Who knows what pneumonic plague is? What are the symptoms of pneumonic plague and how do you get it?

Plague is caused by the fungus plague, which is the most serious infectious disease transmitted from rats to humans, and is designated as the No. 1 notifiable infectious disease in the world. It is listed as a Class A infectious disease in the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases. Plague was originally an infectious disease of rodents, and when plague was endemic among rodents, a large number of sick rats and dead rats appeared.

After the rat dies, the fleas that suck the blood of the plague bacteria on its body will leave the rat's body and find live animal blood-sucking infectious bacteria, and if it bites a person, the person will be infected with the plague disease. Plague is highly contagious and has a high mortality rate, and can be divided into bubonic plague, pneumonic plague, septicaemic plague, meningitis plague and other disease types according to the different sites of onset and pathological changes.

It can be roughly divided into two types:

The first bubonic plague spreads hematogenously to the lungs, causing pneumonia (secondary pneumonic plague), inhaling sputum and droplets from other pneumonic plague patients, and accidentally touching pus, utensils, masks, and saliva droplets and infecting (primary pneumonic plague).

The incubation period for primary pneumonic plague is usually 1 to 4 days, but acute patients may become ill within hours. The first symptoms are headache, bloodshot eyes, cough, and lethargy, although similar to common respiratory illnesses. However, it will deteriorate into pharyngitis and cervical lymphadenitis in the later stages.

Secondary pneumonic plague may cause pneumonia, mediastinitis, or pleural effusion. Pneumonic plague can die within 1 6 days, with a mortality rate of up to 95%.

Patients with pneumonic plague may also have sepsis due to pathogens invading the bloodstream.

Pneumonic plague is a kind of plague, which is a class A infectious disease as stipulated in the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, which is divided into two types: primary and secondary, mainly transmitted by droplets, with a short incubation period, and the infected person has critical symptoms of systemic poisoning and specific symptoms of respiratory tract infection. If it is not timely and effective after infection, the patient will mostly die within 2 to 3 days, and it is necessary to pay attention to rodent and flea extermination, prevent plague among animals, isolate plague cases, and prevent transmission.

Plague can be divided into two types: bubonic plague and pneumonic plague.

The incubation period is about 2 7 days.

Bubonic plague is transmitted through rat-flea bites, while pneumonic plague is transmitted through coughing and droplets.

Two plague patients transferred from Inner Mongolia have been confirmed to have pneumonic plague, which has now been effective**, and in further observation, we are relieved and at the same time we can't help but think about the differences between different types of plague.

Pneumonic plague, for example, is mainly an epidemic-borne disease caused by plague bacteria, which is usually transmitted from rodents, then begins to spread on human **, and is finally breathed by us to the lungs, hence the name pneumonic plague. For example, patients suffering from pneumonic plague will basically feel that the whole body is hot, and there will be the possibility of bleeding when coughing, at this time, you must go to the hospital to check your own situation, do not keep procrastinating, after all, the plague is not timely ** if it is easy to develop sepsis.

The contagiousness of the plague is also very violent, and it is likely to spread to other places when it is not timely, such as the pneumonic plague, which first began to spread abroad, as we all know, the plague that occurred on the European continent in the last century, caused large-scale deaths, and because there was no reasonable **, the plague would break out every ten years after that, butIn the last years of the Qing Dynasty, plague began to circulate in China.

Although the spread of plague had been controlled at that time, people in different regions were often exposed to small-scale plague in the following period, but it was still possible to recover from the positive **. ButSepticaemic plague is an escalation of pneumonic plague and is usually an outbreakThe speed of development of germs in the body is also very rapid, if there is no way to control the disease in time, it will cause ** bleeding in a short time, so in order to avoid being infected, you must actively exercise your body and enhance your body's resistance.

Pneumonic plague is the most common, pneumonic plague is generally transmitted through the ** or respiratory tract, while septicaemic plague is transmitted through blood.

Pneumonic plague is a common disease, but septicaemic plague is more serious than pneumonic plague, so if you find that you have difficulty breathing and fever, you must go to the hospital for a check-up.

