What are the changes in the state of matter in life, and what are the changes in the state of matter

Sublimation, liquefaction, gasification, evaporation, boiling, condensation.

Melting, vaporization (there are two ways of vaporization: evaporation, boiling), sublimation, liquefaction, solidification, condensation.

The changes in the state of matter are:1. Melting: solid liquid state (endothermy).

2. Coagulation: liquid solid state (exothermic).

3. Vaporization: (boiling and evaporation): liquid gaseous (endothermic) 4, liquefaction: (two methods: compressing volume and reducing temperature): gaseous liquid (exothermic) 5, sublimation: solid gaseous (endothermic).

6, Ninghua. Gaseous solid state (exothermic).

1 summer from sorbet.

Dripping water droplets on (melting).

2 Ice particles turn into raindrops and fall (melt).

3 Repair asphalt roads.

, use a large melting stove to melt the asphalt (melt).

4 Ice is placed in the sun and becomes water (melting) in a while5 Steel is placed in a steelmaking furnace and becomes molten steel (melting)6 Pure water condenses and forms ice cubes (solidification).

7. Molten steel is cast into wheels (solidified).

8 Icicles (solidification) formed on power poles during a snowstorm

9 Molten steel is burned and cast into a train wheel (solidified).

10 Volcanic eruptions.

Melt first and then solidify).

11 In autumn, the morning fog dissipates after the sun comes out (vaporization - evaporation)12 The water sprinkled on the ground is gone (vaporization - evaporation)13 The alcohol rubbed on the ** dries up immediately (vaporization - evaporation)14 The body feels cold after swimming ashore (vaporization - evaporation)15 Boil a pot of water (vaporization - boiling).

16 In the summer, "white gas" (liquefaction) rises around popsicles

17 In the summer, the outer layer of the tank "sweats" (liquefies).

18. In the morning, small water droplets (liquefaction) on grass and trees

19 The morning fog and dew (liquefaction).

20 In the summer, the drink can taken out of the refrigerator "sweats" (liquefies) 21. After taking a hot bath, the glass in the bathroom becomes blurry, and after a while it becomes clear again (liquefied first and then vaporized).

22. Use an electric water heater.

When boiling water, there is constantly "white steam" coming out (first vaporization and then liquefaction) 23, heating iodine at high temperature, and the volume of iodine becomes smaller (sublimation).

24 Mothballs in a suitcase.

Gradually getting smaller (sublimation).

25 In winter, clothes that are frozen outside also dry (sublimated).

26 In the cold winter, the snowmen built became smaller (sublimated).

27 Filament (tungsten) thinning (sublimation).

28 dry ice.

Solid carbon dioxide.

It is used for artificial rainfall (sublimation).

29 In winter, ice flowers (or "window flowers") that form on the inner surface of glass windows (or "window flowers.

Ninghua)30 A layer of frost has formed on the roof tiles (Ninghua)31 Trees hang in the northern winter (Ninghua).

32 The fog (condensation) seen in the southern snowstorm

33 The bulb (tungsten filament) is blackened (Ninghua).

34 "White powder" (condensation) found in ice cream paper

35 Dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) is used to create a wonderful stage effect (first sublimation and then liquefaction)36 Formation of rain: vaporization (or evaporation) liquefaction solidification and melting; Vaporization (or evaporation) of condensation melting.

Melting, solidification, vaporization, liquefaction, sublimation, condensation.

There are 6 kinds of changes in the state of matter: melting, solidification, vaporization, liquefaction, sublimation, and condensation.

Details: 1. Melting: solid liquid state (endothermy).

2. Coagulation: liquid solid state (exothermic).

3. Vaporization: (boiling and evaporation): liquid gaseous (endothermic).

4. Liquefaction: (two methods: compressing the volume and reducing the temperature): gaseous liquid (exothermic).

5. Sublimation: solid gaseous state (endothermy).

6. Condensation: gaseous solid state (exothermic).

Examples of the actual phenomenon of Ninghua:

1. The long-used light bulb will turn from transparent to black, which is heated when the light bulb is working, and the tungsten vapor formed by the heating and sublimation of the tungsten filament is condensed on the wall of the light bulb into a very thin layer of solid tungsten.

2. On winter nights, indoor water vapor often condenses into ice crystals on the window pane; "rime" on tree branches; The popsicle taken out of the refrigerator formed a layer of "frost"; Another example is the formation of "frost" in nature, etc., which are all condensation phenomena.

3. After the iodine vapor is cold, iodine particles will appear on the inner wall of the flask.

4. White edges on the leaves in winter.

"Change of state of matter: Because a large number of molecules that make up matter are in a never-ending irregular thermal motion, and different molecules are doing thermal motion at different speeds, three states of matter are formed: solid, liquid, and gaseous.

How to determine what kind of state of matter has occurred: The key is to find the two states of matter before and after the state change, and then compare them according to the definition, so that the correct conclusion can be drawn.

Introduction

Temperature is the collective manifestation of the thermal motion of a large number of molecules and is statistically significant. For individual molecules, temperature is meaningless.

