Why is Putonghua the national language?

To be fair, friends in the south should not be angry, China's historical culture has developed from north to south. The Yanhuang culture of that year appeared in the Yellow River Valley. During the Spring and Autumn Period, when the north was contending, Wu Chu in the south was still the "land of barbarians", since the unification of Qin Shi Huang until the fall of the Manchu Dynasty, the north was the political and cultural center for most of Chinese history.

It was only during the Northern and Southern Dynasties and the Southern Song Dynasty that the south became the center of Han culture, and these two periods were not long, and the main body was the northern scholars who fled south. It goes without saying that the South has gradually become the economic center of China since the Song Dynasty, but culturally, it has always been orthodox with the culture of the North. Just as someone in the Qing Dynasty said:

The south is a mountainous, watery, and talented, and the north is a saint in a day, a place, and a saint, no matter how much the mountains and rivers are between heaven and earth, symbolizing that the north is the political center, and no matter how many talented people are also the disciples of the saints, China's Confucian culture is the representative of the northern culture, and Confucius is a native of Shandong. Historical works, official documents, cultural classics, and literary works of the Chinese dynasties were all written in the northern dialect. Therefore, it is not accidental that the representative sound of the northern dialect, Beijing Yin, is used as the basis of Mandarin, and it has historical origins.

At the same time, it should be admitted that Beijing sound has its own specific phonological beauty. Because it has been polished by the princes and nobles and literati of the past dynasties, Beijing sound is the most harmonious and beautiful voice. Don't be unconvinced, I'm not from Beijing, I'm from Shanxi.

If you read a passage in Beijing dialect and analyze it, you will find that the flat sound and the sound of the sound account for 50% each, and the rise and fall are harmonious, and there is very little rise or fall of several consecutive words. The Shanxi dialect has many flat sounds, and the Tianjin dialect has many pronunciations, with strong personality and poor harmony. This is the result of cultural choice, history chose the northern culture, chose the Beijing voice, and achieved the representative of Chinese culture.

Mandarin is based on the northern sound, and it does not belong to any regional dialect, just because the pronunciation of Mandarin is round, easy to listen and easy to learn, basically everyone at least understands Mandarin, Sichuan dialect, can others understand it.

Mandarin is based on Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation, northern dialect as the basic dialect, and exemplary modern vernacular writings as the grammatical norm.

In the historical process of socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics, vigorously promoting and actively popularizing Putonghua commonly used throughout the country is conducive to eliminating language barriers and promoting social exchanges, which is of great significance to socialist economic, political, and cultural construction and social development.

Generally speaking, wherever a regime is headed, the dialect is used as the official language. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Henan dialect was used as the official language.

Mandarin, i.e. Standard Chinese. Putonghua is the lingua franca of communication between different ethnic groups in China, with Beijing pronunciation as the basic sound, northern dialects as the basic dialect, and exemplary modern vernacular writings as the grammatical norms. Mandarin is a dialect based on the northern dialect and the Beijing dialect as the basic sound.

This is mainly due to the following reasons:

First, the northern dialect is the basic dialect, mainly considering that the capital of New China is Beijing, and the people in Beijing speak Mandarin, and it has a certain history and foundation of promotion as an official language, although the Han people in the north have their own dialect, but they can also speak a little Mandarin, so in order to stabilize the overall situation, New China will continue to use Mandarin as the official language.

In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the United States and the Soviet Union confronted each other, and in order to avoid the joint strangulation of foreign hostile forces, New China urgently needed a common language to realize the communication and exchange of the people of New China in different regions, so as to raise the strength of the whole country to fight against foreign enemies, and Putonghua has a history and foundation for the promotion of the Manchus in the Qing Dynasty for more than 200 years, so it continues to use Putonghua as the official language.

Mandarin, i.e. Standard Chinese. Mandarin is the lingua franca of communication between different ethnic groups in China, with Beijing pronunciation as the basic pronunciation and northern dialect.

The basic dialect is a model of modern vernacular Chinese.

Writings are grammatical norms. Putonghua is a language based on the northern dialect and the Beijing dialect as the basic sound. This is mainly due to the following reasons:

1. The northern dialect is the basic dialect, mainly considering that the capital of New China is Beijing, and the people in the Beijing area speak Mandarin, and it is an official language.

There is a certain history and foundation of promotion, although the Han people in the north have their own dialect, but they can also speak a little Mandarin, so in order to stabilize the overall situation, New China will continue to use Mandarin as the official language.

2. China has been a multi-ethnic country since ancient times, and different ethnic groups have different languages and scripts, and the People's Republic of China was founded.