The latter is more severe, and the route of transmission is also different, the latter is transmitted through blood.

There is a difference, if it is septicamic, it may be more dangerous, and the disease is more severe.

Plague is a naturally violent, virulent infectious disease caused by Yersinia pestis, and human plague is caused by the bite of a carrier rat flea.

The common clinical types are glandular type, septic type and pulmonary type, after the bacteria enter the human body through the bite of rat fleas, they reach the lymph nodes along the lymphatic vessels and multiply and produce toxic substances, causing severe swelling of the lymph nodes, hemorrhagic necrosis and abscess, if the lesions are limited to the lymph nodes, it is called bubonic plague. The incubation period is 7 days, and the mortality rate of those who do not ** is 75%.

If the bacteria multiply in large numbers from this or directly from ** into the bloodstream, septicaemic plague is caused.

If inhaled through infected dust, it can cause pneumonic plague.

The mortality rate is as high as 90%, with bubonic plague being the most common.

Persistent immunity is acquired after recovery, and reinfection is rare.

Plague includes bubonic plague and pneumonic plague, which is caused by the introduction of pathogensPneumonic plague occurs through the respiratory tract.

Depending on the location of the injury, bubonic plague can turn into pneumonic plague.

Clinical presentation. Primary pneumonic plague: critical symptoms of systemic poisoning and symptoms specific to respiratory tract infection. The onset is acute, chills, high fever up to 39 41, pulse tachymal, shortness of breath, the patient.

Yersinia pestis is flushed, conjunctival hyperemia of the eye, dry cough at the beginning of the disease, followed by frequent cough, thin frothy sputum, mixed blood or pure blood sputum in sputum. Secondary pneumonic plague: symptoms of primary bubonic plague or septicaemic plague that suddenly worsens with cough, chest tightness, dyspnea, and thin, frothy bloody sputum.

Complete blood count. Increased white blood cells.

Chest x-ray. Shadows of varying sizes, densities, and uneven margins may be seen on the chest, and sometimes pleural effusions may be seen. Pre. After.

If it is not effective in a timely manner**, the patient usually dies within 2 to 3 days.

Epidemiology. Plague epidemics among animals.

Latent period. Bubonic plague [2] is generally 1 6 days long, and most often 2 3 days. Pneumonic plague has a short incubation period.

Mode of transmission. Pneumonic plague is mainly transmitted through airborne droplets.

Prophylaxis. Exterminate rodents and fleas, prevent plague among animals, isolate plague cases, and prevent transmission.

(1) The cause of the disease.

Yersinia pestis belongs to the Yersinia genus of the Enterobacteriaceae family, which is a gram-negative bacillus, no flagella, no spores, capsulated, facultative aerobe, Yersinia pestis contains a variety of antigens, and there are F1, T, and V3 species related to pathogenicity and immunity

The capsular antigen of antigenic bacteria is a glycoprotein with high specificity and has been widely used in the diagnosis of serum.

The rat toxin in the antigen is toxic only to rodents, while the lipopolysaccharide endotoxin in the cell wall can cause human heat, disseminated intravascular coagulation, complement activation and tissue lesions.

The amp and w antigens are plasmid-mediated and are only present in virulent strains, protecting the pathogen from multiplying within monocytes macrophages.

Yersinia pestis has weak resistance to the outside world, especially sensitive to heat and dryness, can be killed by sun exposure and commonly used disinfectants, is resistant to cold, and can survive for more than 1 year in pus, sputum and soil.

ii) Pathogenesis.

Yersinia pestis mostly invades the human body from **, through lymphatic vessels to lymph nodes, causing primary hemorrhagic necrotizing lymphadenitis, the release of toxins by bacteria can cause systemic blood toxicity symptoms, germs can enter the blood circulation, and multiply in it to cause sepsis, septic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation. Invasion of the respiratory tract causes primary pneumonic plague, hemorrhagic bronchitis and necrotizing pneumonia, hemorrhagic necrotizing hilar lymphadenitis, and fibrinous hemorrhagic pleurisy.