Creature Quiz 20, Creature Quissique

RNA single-stranded, DNA double-stranded, obvious DNA is relatively stable, not easy to change. In the process of evolution, most organisms use DNA as their genetic material in order to make the genetic material stable. As for some viruses, because they need to mutate to defend against the host's immune mechanisms, viruses with RNA as their genetic material will live a little more nourishing, hehe.

For advanced animals such as crucian carp, DNA should naturally be used as the genetic material, and RNA only assists in the expression of genes. Although RNA is present, it is not genetic material.

What is obviously not obvious The genetic material of crucian carp is all DNA, which is very consistent with the facts.

As long as it's a cellular organism, the genetic material is DNA.

It is advisable to go back and read the book, the question is already clear: genetic material. At present, except for a few viruses whose genetic material is RNA (there are also those that contain neither RNA nor DNA, such as prions), the genetic material of the rest of the organisms is DNA

There is no problem with this question. RNA is not involved in heredity. It is recommended to go back and read the book, the question has been made clear:

Genetic. At present, except for a few viruses whose genetic material is RNA (there are also those that contain neither RNA nor DNA, such as prions), the genetic material of the rest of the organisms is DNAThere is no problem with this question.

It is true that the RNA of fish is not genetic material.

Living cells are cells that can be metabolized normally, for example, when doing the water loss test of plant cells, if it is a dead cell, the water loss of the cell cannot be seen, and the plasma wall is separated, because its cell membrane is no longer metabolized and does not absorb water.

Dead cells are cells that have stopped metabolism (such as dead skin on the body), the products of cell metabolism must be CO2 and H2O (the CO2 exhaled by the person and the urine and sweat excreted every day), and the rest of the metabolites are determined by the cells of different organs.

However, for the sake of imagery, we refer to cells that have similar phenomena of life activities as living cells and dead cells.

The concept of a living cell is a cell that can metabolize life and produce biological reactions autonomously.

The concept of dead cells is self-explanatory.

As a daily judgment of the cell life and death of an organism is usually used to observe the metabolic state of the cell, such as aerobic or anaerobic metabolism, it is proved that the living cells or the living cells in the individual account for the main component, such as cutting the radish with a new incision, soaking in water, after a period of time there are bubbles attached to the surface of the incision to prove that it is fresher, of course, there are also methods such as observing the content of gas components in the confined space, but it is difficult to achieve easily.

Question 1: You are not very precise in this statement, this is only for mammalian mature red blood cells, and it is not a change in genetic material! Mammalian red blood cells are genetically regulated to excrete the nucleus of the cell during maturation (so mature red blood cells have a short lifespan, only a few days, and we have to produce new red blood cells every day to make a replacement), making room for hemoglobin to carry oxygen, which is a loss of genetic material, not a change in genetic material.

Question 2: This needs to look at the type and development stage of the cell, (digression: the book also says that "all organisms are composed of cells", but you know that this is incomplete, because viruses have no cell structure, in addition to viruses, there are many biological characteristics but no cell structure, such as mycoplasma, chlamydia, etc., this is considered a living organism, in fact, many concepts are loopholes, so don't just read the concepts in the book, but understand the special case yourself) "All cells can synthesize proteins" It's in general.

Before the red blood cells are mature, they do have a full set of genetic material and various organelles that can synthesize proteins, but once the red blood cells mature, because the nucleus and organelles are eliminated, the mature red blood cells cannot synthesize proteins.

Question 3: The complete hydrolysate of ATP should be phosphoric acid, pentose, pyrimidine base or purine base, hypoxanthine and ammonia (because there are two versions of the chemical formula, the chemical name of ATP is "5'-Triphosphate-9--D-furanoribosyladenine, or 5'-Triphosphate-9--D-furanosyl-6-aminopurine"), more detailed information is available here, and it's best to take a closer look (even if most of them don't need it now, never think of ATP too simply). This is a very important substance, and the book talks about it even the fur.

