Are there errors in the annals What are some common sense errors in the annals?

There are not only mistakes but also many in the historical records, for example, a serious mistake is that Taishi Gong wrote the story of Su Qin and Zhang Yi vividly, but after the unearthed documents found that the two of them were not active in the same era at all. However, this does not affect the status of historical records, because most of the classics of Confucianism were lost at that time when Qin Shi Huang burned books, and it was not easy for their father and son to write this book for more than 3,000 years.

No one can guarantee that the known history is complete and correct. The Records of the Historian was created by Sima Qian on the basis of field research and the local people's understanding of something, and due to the limited number of accurate history books in the past, a large part of people's understanding of history was oral from generation to generation, and over time, there are certainly errors in it, but it is still the main reference for the study of pre-Qin history. Wish.

History books are limited by history, and they are all misleading to a certain extent, and of course there are mistakes.

The "human biao" in the "Historical Records" is not right when analyzed from the perspective of modern medicine.

First of all, don't say anything about "soldering iron to stop bleeding". In fact, in today's large hospitals, the routine operation of amputation surgery has been the introduction of electric soldering irons, hemostats, tourniquets and sutures, and only then can there be data on blood loss of 443-1558 ml per thigh (Christian Wied et al., 2017, total blood loss after transfemoral amputations is twice the intraoperative loss: an observational cohort study of 81 nontraumatic amputations）。

Think about how much blood would be lost if the limb was amputated. Don't forget that a normal person will go into shock if he loses 1000 ml of blood, and he can die if he loses 1200 ml of blood. (As for those who say "Chinese medicine stops bleeding", you can find out for me first, even if it is a ** that uses traditional Chinese medicine or traditional Chinese medicine to control the blood loss of the amputated thigh below this number, and then talk about it).

What's more, even in the 21st century, as developed as the United States, the mortality rate of high amputation is extremely high: data from the U.S. military in 2014, the U.S. military treats their own soldiers, carefully and well transfused, bilateral high amputation (through the thigh is considered high) has a 44% mortality rate, and the mortality rate of unilateral only the sole of the foot is 0 (claire e.).Webster et al., 2018, Characterization of Lower Extremity Blast Injury).

However, have you ever thought about it - in fact, it is the contemporary people who have misinterpreted it; Nowadays, some people interpret "human biao" as "cutting off limbs", and this interpretation is definitely wrong.

Or the above data from the 2014 U.S. military, although bilateral high amputation (even if it is high after the thigh) has a mortality rate of 44%, but! Be! The mortality rate of unilateral amputation of the sole of the foot is 0.

Now, let's read the "Historical Records" again:

The original text of "Historical Records" is "then pulled out to hit Jing Ke and cut off his left strand", and the ending is "kill Ke". The original text of the "Historical Records" "Broken Mrs. Qi's siblings" is "living for several days". "Stock" and "foot", the comparison between the two is different.

The ancients used "share" to represent the thigh, and "humerus" to represent the big arm ("Handian Network" "Shuowen Jiezi"**query). Think about it, why didn't Sima Qian say "Mrs. Qi's humerus", but "Mrs. Qi's siblings"? It can be seen that Sima Qian does not think that "Renbi" is chopping off limbs, and speculates that he only chops off the palms and soles of his feet.

Therefore, if the word "hand" is interpreted as a hand, and the word "foot" is interpreted as a foot, then the injury suffered by the "human biao" is roughly equivalent to four times the punishment, and there is no problem in "living for several days".

The history of China is the history of historians, and there must be mistakes.

Sima Qian is also a person, and it is impossible to know everything. When writing historical records, it was also researched in many ways, and the ancients believed in these gods and monsters very much, so it is not strange to write about them.

The Records of the Historian is a general history written by the Chinese historian Sima Qian, and is considered one of the important classics of ancient Chinese historiography. However, as an ancient document, there may be some common-sense errors or inaccuracies in the historical account. The following are some views of some Qingtuan Nian scholars and historical researchers on possible common-sense errors in the "Historical Records":

1.Chronology: There may be some confusion or inaccuracies in the chronological arrangement of events in the Chronicles. This may be due to the author's limitations or misunderstandings in collating historical sources.