Temperature is closely related to human life, and the normal body temperature of a person is 37°C or 310K. No matter how much humans improve cryogenic technology, the temperature of 0k ( is unattainable, so the temperature of 0k is also called "absolute zero" or "absolute degree".

Thermometer: Definition: An instrument that measures the temperature of an object quickly and accurately.

How it works: aCommonly used thermometers (thermometers, thermometers, cold and heat gauges) are made according to the principle of thermal expansion and contraction of liquids (such as mercury, mercury, alcohol, kerosene); b.Digital thermometers are made based on the electrical conductivity of an object as a function of temperature.

Junior High School Physics: The phenomenon of change in the state of matter in life.

In physics, we call the process of changing matter from one state to another as a change in the state of matter. They can be converted into each other in pairs, so there are 6 kinds of changes in the state of matter: melting, solidifying, vaporizing, liquefiing, sublimation, and condensation.

Next, I will share an example of the change of physical state in life.

1.Definition and examples of melting

Melting refers to the process of heating a substance from a solid state to a liquid state. It is one of the more common types of state of matter. Melting requires the absorption of heat and is an endothermic process. Crystals have a certain melting temperature called melting point. Amorphous does not have a certain melting temperature.

Example: (1) The lard melts after heating it in a pan. (2) The sun comes out, and the snow melts into water.

2.Definition and examples of solidification

The change of matter from a liquid state to a solid state is called solidification. Exothermic during solidification. Conditions for crystal solidification: the temperature reaches the freezing point; After reaching the freezing point, heat release continues.

Example: (1) Water solidifies into ice. (2) Put the drink in the refrigerator and freeze it into ice.

3.Definition and examples of vaporization

Vaporization refers to the process of phase change of a substance from a liquid state to a gaseous state. Evaporation and boiling are the two forms of vaporization of a substance. The former is a vaporization phenomenon that occurs on the surface of a liquid, while the latter is a vaporization phenomenon that occurs in the body of a liquid when the saturated vapor pressure is equal to the external pressure.

Example: (1) A hot fan to accelerate the evaporation of water or to sprinkle water on the ground is to increase the amount of evaporation to dissipate heat [evaporation]. (2) When boiling water, when the water temperature reaches the boiling point, the water boils, and as time goes on, the water becomes less and less [boiling].

4.Definition and examples of liquefaction

Liquefaction refers to the process of changing a substance from a gaseous state to a liquid state, which will release heat to the outside world. There are two ways to achieve liquefaction, one is to reduce the temperature, and the other is to compress the volume.

Examples: (1) Fog in an autumn morning; (2) In winter, water droplets appear on the windows of classrooms.

5.Definition and examples of sublimation:

Sublimation refers to the process by which a solid substance becomes gaseous without going through a liquid state.

Example: (1) In winter, frozen clothes will also dry. (2) The mothballs will get smaller and smaller after a long time.

6.Definition and examples of Ninghua

Condensation is the phenomenon in which a substance skips the liquid state and changes directly from a gaseous state to a solid state. It is a change in the state of matter that occurs when the temperature and air pressure of a substance are below the three-phase point. The condensation process material is exothermic.

Example: (1) When iodine vapor is cold, iodine particles will appear on the inner wall of the flask. (2) White edges on the leaves in winter.

Mental retardation, also known as intellectual disability, refers to the organic damage to the brain, or the incomplete development of the brain, which leads to continuous impairment of cognitive activities, as well as impairment of mental activities, specific clinical manifestations, firstly, there is a slowdown in the speed of perception, the second is a serious distraction of attention, he is unable to pay attention, the third is poor memory, easy to forget learning, the fourth is poor in language function, can only speak some simple words, the fifth manifestation, poor thinking ability, can not carry out some abstract thinking, The sixth specific does not have a mathematical concept, and there is also emotional instability, weak will, lack of self-confidence, poor communication skills, generally speaking, children with intellectual disabilities, intelligence will be significantly lower than the average intelligence level of normal people, if the intelligence level of normal people is 100, then generally speaking, if the child's intelligence is 70%, the intelligence is called significantly low, called the intellectual disability child, and generally speaking, in 100 children, there are only two intellectual disabilities.

State of matter: Because a large number of molecules that make up matter are in a never-ending irregular thermal motion, and different molecules do heat up at different speeds, three states of matter are formed: solid, liquid, and gaseous, and in physics, we call the state of matter the state of matter.

2 Change of state of matter: In physics, we call the process of change of matter from one state to another as a change in the state of matter.

3 The process of change of state of matter (introduction): Since there are three kinds of state of matter (there are actually several, but here we will only study three. Other states of matter such as:

Plasma state. They can be transformed into each other by pairs, so there are six kinds of changes in the state of matter (abbreviated as: three states and six changes):

Melting, solidification, vaporization, liquefaction, sublimation, condensation.

Junior High School Physics: The phenomenon of change in the state of matter in life.

Water turns into ice – solidification ;

The orange is dry - vaporized.

Fog; Formation of dew - liquefaction.