In the early days, the confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union, in order to avoid the joint strangulation of foreign hostile forces, New China was forced to need a common language to realize the communication and exchange of the new Chinese people in different regions, so as to raise the strength of the whole country to fight against foreign enemies, and Mandarin has a history and foundation of more than 200 years of promotion by the Manchus of the Qing Dynasty, so it continues to use Mandarin as the official language.

Categories: Social Culture >> Folklore Traditions.

Analysis: The term Putonghua was first proposed by Zhu Wenxiong in 1906, and later Qu Qiubai and others also put forward the term "Putonghua", and argued with Mao Dun about the actual meaning of Putonghua, and then through the vernacular literary movement, the popular language movement and the Chinese movement since May Fourth, the status of Beijing's voice was established and consolidated. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, at the "National Conference on Character Reform" held in 1955, Zhang Xiruo explained in the theme report of the conference:

The common language of the Han nationality has long existed, and now the name Hengruqing is Mandarin, which needs to be further standardized and standardized. What is this common language of the Han people, which has in fact gradually formed? This is Mandarin with the northern dialect as the base dialect and the Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation.

For the sake of simplicity, this common language can also be called Mandarin. On February 6, 1956, the "Instructions for the Promotion of Putonghua" issued by *** supplemented and improved the meaning of Putonghua, and officially determined that Putonghua "takes Beijing pronunciation as the standard and absolute pronunciation, northern dialect as the basic dialect, and exemplary modern vernacular works as the grammatical norms". This definition clearly stipulates the standards of Putonghua from three aspects: phonetics, vocabulary and grammar, making the definition of Putonghua more scientific and thorough.

At this point, "Mandarin" in the modern sense was officially formed and began to be promoted nationwide with clear standards. Among them, the meaning of the word "Putonghua" is "universal" and "universal".

No, they are graded exams. For example, if you are below the second grade, you can pass in a school, or you can pass in a school or government agency that has an authorized examination, and the first B must be in the provincial capital where the Putonghua test is formulated, and the first class must be taken in Beijing.

Mandarin is a provincial and municipal test, not a national unified test.

The Putonghua level test is not unified across the country, but is tested regionally according to the level, but the standard for classifying the world is unified. Provincial and municipal testing centers and testing stations can only grant qualification certificates below first-class B (including first-class B). To take the first-class examination, you need to go to the testing center of the State Language Commission for the examination, or submit it to the testing station of the State Language Commission for review and pass the provincial test station before you can be awarded the first-class first-class.

Candidates must submit an online registration application or register on-site at the registration site, and then obtain confirmation of their qualifications before taking the exam.

Requirements for the Putonghua Proficiency Test:

primary and secondary school teachers;

Teachers of secondary normal schools and liberal arts teachers of higher education institutions;

Graduates of normal colleges (in higher normal schools, first of all, liberal arts graduates);

Teachers and graduates of radio, television, film, drama, foreign languages, tourism and other institutions of higher learning and secondary vocational schools;

Announcers and program hosts of radio and television stations at all levels;

Professionals engaged in film, TV series, drama performance and Song Xun film and television dubbing;

Other returnees who should undergo the Putonghua proficiency test and those who voluntarily undergo the Putonghua proficiency test.

It was unified in 1955.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, in 1955, the national common language was Putonghua. The predecessor of Mandarin was the official dialect of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and its predecessor was Yayan. The term "Mandarin" appeared as early as the end of the Qing Dynasty.

In 1902, scholar Wu Rulun visited Japan. The Japanese suggested that China should implement Mandarin education and unify the language. The name "Mandarin" was mentioned in the conversation.

After the Vernacular Movement, the Popular Language Movement, and the Mandarin Movement since the May Fourth Movement, the status of Beijing's pronunciation was established and consolidated. In 1949, the newly established Beijing **** decided to change modern standard Chinese from Mandarin to Mandarin.

Mandarin is another name for Modern Standard Chinese. Each country has its own common language (official language, official language of the capital), whether it is the United States, Russia, India and other countries, there are a large number of language dialects, and the standard language of each country is to facilitate people's extensive transportation.

The impact of Chinese Mandarin on the world:

In September, Russia's Federal Service for Supervision of Education and Science said that the Chinese language could be included in the subject of the unified state examination for secondary school students in Russia. It is reported that the Unified State Examination of Russia is both a secondary school graduation exam and an entrance exam to a university. The foreign language subjects of the USA now include English, French, Spanish and German.

Graduates can voluntarily choose to take the foreign language test according to the requirements of the chosen institution.

From now on, the Chinese language will be included in the All-Russian Olympiad for Secondary School Students, and the winners of the competition will receive preferential admission to the first subsidized place.

On February 23, at the end of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman's visit to China, Saudi Arabia announced that the Chinese language would be included in the curriculum of all levels of education in the Kingdom, in order to make the country's education more diverse.