2.Character evaluation: The evaluation of certain historical figures in the "Historical Records" may be subjective and biased. The author, Sima Qian, has his own views and attitudes towards some characters, which may affect the objective evaluation of these characters.

3.Factual details: There may be some errors or inaccuracies in the records of some specific historical events and details. This may be due to the incompleteness of the historical data or the author's misunderstanding and recording of certain details.

It should be pointed out that the research and evaluation of ancient documents is a complex and continuous process, and scholars will explore and correct the errors and inaccuracies in them through continuous research and discussion. Therefore, when reading the Records of the Historian or other ancient documents, we need to maintain critical thinking and combine it with other historical sources and research results for comprehensive analysis and understanding.

The Records of the Chronicles is the official history. The Records of the Historians is a general history of China, and the official official history of China, the "Twenty-Four History" and other historical books, were compiled in accordance with the style of the Records of the Historians.

The Records of the Historian is a biography written by the famous historian Sima Qian of the Western Han Dynasty, and is the first general history of the biography in Chinese history"Twenty-four History"The first record records the history of more than 3,000 socks in the era of the Yellow Emperor in ancient legends, down to the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Together with the later "Book of Han", "Book of the Later Han", and "Three Confessions of National Chronicles", it is called the spine branch"The first four histories"。The Records of the Historians had a profound impact on the development of historiography and literature in later generations.

His first method of chronicling history was later dynasties"Canonical history"Passed on. At the same time, "The Records of the Historian" is also regarded as an excellent literary work, which has an important position in the history of Chinese literature and is praised by Lu Xun"The swan song of the historian, the rhymeless "Lisao".", which has a high literary value.

The Records of the Chronicles is the official history. The Records of the Historians is a general history of China, and the official official history of China, the Twenty-Four Histories, and other historical books are compiled in accordance with the style of the Records of the Historians.

The Records of the Historian is a biography written by the famous historian Sima Qian of the Western Han Dynasty, and is the first general history of the biography in Chinese history"Twenty-four History"The first record records the history of more than 3,000 years from the era of the legendary Yellow Emperor in ancient times to the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. It is called together with the later "Book of Han", "Book of the Later Han", and "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms"."The first four histories are leaking out of the hall"。The Records of the Historians had a profound impact on the development of historiography and literature in later generations.

His first method of chronicling history was later dynasties"Canonical history"Passed on. At the same time, "The Records of the Historian" is also regarded as an excellent literary work, which has an important position in the history of Chinese literature and is praised by Lu Xun"The swan song of the historian, the "Lisao" without returning to the rhyme", which has a high literary value.

In other words, as long as history is restored to 70 percent, it will be the merit of historians.

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Question description: Is it the first general history of China, but is it also the first chronicle history book?

Analysis: 1It is the first general history of the chronicle of China, and a precedent for historiography and biographical literature. There's nothing wrong with that.

2.Mr. Lu Xun spoke highly of it as "the swan song of the historian, the "Lisao" without rhyme" (

3.Are the historical events recorded in the historical records completely credible?

Not entirely credible.

For example, in the historical records, it is said that Qin Shi Huang was the illegitimate son of Lü Buwei, etc.).

4.From a historical point of view, the "Records of the Historians" opened the history of more than 2,000 years in ancient China"Canonical history"precedent; From a literary point of view, it is the first to use a variety of artistic techniques to present a gallery of lifelike characters. "Historical Records" has also had a great impact on the creation of biographical literature and drama for future generations in China.

5.The first achievement of the "Records of the Historians" is that it preserves a wealth of historical materials. Sima Qian wrote a lot of historical materials for "Historical Records".

b The first one, from the beginning of his father, Sima Tan, was a Taishi order, which has been recorded in many written terms. Second, we said that he has traveled to the famous mountains and rivers of the motherland, and he has personally visited many important ancient battlefields, water control relics, and celebrity hometowns. In this way, he did not believe the written information or rumors, but combined the accusations and judged them.

Therefore, after the discovery and research of the oracle bone inscription in recent decades, it has been proved that the "Historical Records" is completely credible.

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