What first aid knowledge and skills should college students master?

The first is of course self-help, including wound treatment, dressing, fixation in case of fractures (bleeding arteries in the face, arms, legs,,,, especially in summer to prevent heat stroke, and treatment of mosquito bites and scars. The second is that to save him, the basic requirements are the same as above, but you also need to learn the essentials of artificial respiration, which is very important.

In life, we will face some sudden accidents all the time, life and health is the foundation and premise of everything, and each of us ordinary people should have a certain basic first aid knowledge to deal with accidents.

1. Sprains. Within 24 hours of the sprain, try to apply an ice pack every hour for half an hour. Wrap the injured area with an elastic compression bandage and raise the injured area.

After 24 hours, the affected area is replaced with a warm compress to promote blood flow to the injured area. Do not move the injured joint at will, otherwise it is easy to cause ligament tear and it is relatively difficult to recover. If the affected area is still painful and immobile after a few days of self-improvement and rest, it is possible that there is a fracture, muscle strain, or ligament rupture, and you need to seek medical attention immediately.

2. Burns. Immediately after a burn, rinse the burned area under running water or apply a cold towel and, if the burn is large, soak the entire body in a bathtub filled with cold water. Gauze or bandages can be loosely wrapped around the burn to protect the wound.

Do not use ice** burns, ice will damage the already broken** and cause the wound to worsen. Do not break the blisters or they will leave a scar. Don't just apply antibiotic ointment or grease to the wound, as these slimy substances can easily get dirty.

In addition, if the patient has a cough, watery eyes, or difficulty breathing, a medical professional is needed. If the area is larger than the palm of the hand, the patient should also go to the hospital to see the professional treatment to avoid scarring.

3. Calf cramps.

When calf cramps, grasp the big toe of the foot on the side of the cramp tightly, twist it upwards vigorously, and at the same time straighten the knee joint to relieve it. In sports, especially swimming, once calf cramps occur, do not panic, otherwise the cramps will be worse due to improper handling, and even cause drowning accidents. At this point, you should immediately put away the cramped leg, paddle with the other leg and both arms, and swim ashore to rest.

When swimming towards the shore, it is important not to overexert the leg on the cramped side to avoid cramping again. Calf cramps occur during other sports and should be rested in place immediately. After the cramps stop, it is still possible to cramp again, so do not engage in strenuous activity and swimming, and pay attention to rest.

You can massage your cramped calves and drink some milk, orange juice and other drinks.

In daily life, accidental injuries are difficult to avoid and unpredictable, and if we do not treat them in time or do not do them properly, we are likely to cause harm to ourselves or others. Therefore, it is very necessary to master some first aid knowledge.

1.Ankle sprain

After an ankle sprain,Stop walkingDo not rub or turn the injured jointso as not to aggravate the injury. Use it immediatelyApply a cold towel or ice cube to the affected areato help reduce swelling, relieve pain, and relieve muscle spasms. After 24 hours, switch to a warm compress

If there is internal bleeding, it is best to compress it with an elastic bandage. If there is a fracture, it is best to immobilize the injured area with a splint or wooden stick and seek medical attention as soon as possible.

2.Hypoglycemia

The clinical symptoms of hypoglycemia are mainly hypoglycemic syndrome, which can have symptoms such as palpitation, palpitations, hunger, weakness, tremors of hands and feet, paleness, sweating, increased heart rate, and mild increase in blood pressure. If onlyMild hypoglycemia, the patient is conscious,You can eat a few candies, a few biscuits, or drink half a glass of sugar water, which can achieve the effect of quickly correcting hypoglycemiaGenerally, the symptoms of hypoglycemia will disappear after ten minutes; If the above methods still do not work or the patient is confused, the patient should be sent to the hospital immediately.

3.Flying insects burrow into the ears

Flying insects burrow into the ear canal, and do not use your fingers or other things to pick it up, so as not to penetrate deeper and deeper into the eardrum and cause hearing loss. The correct way to do this is to go to a dark place and shine a flashlight on the ear canalTake advantage of the phototaxis of insects and use light to draw out flying insects

4.Rhinitis

Saline nasal lavage: 2 grams of table salt, 100 ml of water, bring to a boil, and add the distilled water to a vial. Dip a cotton ball in distilled salt water, drop it into the nasal cavity of the disease, and gently press the sides of the nose with your fingers.

5.Nosebleeds

Don't look up for nosebleeds, as they will not stop them, but will cause them to be sucked into the mouth and airways. The correct way to do this is to pinch the wings of the nose with your fingers for 4 to 8 minutes, or to compress the nasal cavity with a cotton ball soaked in ice water to stop the bleeding. If these methods do not stop the bleeding, you should go to the hospital immediately.

These are the first aid knowledge that I think ordinary people should have.

1. The purpose of on-site first aid: 1. The basic responsibility of the rescuer; 2. The principle of on-site first aid; 3. Emergency call for ambulance; 4. On-site first aid procedures; 5. First aid for electric shock.

2. Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation: 1. Common causes of cardiac arrest; 2. On-site judgment of cardiac arrest; 3. Time is life; 4. On-site manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation operation; 5. The significance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation; 6. Diagnosis of sudden death.

Some commonly used first aid knowledge is taught, such as wound dressing, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and other quite practical knowledge. In contemporary society, with the prosperity of the economy, the improvement of material living standards and the intensification of competition, the communication between the public is becoming more and more frequent, the scope of activities is expanding day by day, the pressure on people is increasing day by day, and the factors of accidental injuries such as frequent natural disasters, production safety accidents, traffic accidents and other public emergencies are also increasing. Once an accidental injury occurs, if people have the awareness of self-rescue and mutual rescue, and can carry out rescue in a timely and correct manner, it is very likely to win the "life-saving time" of rescuing the wounded, and create favorable conditions for later hospital treatment, so as to save the lives of the injured and reduce disability to the greatest extent.

Therefore, it is very necessary to carry out first aid training courses.

The purpose of the observation method is to detect and properly treat the condition in time, so that the patient can turn the crisis into safety. The patient's consciousness, heartbeat, breathing, pupils, etc. are often important items of observation.

1 Observation content and method:

Observe with your eyes: check whether the patient has symptoms such as bleeding and trauma, whether the heart is still beating, and use words to test whether the patient is still awake and whether the patient's ** is pale or bruised. Touch with your hands:

Touching the patient with his hands should be aware of the speed of his pulse, the level of his temperature, the speed of his breathing, and the location of pain.

Auscultation with the ear close to the patient's chest: auscultation includes breathing and heartbeat.

Check the pupils: With the help of flashlight irradiation, pay attention to whether the pupils on both sides are the same size and round, and whether they are sensitive, dull or absent to the irradiation of the flashlight. The normal pupil diameter is about 2 5 3 5 mm, and the diameter of the pupil is more than 5 mm or less than 1 5 mm, which is abnormal, and is often a sign of critical illness.

2 Precautions:

Observe calmly and check for life-threatening symptoms, such as heavy bleeding; Whether there are symptoms of breathing, consciousness, serious injury, poisoning or poisoning, grasp the accurate situation for medical treatment.

Do not move the patient around or handle it alone, but seek a helper whenever possible, and respond as quickly as possible**.