tetrafluoride) is highly toxic.

Hydrogen fluoride HF 4HF + SIO2 = SIF4 + 2H2O strong base (take NaOH as an example) SiO2 + 2NaOH = Na2SiO3 + H2O

The chemical properties of silica are so stable that only hydrofluoric acid can react with glass at present.

In addition, strong alkalis can also be reflected with silica. This is why reagent bottles for storing strong alkalis should be corked instead of glass stoppers. The product of the reaction between sodium hydroxide and glass is sodium silicate (glass glue).

Categories: Education, Science, >> Science & Technology.

Problem description: Why is this chemical so stable

Analysis of He Sellun:

The main component of glass is silicon dioxide (SiO2) but it is a mixture of Puzen glass, which contains a small amount of sodium oxide (Na2O) calcium oxide (CaO).

Chemically stable because SiO2 is quite inactive albeit an acidic oxide.

However, it only reacts with a strong alkali SiO2+2NaOH==Na2SiO3+H2O (the alkaline solution container cannot be prepared with a glass stopper).

In addition, SiO2 can react with fluoride to form the gas silicon tetrafluoride: SiO2+4HF==SIF4 +2H2O

In addition, most substances are difficult to react with SiO2, so glass products are widely stored in various reagents, and it is also used as a container in daily life.

Industrially, soda ash and limestone are used to fire glass in glass kilns:

Na2CO3 + SiO2 (sand) == High temperature == Na2SiO3 + CO2

CaCO3+SiO2==High Temperature==Casio3+CO2

Among them, Nasio3 and Casio3 exist in the form of Na2O·SiO2 and CaO·SiO2 respectively, and the purer silica is obtained by removing the slag, that is, ordinary glass.

Glass has a variety of components, and ordinary glass is mainly composed of silicates, such as silicon dioxide, sodium silicate, calcium silicate, etc.

Liquids that react with glass at room temperature include:

1.Ethanol: Ethanol reacts with glass to form acetaldehyde, which can be polymerized into acetaldehyde glass, which has good thermal stability and wear resistance.

2.Sulfuric acid: Sulfuric acid reacts with glass to form calcium sulfate, which can form concrete, which has good acid resistance and corrosion resistance.

3.Hydrofluoric acid: Hydrofluoric acid reacts with glass to form sodium fluorosilicate, which can be used to prepare ultraviolet-resistant glass, which has good heat resistance and corrosion resistance.

4.Sodium bicarbonate: This sodium bicarbonate reacts with slow glass to form calcium carbonate, which can be used to prepare refractory glass, which has good heat resistance and corrosion resistance.

5.Hydrochloric acid: Hydrochloric acid reacts with glass to form calcium hydrochloride, which can be used to prepare refractory glass, which has good heat resistance and corrosion resistance.

The main components of glass are: SiO2, Na2SiO3, Casio3, so the reaction with glass is actually a reaction with these substances!

The most commonly used is hydrofluoric acid.

The fastest reaction is as follows: 4HF+SIO2=SIF4 gas +2H2ONa2SiO3 aqueous solution is called water glass.

Na2SiO3+CO2+H2O==H2SiO3 precipitation+Na2CO3 It can be seen that Na2SiO3 will become turbid when left in the air for a long time.

The others can be some alkaline substances, but the reaction will be slower at room temperature and pressure! For example, sodium hydroxide.

potassium hydroxide and so on.

The composition of the glass.

1) Ordinary glass (Na2SiO3, Casio3, SiO2 or Na2O·Cao·6SiO2).

2) Quartz glass (glass made of pure quartz as the main raw material, the composition is only SiO2).

3) Tempered glass (same composition as ordinary glass).

4) Potassium glass (K2O, CAO, SiO2).

5) Borate glass (SiO2, B2O3).

6) Tinted glass adds some metal oxides in the manufacturing process of ordinary glass. Cu2O – red; cuo – blue-green; CDO – light yellow; CO2O3 – blue; Ni2O3 - dark green; mno2 – purple; colloidal AU – red; colloidal ag – yellow).

7) Color-changing glass (high-grade colored glass with oxides of rare earth elements as colorants).

8) Optical glass (add a small amount of light-sensitive substances, such as AGCL, AGBR, etc., to the ordinary borosilicate glass raw materials, and then add a very small amount of sensitizers, such as Cuo, etc., to make the glass more sensitive to light).

9) Rainbow glass (made by adding a large amount of fluoride, a small amount of sensitizer and bromide to ordinary glass raw materials).