Miss.

Problem 1: After hematopoietic stem cells differentiate into red blood cells, the newly produced red blood cells have genetic material, and the nucleus slowly disappears as the red blood cells mature. In this sense, there is still genetic material at the time of differentiation.

Question 2: It is right that all cells can synthesize proteins. Before the red blood cells are mature, there are genetic materials and organelles, which can synthesize proteins, and when the red blood cells mature, they cannot synthesize proteins, so the life span of mature red blood cells is very short, and the amount of red blood cells destroyed in the body is about 1% every day, and we produce new red blood cells every day to replenish.

Question 3: These cases are essentially incomplete hydrolysis, complete hydrolysis means that all C chains are destroyed, the products of complete hydrolysis of organic matter are water and carbon dioxide, and ATP contains N and P, so the products of complete hydrolysis of ATP are: water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, and phosphate.

1.Differentiation is caused by a variety of reasons, the selective expression of genes, hematopoietic stem cells differentiate into red blood cells, but immature red blood cells still have a nucleus, the genetic material has not changed, only mature red blood cells do not have a nucleus, because the nucleus is discharged in the process of maturation and changes its own morphology to adapt to its function, there is no nucleus, and it is a round cake **Invagination One is convenient for exchanging with external gases The other is convenient for deformation Because some capillaries are smaller than its diameter. However, the removal of the nucleus does not mean that it changes the genetic material in the cell, and the meaning of differentiation is essentially through the selective expression of genes, so that the characteristics of the organism are changed to adapt to the environment.

2.Mature red blood cells can't synthesize proteins, so "all cells can synthesize proteins" should be wrong, and the book doesn't necessarily mean the whole team.

Completely hydrolyzed into 1 molecule of ribose, 1 molecule of adenine, 3 molecules of phosphoric acid, if ATP can be completely hydrolyzed, that is right, but it seems that ATP can be completely hydrolyzed, the specific situation is not clear.

Mature red blood cells have no genetic material, not when they were differentiated.

Immature red blood cells can synthesize proteins, otherwise where does hemoglobin come from.

Thorough hydrolysis means hydrolysis into the basic substances, which are water and carbon dioxide.

CH2O) is an organic substance synthesized by the dark reaction of photosynthesis such as sugars.

If CO2 is stopped, these organic substances cannot be synthesized. Photosynthesis is the use of light energy, water, and CO2 to synthesize organic substances such as sugars. Without the substrate, the product cannot be synthesized.

It will decline because some CO2 has been absorbed in the mesophyll cells, and it is impossible to synthesize organic matter as soon as it stops**, and it will still synthesize some, but very little.

No, the net synthesis amount is specified. Because the plant itself also respires and releases CO2, which is absorbed and utilized by chloroplasts. However, the synthetic product is offset by the respiration depletion. Therefore, the net synthesis of organic matter is zero.

To put it simply, C3 synthesizes CH2O sugars together with (H) and ATP, C3 decreases, C3 becomes the main limiting factor for the synthesis of sugars, and less C3 reduces the number of sugars, and there may be negative growth due to self-respiratory consumption.

I'm not a teacher, I'm a biology major.

1. Totipotency refers to the ability of a cell to differentiate into all cell types of the body and form a complete embryo, not whether genes are expressed. Moreover, gene expression is regulated, and naturally not all genes are expressed in a cell. So a zygote is indeed totipotent because it has the ability to form a complete embryo, not because all genes are expressed.

2. I don't know this very well. I'll check it out for you, though. It should look at the division of roles in the food chain.

Only producers can synthesize organic matter through photosynthesis, neither consumers nor decomposers have this ability. Consumers obtain energy by consuming other living beings, while decomposers obtain energy by breaking down organic matter.

1. The fertilized egg is totipotent because the zygote contains a full set of genetic material of the organism, and the gene is selectively expressed.

