What does tunnel waterproofing standard P mean 5

P6 is the impermeability grade of waterproof concrete, when the embedding depth of the project in the soil is less than 10m, the P6 grade waterproof concrete is used. When the embedding depth of the project in the soil is less than 10 20m, P8 grade waterproof concrete is used.

When the embedding depth of the project in the soil is less than 20 30m, P10 grade waterproof concrete is used.

The cement, sand, stone and additives used in waterproof concrete have relevant requirements in the "Technical Code for Waterproofing of Underground Engineering" GB50108. In underground engineering, the current waterproof concrete impermeability grade selection table is formulated with reference to the practical experience of engineering in various places in the past ten years.

You're talking about IP65 ratings.

One of the definitions of Class P (Dust and Water Resistance):

IP65 IP is the abbreviation of ingress protection, IP rating is the protection level against foreign body intrusion of electrical equipment shells, such as: explosion-proof appliances, waterproof and dustproof appliances, ** is the International Electrotechnical Commission standard IEC 60529, this standard was also adopted as the American national standard in 2004.

In this standard, for the protection of foreign objects in the electrical equipment shell, the format of the IP level is IPXX, where XX is two Arabic numerals, the first mark number indicates the contact protection and foreign object protection level, and the second mark number indicates the waterproof protection level, and the specific protection level can refer to the following **. 00IP is the code used by the international community to determine the protection level The IP level consists of two numbers, the first number means dustproof; The second number indicates water resistance, and the higher the number, the better the level of protection. 00 Dust Grade Number Protection Degree (Refer to the standard:

GB 4208 2008 Enclosure Protection Rating (IP**).

IPXX dust rating (first X denotes) 000: No protection 00

1: Prevent the intrusion of large solids 00

2: Prevents the ingress of medium-sized solids 00

3: Prevent small solids from entering and invading 00

4: Prevent solids larger than 1mm from entering 00

5: Prevent harmful dust accumulation 00

6: Completely prevent dust from entering 00

Water resistance rating (the second x indicates) 00

0: 00 without protection

1: Water droplets drip into the shell without affecting 00

2: When the shell is tilted to 15 degrees, water droplets drip into the shell without any effect 003: Water or rain from the corner of 60 degrees to the shell has no effect 004: Liquid splashed on the shell from any direction has no harmful effect 005: Rinse with water without any harm 00

6: Can be used in the cabin environment 00

7: It can withstand water immersion (1m) 00 in a short time

8: Immerse yourself in water for a long time under a certain pressure 00

IP65 consists of 2 tests – IP6X and IPx5:

When IP6X is tested, it will pump air inside the product and generate negative pressure!

IPX5 3 meters away small water gun flushing!

What does it mean to be waterproof in underground works: grade 2.

Answer: The waterproof grade of underground engineering: grade 2 is based on: "waterproof technical specification for underground engineering" GB 50108-2008, Chapter 3: waterproof design of underground engineering.

Section waterproof rating.

The waterproof grade of underground works should be divided into four levels, and the waterproof standards of each grade should comply with the provisions of the table.

Level 2 waterproof grade, waterproof standard for underground engineering:

Water leakage is not allowed, and there can be a small amount of wet stains on the surface of the structure;

Industrial and civil buildings: the total area of wet stains shall not be greater than 1 1000 of the total waterproof area (including roof, wall and ground).There are no more than 2 wet stains on any 100 m waterproof area, and the maximum area of a single wet stain is not greater;

Other underground works: the total wet area is not more than 2 1000 of the waterproof area;There are no more than 3 wet stains on any 100 m waterproof area, and the area of a single wet stain is not more than m; Among them, the tunnel project also requires that the average seepage water volume is not greater, and the seepage water volume on any 100 m waterproof area is not greater than.

The scope of application of different waterproof grades of underground engineering should be selected according to the importance of the project and the requirements for waterproofing in use.

Scope of application of the secondary waterproof grade:

places where people often move; In the case of a small amount of wet stains, the storage place and the part of the foundation that will not affect the normal operation of the equipment and the safe operation of the project will not cause the goods to deteriorate or fail; Important combat readiness engineering.

When the designer carries out the waterproof design, the waterproof grade should be determined according to the nature, importance, and functional requirements of the building, and then the waterproof material and the structural design project should be selected according to the waterproof grade and the durability of the waterproof layer.

Level 2 Water leakage is not allowed, and there can be a small amount of wet stains on the surface of the structure Industrial and civil buildings: the total area of wet stains is not more than 1% of the total waterproof area, and the area of a single wet stain is not greater than that, and the waterproof area of any 100 m2 is not more than one Other underground works: the total area of wet stains is not more than 6% of the waterproof area, the area of a single wet stain is not more than m2, and the waterproof area of any 100 m2 is not more than 4.

Level 3 There are a small number of water leakage points, and there shall be no line flow and mud and sand leakage A single wet stain area is not more than m2, the water leakage of a single leakage point is not greater than that, and the waterproof area of any 100 m2 is not more than 7.