10) Protective glass (add appropriate auxiliary materials in the ordinary glass manufacturing process to make it have the function of preventing strong light, strong heat or radiation from penetrating and protecting personal safety.) Such as gray - dichromate, iron oxide absorbs ultraviolet rays and part of visible light; Blue-green - nickel oxide, ferrous oxide absorb infrared and some visible light; Lead glass – lead oxide absorbs X-rays and R-rays; Dark blue – dichromate, ferrous oxide, iron oxide absorbs ultraviolet, infrared, and most visible light; Cadmium oxide and boron oxide are added to absorb the neutron stream.

11) Glass-ceramic (also known as crystalline glass or glass ceramic, which is made by adding gold, silver, copper and other crystal nuclei to ordinary glass, instead of stainless steel and gemstones, as radomes and missile heads, etc.).

12) Glass fibers (fibers with a diameter of a few microns to several thousand microns drawn or blown from molten glass, with the same composition as glass).

13) Glass filament (i.e. long fiberglass).

14) FRP (reinforced plastic with a strength similar to that of steel obtained by combining epoxy resin and glass fiber.) ）

15) Cellophane (a transparent cellulose film made of viscose solution).

16) The aqueous solution of water glass (Na2SiO3), named because it is partially identical to ordinary glass).

17) Metallic glass (glassy metal, generally made by the rapid cooling of molten metal).

18) Fluorite (fluorite) (colorless transparent CaF2, used as prisms and translucents in optical instruments).

19) Plexiglass (polymethyl methacrylate).

Glass is a solid, amorphous mixture formed by cooling an electric melt. Generally, it is brittle and transparent, and the chemical composition is relatively complex, and the main component is silicate.

Ordinary glass is made of soda ash, limestone, quartz and feldspar as the main raw materials, mixed in the glass kiln melting, clarifying, homogenizing and then processed into shape, and then annealed to obtain glass products, the main component of ordinary glass is roughly cao na2o 6sio2, it is sodium phosphate, calcium silicate and silicon dioxide fused together substance. It does not have a certain melting point, softens in a certain temperature range, and can be made into products of any shape when softened. In addition to ordinary glass, there are also special glasses based on borates, phosphates, and fluorides.

Glass: a relatively transparent solid substance, which forms a continuous network structure when melted, and gradually increases in viscosity and hardens without crystallization during cooling. The composition of chemical oxides in ordinary glass (Na2O·CAO·6SIO2), the main ingredient is silicon dioxide.

It is widely used in buildings to insulate wind and light, which is a mixture.

Generally, silica glass is usually divided into oxide glass and non-oxide glass according to its main components. There are few varieties and quantities of non-oxide glass, mainly chalcogenide glass and halide glass. The anions of chalcogenide glass are mostly sulfur, selenium, tellurium, etc., which can cut off short-wavelength light and pass through yellow and red light, as well as near and far infrared light, with low resistance and switching and memory characteristics.

Halide glass has a low refractive index and low dispersion, and is mostly used as optical glass.

Oxide glass is further divided into silicate glass, borate glass, phosphate glass, etc. Silicate glass refers to glass with the basic composition of SiO2, which has many varieties and a wide range of uses. Usually according to the different contents of SiO2 and alkali metal and alkaline earth metal oxides in glass, it is divided into:

Quartz glass. SiO2 content is greater than that, low thermal expansion coefficient, high temperature resistance, good chemical stability, ultraviolet and infrared light transmission, high melting temperature, high viscosity, and difficult molding. It is mostly used in semiconductors, electric light sources, optical guide communications, lasers and other technologies and optical instruments.

High silica glass. The SiO2 content is about 96, and its properties are similar to quartz glass. Soda-lime glass.

Mainly SiO2 content, it also contains 15 Na2O and 16 CaO, which is low cost, easy to form, suitable for large-scale production, and its output accounts for 90 of practical glass. It can produce glass bottles and jars, flat glass, utensils, light bulbs, etc. Lead silicate glass.

The main components are SiO2 and PBO, which has a unique high refractive index and high volume resistance, and has good wettability with metal, which can be used to make light bulbs, vacuum core columns, crystalline glassware, flint optical glass, etc. Lead glass, which contains a large amount of PBO, blocks X-rays and rays. Aluminosilicate glass.

With SiO2 and Al2O3 as the main components, it has a high softening and deformation temperature, and is used to make discharge bulbs, high-temperature glass thermometers, chemical combustion tubes and glass fibers. Borosilicate glass. With SiO2 and B2O3 as the main components, it has good heat resistance and chemical stability, and is used in the manufacture of cooking utensils, laboratory instruments, metal welded glass, etc.

Borate glass is mainly composed of B2O3, has a low melting temperature, and is resistant to sodium vapor corrosion. Borate glass containing rare earth elements has a high refractive index and low dispersion, which is a new type of optical glass. Phosphate glass, with P2O5 as the main component, has a low refractive index and low dispersion, and is used in optical instruments.