How does the industry produce acetylene in large quantities? Attention is industry!

Acetylene is produced in large quantities in industry.

The natural gas to acetylene method is adopted.

The raw natural gas and oxygen preheated to 600-650 enter the multi-tube burner plate acetylene furnace, and at 1500, the methane is cracked to obtain about 8% dilute acetylene, and then 99% of the acetylene product is prepared by n-methylpyrrolidone enrichment.

Acetylene, molecular formula C2H2, commonly known as wind coal and calcium carbide gas.

It is the smallest member of the alkyne compound series and is mainly used for industrial purposes, especially in welding metals. Acetylene is a colorless, extremely flammable gas at room temperature. Pure acetylene is odorless, but acetylene for industrial use is due to the presence of hydrogen sulfide.

phosphine and other impurities, while there is a smell of garlic.

Pure acetylene is a flammable gas with a colorless aromatic odor. The acetylene made of calcium carbide is toxic because it is mixed with hydrogen sulfide H2S, phosphine PH3, and hydrogen arsenic, and has a special odor. Melting point (, boiling point -84, relative density, refractive index, refractive index, flash point (open cup), spontaneous ignition point 305.

** limit in the air. There is a danger of violence in liquid and solid states or in gaseous states and under a certain pressure, and can be caused by factors such as heat, vibration, and electric sparks, so it cannot be stored or transported after pressurized liquefaction. Slightly soluble in water, soluble in ethanol.

Benzene, acetone. At 15 μl, the solubility of acetylene in acetone is 237 g l, and the solution is stable.

Therefore, the industry is filled with asbestos.

and other porous substances, so that the porous substances absorb acetone and press acetylene into it for storage and transportation. In order to distinguish it from other gases, the color of acetylene cylinders is generally milky white, the rubber tubing is generally black, and the thread of acetylene pipes is generally left-handed threads (with radial discontinuous grooves on the nut).

The industrial preparation of acetylene is mainly prepared by calcium carbide hydration, partial oxidative cracking of methane and hydrocarbon cracking

1) Calcium carbide method.

There is coke and calcium oxide at 2200 to prepare calcium carbide, and then hydrolyzed to obtain acetylene.

2) Methane partial chlorination cracking.

3) Hydrocarbon cracking.

Pyrolysis with heavy oil or ** to obtain acetylene and by-product ethylene, the typical pyrolysis gas composition is acetylene, ethylene, and the rest are H2 and CO.

Most of the laboratory-made acetylene is prepared by the reaction of saturated salt water and calcium carbide, and its reaction principle is: CAC2 2H2O HC CH +Ca(OH)2.

Calcium carbide (CAC2) is commonly known as calcium carbide. Industrial products are gray, yellow-brown or black, and purple with higher calcium carbide content. Its new section is shiny, gray or off-white when it absorbs moisture in the air.

It can conduct electricity, and the higher the purity, the better the conductivity. It can absorb moisture in the air. Add water to decompose into acetylene and calcium hydroxide.

It reacts with nitrogen to form calcium cyanamide.

The production methods are aerobic heat and electrothermal. Generally, the electrothermal method is used to produce calcium carbide, that is, quicklime and carbon-containing raw materials (coke, anthracite or petroleum coke) are produced in the calcium carbide furnace, relying on the high temperature melting reaction of the arc to generate calcium carbide.

In the laboratory, calcium carbide is commonly used to react with water to produce acetylene. Its reaction with water is quite intense, and the amount of water added can be controlled by a separating funnel to adjust the gas outlet, and saturated salt water can also be used in spring.

1) Principle: Calcium carbide undergoes hydrolysis reaction to generate acetylene. Device: flask and separating funnel (no Qipu generator can be used). Cotton should be placed at the mouth of the flask to prevent foam from overflowing.

2) Reagents: calcium carbide (CAC) and water.

3) Reaction equation: CAC +2H oh Ca(OH) +CH CH.

4) The collection method is chaotic: drainage gas collection method or downward exhaust air collection method (not commonly used).

5) Exhaust gas treatment is Zheng Nai: ignition.

Natural gas to acetylene method:The raw natural gas and oxygen preheated to 600-650 enter the multi-tube burner plate acetylene furnace, and at 1500, the methane is cracked to obtain about 8% dilute acetylene, and then 99% of the acetylene product is prepared by n-methylpyrrolidone enrichment.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - acetylene.

Principle: CAC2+2H2O C2H2 +Ca(OH)2

Drug: CAC2: calcium carbide ion crystal commonly known as calcium carbide or disturbance, calcium carbide often contains calcium sulfide calcium arsenide calcium phosphide, they are combined with water to form H2S ash3 ph3 and other toxic odorous gases can be used with copper sulfate solution to remove impurities.

The use of calcium carbide in bulk form instead of powder form in the experiment is to slow down the reaction rate.

Saturated saline is often used instead of water in the experiment, the purpose is to slow down the reaction rate and obtain a stable acetylene gas flow The rate of acetylene formation can be controlled by adding water dropwise and the speed of saturated saturated saline.

Generator: Solid-liquid room temperature type Collect gas by draining method.

Procedures and precautions:

After assembling the device, check the air tightness first, then add calcium carbide, and then add saturated salt water drop by drop with a separating funnel.

When preparing acetylene, due to the violent reaction between calcium carbide and water and the formation of foam, if the test tube is used as a reactor, in order to prevent the foam from blocking the catheter, a small amount of cotton should be plugged at the mouth of the test tube.

This reaction cannot be used for the following reasons.

1. > reaction is violent and difficult to control.

2. > calcium carbide and water form powdery solids, which will block the lower mouth.

3. The reaction > violently exothermic and easy to burst the reactor.

Phenomenon Potassium permanganate solution fades Bromine's carbon tetrachloride solution fades Flame bright Thick black smoke.

Conclusion: Acetylene is reductive Acetylene can have addition reaction with bromine Acetylene is flammable.

As for your last question, it is safer to use a round-bottom flask due to the intensity of this experiment, but it is not necessary to use a test tube Erlenmeyer flask.

The test tube plus cotton has already been explained earlier.

This is my organic chemistry notes.,It's very complete.,The test center is basically in it.,The test center also has an electronic electronically for calcium carbide The air tightness inspection method of the device, etc.

Laboratory-made acetylene is reacted with saturated salt water and calcium carbide: calcium carbide is added to water to produce calcium hydroxide and acetylene.

1. Calcium carbide method: prepared by the reaction of calcium carbide (bond to calcium carbide) and water. The reaction between calcium carbide and water is quite intense, and the amount of water added can be controlled by a separating funnel to adjust the gas outlet.

Saturated salt water can also be used. After the test was completed, acetylene was collected by drain gas collection method, and the chemical equation was CAC2+2H oh Ca(OH)2+C2H2.

2. Natural gas method: the raw natural gas and oxygen preheated to 600-650 enter the acetylene furnace of the multi-tube burner plate, and at 1500, the methane is cracked to obtain about 8% of the dilute acetylene, and then the acetylene product is enriched with N-methylpyrrolidone to obtain 99% of the manuscript.