Active immunity What does passive immunity mean?

The concepts of active immunity and passive immunity are unclear. Satisfied.

Artificial active immunity refers to allowing the body to produce immunity on its own, generally injecting antigenic substances such as inactivated viruses or inactivated bacteria to let the body produce antibodies on its own. The duration of action is longer.

Artificial passive immunity refers to the direct injection of antibodies into the body to give the body temporary immunity. The duration of action is shorter.

To determine whether the antibody is active or passive, it depends on whether the antibody is produced by the body itself or injected into it.

1. The input immune substances are different.

The immune substances of artificial active immunization are antigens (such as vaccines), and the immune effectors of artificial passive immunization are antibodies (such as immune serum, lymphokines, etc.).

2. The duration of immune maintenance is different.

The maintenance time of artificial active immunization is longer, generally several months or years, and the maintenance time of artificial passive immunization is shorter than that of Qiaoling, generally only 2 to 3 weeks.

3. The application occasions and categories are different.

Artificial active immunity is a biological product, which is mostly used to prevent infectious diseases and other diseases, so that people are actively protected from diseases. The general package of artificial active immunization includes inactivated vaccines, live attenuated vaccines, toxoids, DNA vaccines and recombinant vaccines.

Artificial passive immunization is mainly used for emergency prevention or ** in the event of an epidemic. Artificial passive immunization generally includes immune serum, human immunoglobulin, refined immunoglobulin, high-free egg yolk liquid, cytokines and monoclonal antibodies.

Passive immunity is the specific immunity obtained by the body passively receiving antibodies, sensitized lymphocytes or their products. Active immunity is also called autoimmunity. It refers to the vaccination of vaccines or toxoids into the human body to produce acquired immunity as a measure to prevent microbial infections, mainly used for prevention.

Active immunity means that the body itself is able to actively produce antibodies, thereby closing the ability to obtain immunity to diseases. Generally, the way to obtain active immunity is through the injection of vaccines, and the vaccine is the antigen, and the body's immunity system recognizes the antigen and actively produces the corresponding antibody, which can form a relatively long-term immunity.

Passive immunity means that although you can passively obtain antibodies and temporarily gain the ability to immunize diseases, you do not have the ability to produce antibodies, and the immunity you have obtained cannot be maintained. Passive immunization is obtained by exogenous injection antibodies, such as rabies immunoglobulin and tetanus immunoglobulin, which are all blood products; Like rabies serum and tetanus antitoxin, Bishu is made from animal serum.

Commonly used biological products for artificial passive immunity include antitoxin, placental globulin, antibacterial serum, immunomodulators, etc.

Unlike actively generated autoimmunity, it is characterized by its rapid effect, no need to go through the incubation period, and immunity can be obtained immediately once infusion. However, the duration is short. According to the different ways of acquisition, it can be divided into natural passive immunity and artificial passive immunity.

The former is the immunity that humans or animals passively acquire under natural circumstances.

Antitoxin is to inoculate experimental animals (usually horses) with toxoids obtained from pathogenic microorganisms many times, and after these animals produce a large number of antibodies against the toxin, the blood of the animal is used as a raw material to extract antibodies from the serum, which is called antitoxin.

Diphtheria antitoxin, tetanus and botulinum antitoxin are such biological products. At present, diphtheria and tetanus antitoxin in China are made from horses, so the first test should be done when using this xenoantitoxin to prevent the occurrence of type I hypersensitivity reaction.

Passive immunity is the specific immunity obtained by the body passively receiving antibodies, sensitized lymphocytes or their products. It is different from the active autoimmunity, which is characterized by its fast effect, no need to go through the incubation period, and immunity can be obtained immediately once infusion. However, the duration is short.

Active immunization refers to vaccination to prevent infectious diseases by giving the body specific immunity. Passive basic immunization is the use of artificial methods to inject immune serum, lymphokines, immunoglobulins, etc. into the body, so that the body can quickly obtain immunity and achieve the purpose of preventing and improving certain infectious diseases.

The two are different. 1. Whether it can produce antibodies independently is different: the use of active immunization can produce antibodies independently after vaccination, and the passive immunization population cannot produce antibodies independently;

2. Different input substances: the input of active immunity is antigens, such as vaccines, toxoids, etc. Passive immunity is input of antibodies or activated lymphocytes, cytokines and other substances;

3. Different immune production time: The immune time produced by active immunity is slow, usually 1-4 weeks. Passive immunity, on the other hand, takes a faster time to produce immunity, and can produce a talk reaction almost immediately;

4. The maintenance time of immunity is different: the maintenance time of active immunity is longer, up to half a year or several years. Passive immunity has a shorter maintenance time, usually reaching 2-3 weeks;