The problem of genetic mutations and chromosomal variations

It can't be understood that way, these are two different levels of concept. One is from the micro and the other is from the relative macro. Gene mutation only refers to the variation of gene segments, while chromosomal variation is only the change of the entire chromosome, which cannot be measured by genes, there are too many.

This is based on the scope of the study. In fact, these two do not affect each other, although it is a relationship between inclusion and inclusion.

Do you see that?

A genetic mutation is the deletion or replacement of a base that does not affect the structure of the chromosome.

Chromosomal mutation is the deletion, duplication, reversal, translocation of chromosome arms, etc., which may cause inactivation of some genes, which can be regarded as mutations, but it is not called gene mutations. It's like you don't call an amputation a broken leg.

Chromosomal variation mostly refers to changes in the number and structure of chromosomes, and genetic mutations cannot cause changes in the number and structure of chromosomes.

A gene mutation is a single base change.

For example, the relationship between "chromosomes" and "genes" is similar to that between "state" and "individual": "state" has changed, but "individual" remains; The "individual" died, but the "state" remained. "Chromosomes" and "genes" are two categories of biological vocabulary that contain and are contained.

Gene mutations are often caused by the addition, alteration, or deletion of one or more bases, some of which cause the protein of the gene to lose function, but some of which do not.

Chromosomal mutations generally refer to the addition or deletion of an entire chromosome, or the misalignment of a large internal segment, which often results in developmental malformations of the organism.

The main reason is that chromosomal variation is more extensive than gene mutation, because genes occupy only a few chilitatiths of the information of chromosomes.

Chromosomal mutations include translocations, inversions, deletions, duplications, and quantitative variations, and chromosomal changes often lead to variations in the gene segments on them, and often more than one gene segment. Gene mutations include point mutations (changes in bases), damage to bases, dimer formation, etc., and a gene change is often not visible from the chromosome morphology.

Difference Between Gene Mutation and Chromosomal Variation.

In the body of eukaryotes, chromosomes are carriers of the genetic material DNA. When the number of chromosomes changes (missing, increases) or the structure of chromosomes changes, the genetic information changes, which brings about a change in the traits of the organism's offspring, which is chromosomal variation.

A change in the structure inside a gene that can be inherited, a gene mutation.

Gene mutation refers to a change in the molecular structure of a gene, that is, a change in the order of the deoxynucleotides in the gene, resulting in a change in genetic information. The frequency of genetic mutations is low, but it can produce new genes, which is important for the evolution of organisms. Genetic mutations occur because DNA is duplicated due to internal and external factors.

The classic example is sickle cell anemia. Genetic mutation is the theoretical basis of mutation breeding.

Chromosomal variation is a change in the number or structure of chromosomes. The focus is on the change in numbers. The concept of the chromosome group is important to understand.

There are no homologous chromosomes and no alleles in a chromosome set, but the genetic information contained in a chromosome set is a complete set of genetic information required for ontogeny, that is, a genome is often called. For diploid organisms, all the chromosomes in the gamete are a set of chromosomes. Individuals with an even number of chromosomes are generally of childbearing potential, but individuals with an odd number of chromosomes are highly infertile, such as monoploid and triploid.

Gene mutations occur within a gene and involve only partial base deletions or changes, while chromosomal variations involve the addition or deletion of multiple genes.

Analysis: 1A genetic mutation is a change in a gene caused by the addition, deletion, or replacement of base pairs in a DNA molecule.

It is a variation at the molecular level and can be a change in one or more base pairs in a gene. Gene mutations cause changes in the structure of genes, resulting in the creation of new genes, but the number of genes remains the same.

2.Chromosomal variation includes chromosomal structure and number variation, and chromosomal structural variation is variation at the cellular level.

Genetic mutations and chromosomal variations are two different levels of variation.

All are heritable variants, but they are not stably inherited.

The upstairs is completely correct to add: 1 chromosomal variation is divided into two types: chromosomal number scattering variation and structural variation structural variation: deletion.

Increase. Inverted.

Changes in the chromosome structure mentioned above, such as ectopia, can change the number or order of genes arranged on chromosomes: multiply or decrease in the form of chromosome sets.

Individual chromosomes increase or decrease cavities.

What else don't you understand?

Not necessarily chromosomal variations: chromosome structural variation and chromosome number variation.

Chromosomal structural variations: deletions, duplications, translocations, in place.

Chromosome number variation: one is the increase or decrease of individual chromosomes within the cell, and the other is the exponential increase or decrease in the number of chromosomes in the cell in the form of a set of chromosomes.

The above changes in chromosome structure will change the number and order of genes arranged on chromosomes, resulting in variation of traits. Most chromosomal structural variations are detrimental to living organisms, and some even lead to the death of objects. What's more, if these mutations appear in gametes, the zygotes formed in the future will also contain the mutated chromosomes, and the variations will be passed on to the offspring.

Chromosomal variations can produce new genes, but not new genotypes.

Chromosomal variation includes chromosome number variation and structural variation. Genetic recombination can produce new genotypes, but chromosomal variation and genetic mutation and recombination are two levels of concept.

a. Gene mutation refers to the change of gene structure, which generally does not lead to chromosomal structural variation, A error;

b. Due to the degeneracy of codons, gene mutations do not necessarily change the traits of organisms, or b. errors;

c. Gene mutations and chromosomal structural changes both lead to changes in base sequences, and C is correct;

d. The number of chromosomes and structural variations can be directly observed with a light microscope, but the gene mutations and D errors cannot be observed in the slag mass

Therefore, c

Genetic mutations are an increase in a small number of DNA.

Loss, alteration, etc. Whereas, chromosomes are the absence of the entire DNA.

Increasing isogenetic mutations and chromosomal variants are collectively referred to as mutations. A genetic mutation is a mutation in a gene on a chromosome, that is, a change (increase, decrease) in the composition of the gene (the number of deoxynucleotides or ribonucleotides). Genetic mutations are fundamental to biological evolution**.

Chromosomal variation is divided into structural variation and number variation. Chromosome structural variation is a change in chromosome structure, which can be divided into four types: inversion, translocation, addition, and deletion. Chromosome number variation is a change in the number of chromosomes, which is divided into individual chromosomes addition and chromosomes multiplying or decreasing in the form of chromosome sets.

Chromosomal variation is one of the best parts of biological evolution.