2. The only ones who can synthesize their own organic matter are autotrophs, I only know green plants and nitrifying bacteria, and consumers in the food chain get their own energy through predation. Heat refers to the amount of energy transferred in heat transfer. Heat is a process quantity.

And this transfer process is called heat exchange or heat transfer. It is obviously not appropriate to use it here! Hope it helps.

The genes in a fertilized egg cannot be fully expressed, such as recessive genes.

Producers produce organic matter through photosynthesis or nitrification, etc., while heat is produced by the decomposition of organic matter.

1 Totipotency means that cells contain the full set of genetic material necessary for the growth, development and reproduction of the species, and therefore have the potential to develop into a complete organism. There is no need to discuss whether it is fully expressed, and not all the genes in the zygote are expressed.

2 Each link in the food chain is a large amount of heat generated, but it is all produced in the process of respiration, and finally all of it is lost, not for the synthesis of the organism itself, the synthesis of its own organic matter requires energy from light energy for plants, and ATP from respiration for consumers. I am a high school biology teacher.

Cellular totipotency refers to the fact that in multicellular organisms, the nucleus of each individual cell has all the genes of ontogeny, and can develop into a complete individual as long as conditions permit. The mistake is that all genes are expressed, just all genes of ontogeny. For example, oncogenes in the human body.

Question 1: There are two kinds of genes, when dominant is dominant, when dominant is dominant, when dominant is recessive, it is recessive, and recessive is recessive.

Question 2: The heat generated is also used to maintain one's own life activities.

The free ribosomes are synthesized intracellular enzymes, that is, the synthesized enzymes are not secreted outside the cell, while the ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum are synthesized and secreted proteins, that is, they are synthesized and then secreted outside the cell.

A hemoglobin and B respiratory oxidase are required by the cell itself, and do not have to be secreted outside the cell after synthesis, so they are synthesized by free ribosomes. Insulin is secreted outside the cell, so it is synthesized by ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas sex hormones are not proteins and are not synthesized by ribosomes!

2.d (Basics).

Ribosomes are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or distributed freely in the cytoplasm.

Because salivary gland cells secrete saliva, and there is amylase in saliva, its chemical essence is protein, and its synthesis requires energy, and mitochondria are the power factories in the cell, which are used to provide energy. Sweat is mainly water and a small amount of inorganic salts, and its secretion has little to do with energy. By the way, since protein synthesis is on ribosomes, there are also many ribosomes in salivary cells.

The most abundant organelles in b-centromyocytes are mitochondria. Because heart muscle cells need a lot of energy to exercise. The vigorous cell life activity in C is as vigorous as the protein synthesis is vigorous, and the endoplasmic reticulum must be more developed than the senescent cell.

In d, salivary gland cells need to secrete saliva, which requires a large number of Golgi apparatus to package the protein secreted outward, and the number of Golgi apparatus is large.

1.Ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum synthesize secreted proteins, and ribosomes free in the cytoplasmic matrix synthesize structural proteins. Secreted proteins at the high school level just need to remember:

Various digestive enzymes, antibodies, protein hormones, plasma proteins. Others can be thought of as structural proteins. Hemoglobin and respiratory oxidase are structural proteins, and sex hormones are sterols, which are lipids.

Insulin is a protein hormone. I choose C 2.

The nuclear envelope separates the cytoplasm from the material inside the nucleus, but it does not completely separate the nucleus from the cytoplasm because there is an exchange of substances through the nuclear envelope and the nuclear pore. The other three are the role of the nuclear envelope. I choose A

3.Some ribosomes are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum and some are free in the cytoplasm and are not present in the nucleus. I choose D

4.The Golgi apparatus is involved in cell wall formation, choose D

Yes, endocytocytosis is not related to proteins on the cell membrane, it is caused by the fluidity of the cell membrane. Just like wrapping an apple in a cloth, prick a few holes in the cloth to represent the protein, the apple will not enter and exit through the holes, and only the entire surface of the cloth can wrap the apple.

I've written down your serial number, and I'll make it for you when I adopt it.