White gas comes out of the popsicle, and the white gas exhaled from the mouth - liquefied.

The filament becomes thinner after a long time - sublimation The sanitary ball becomes smaller - the formation of sublimation cream - condensation.

Permanent bulb blackening – Ninghua.

The process by which a substance changes from one state to another is called a change of state

The first is the solid state and liquid state of the substance, the relationship between the two, when the substance is converted from the solid state to the liquid state, this phenomenon is called melting, and the melting should be endothermic, such as ice absorbing heat and melting into water, on the contrary, when the substance is converted from a liquid state to a solid state, this phenomenon is called solidification, and solidification should be exothermic, such as water being exothermic and solidified into ice. The crystals have a melting point, that is, they will melt when the temperature reaches the melting point, and the temperature will not be higher than the melting point when melting, and the temperature will not rise after complete melting. Amorphous does not have a fixed melting point, so the temperature during melting is uncertain.

Then there is the change relationship between the gaseous state and the liquid state of the substance, the substance is converted from the liquid state to the gaseous state, this phenomenon is called vaporization, and vaporization has two ways: evaporation and boiling, evaporation occurs on the surface of the liquid, which can be carried out at any temperature, which is slow. Boiling occurs on the surface and inside the liquid and must reach the boiling point and is violent. Vaporization has to absorb heat, the liquid has a boiling point, when the temperature reaches the boiling point, the temperature will not rise again, but it is still absorbing heat; When a substance is converted from a gaseous state to a liquid state, this phenomenon is called liquefaction, and liquefaction requires exothermy.

For example, water vapor liquefies into water, and water evaporates into water vapor.

Finally, the relationship between the solid state and the gaseous state of the substance, which is not common to us, the direct conversion of the substance from the solid state to the gaseous state, this phenomenon is called sublimation, and then the direct conversion of the substance from the gaseous state to the solid state, which is called condensation, sublimation endothermy, and condensation exothermic.

In the event of a change in biological state, the object needs to be endothermic or exothermic. When an object transforms from high density to low density, it is endothermic; When the transition from low density to high density is heat release. The condition of endothermic or exothermic is heat transfer, so there is no temperature difference between the object and the surrounding environment, and there will be no change in the state of matter.

For example, 0 degrees Celsius ice will not melt when placed in 0 degrees of air.

This is the relationship between the three of the change of the state of matter, and their conversion is mainly based on temperature.

The process of changing a substance from a solid state to a liquid state, from a liquid state to a gaseous state, and from a solid state to a gaseous state requires the absorption of heat from the outside; In the process of changing from a gaseous state to a liquid state, from a liquid state to a solid state, and from a gaseous state directly to a solid state, heat is released to the outside world.

Therefore, melting, vaporizing, sublimation, is endothermic and increases its own temperature, decreases its ambient temperature, solidifies, liquefies, and condensation becomes exothermic and lowers its own temperature and increases its ambient temperature.

1. Clear concept: Vaporization: liquid to gaseous liquefaction:

Gaseous to Liquid Melting: Solid to Liquid Solidifying: Liquid to Solid Sublimation:

Solid to gaseous state to talk about skin tremor Condensation: gaseous state to solid state Second, correctly judge what state matter began to be and what state it was afterward, and then consider what state it has become and what state it belongs to. Such as:

Example 1: When ice turns into water, what is the change in the state of matter? Explanation: At first the ice was solid, later the water was liquid, solid to liquid, melted.

Explanation: At the beginning, the ice on the clothes was solid, and the "dry" ice turned into water vapor and ran away, and the water vapor was gaseous, solid to gaseous, and it was sublimation. Example 3:

How are fog and dew formed? Explanation: At the beginning, it is water vapor, it is gaseous, fog and dew are both liquid water, gaseous to liquid, it is liquefaction.

Example 2 and Example 3, this kind of topic, a certain state of matter, here is water vapor (gaseous) is not easy to understand, we should pay special attention to: But usually we are easy to grasp: water vapor is a gaseous state, we can't see, what we can see is definitely not water vapor, such as the so-called "hot gas", "white gas" and so on.

Explanation: At first, what comes out of the human mouth is water vapor, which is gaseous, and in the morning of winter, when the outside temperature is low, it will become "white gas", which is liquid, gaseous to liquid, and liquefied. Fourth, other substances also have a situation similar to the "three".

For example, Example 5: The mothballs become smaller and disappear later, what is the change in the state of matter? Solution:

The solid state (naphthalene) becomes gaseous (naphthalene vapor) and sublimation. Fifth, there are also topics, there are several states of matter changed together. For example, Example 6:

The fluorescent tube is black on both sides, what is it all about. Answer: First sublimation, then condensation.

Example 7: What are the changes in the state of matter in dry ice artificial rainfall? Dry ice sublimates into gaseous carbon dioxide, absorbs heat, liquefies water vapor in the air into small water droplets or condenses into Xiaoice crystals, small water droplets into large water droplets, Xiaoice crystals melt into water, and it is rain when it falls to the ground.