Class 4 There are water leakage points, and there shall be no line flow and sediment leakage. The average water leakage of the whole project is not more than 2L, and the average water leakage of any 100 m2 waterproof area is not more than 4L

Description: At present, it is very necessary to put forward a waterproof standard in line with the actual situation of underground engineering in China, this article is based on the domestic engineering survey data, with reference to the relevant foreign regulations, combined with the different requirements of underground engineering and the actual situation of underground engineering in China, according to the index of different leakage water volume of underground engineering is divided into four levels.

Refer to the "Technical Code for Waterproofing of Underground Engineering" GB50108-2008 The waterproof grade of underground engineering is divided into four levels.

Among them: Level 2: Water leakage is not allowed, and there can be a small amount of wet stains on the surface of the structure Industrial and civil buildings: the total area of wet stains is not greater than the total waterproof area, and the area of a single wet stain is not greater than that, and the waterproof area of any 100 is not more than 2.

Other underground works: the total area of wet stains is not greater than the waterproof area, the area of a single wet stain is not greater than that, and the waterproof area of any 100 is not more than 3; Among them, the tunnel project also requires that the average seepage water volume is not greater than (d), and the water seepage water on any 100 waterproof area is not greater than (

d) The average water leakage of the whole project is not more than 2L (.).d), the average water leakage of any 100 m2 waterproof area is not more than 4L ( .d）

Two waterproofs, generally waterproof concrete is counted as one, and then a waterproof layer is added.

In the construction of railways, highways and other tunnels, VA waterproof board is used as the main waterproof material, and concave-convex waterproof board is mainly used as hydrophobic and drainage, so in the construction of water-rich tunnels, concave-convex waterproof board is mainly used. However, tunnels with less water seepage in the surrounding rock and initial support are rarely used.

For the use of high-speed rail, urban rail, highways, tunnels EVA waterproof membrane with hot melt gaskets, various specifications of a word (cross) absolutely known edge tie, SK-2 (SK-3) sleeper rail protection is only set, waterproof screw cap.

In addition to the tunnel lining concrete using high impermeability concrete for self-waterproofing, the external waterproofing methods of different tunnels are different.

The underground excavation tunnel adopts composite lining, and between the primary support and the secondary primary masonry, waterproofing membrane (EVA, PVC) + geotextile or non-woven fabric (mainly playing the role of protecting waterproof membrane) is generally used for waterproofing;

The external waterproofing of the open-cut tunnel is similar to that of the culvert, and the membrane + paint waterproof or separate coating waterproofing is used;

The core of the external waterproofing of the shield tunnel is the waterproofing of the lining segment joints, and the neoprene elastic gasket is mainly used in China; In addition, the shield machine will carry out backfill grouting around the outer edge of the lining ring while advancing to form an impermeable consolidation layer to achieve the purpose of waterproofing.

Answer: Tunnel waterproofing: The waterproofing measures taken to ensure that the tunnel operation will not be caused by water leakage and water accumulation, which will affect the use of functions and corrode equipment. Generally, a comprehensive treatment method combining interception, plugging and drainage is adopted. Mountain tunnels are often mainly drained, and underwater tunnels are often blocked.

The specific waterproof technologies are: (1) interception, setting up a water interception ditch and a drainage ditch at the entrance of the tunnel to cut off the water source flowing to the tunnel, or diverting the surface water. (2) plugging, a waterproof layer is set in the tunnel, the shield tunnel segment is made of waterproof concrete, and 1 2 rubber sealing rings, caulking grooves, bolt waterproof washers and other anti-plugging and leakage are set at the joints, and the lining is filled with grouting behind the backing, and the cavity of the lining is filled and compacted.

3) drainage, set up a drainage ditch pipe in the tunnel, and use the tunnel slope to discharge the water out of the tunnel; In the inverted underwater tunnel, a sump well can be set at the lowest part of the tunnel, and then the water is pumped out of the tunnel step by step with a multi-stage centrifugal pump. [1]

Ask how much is the usual business ** of the tunnel waterproofing.

Answer: Tunnel waterproof plugging includes engineering exterior wall paint, advanced water-based exterior wall paint, super water-based exterior wall paint, multi-functional elastic waterproof paint and so on. **From 200 to 1000, it is recommended to visit the store. The ability of the extended waterproof coating film to adapt to the deformation of the base layer.

After the tunnel is waterproofed and plugged into a film, it must have a certain extensibility to adapt to the deformation of the base layer caused by temperature difference, dry and wet and other factors, and ensure the waterproof effect.

The activation code is okay, it's okay.

Ghent 8 Poison Hungry Led Tired JS Hot Hot Two Pei, Listen Oh Trying to Refuse! Boom!

It is recommended to make two layers of waterproof layer for the tunnel: one coating and one membrane.

The general requirements for waterproof concrete for tunnel works are as follows:

1. The impermeability grade of waterproof concrete in tunnel engineering has to be small S8.

2. When the lining is in the erosive groundwater environment, the erosion resistance system of concrete should not be less than. The erosion resistance coefficient of concrete is calculated as follows: ns=rws rwy, where ns is the erosion resistance coefficient of concrete; RWS is the flexural strength of concrete test blocks cured in erosion water for 6 months; RWY is the flexural strength of concrete test blocks cured in drinking water for 6 months.

3. When subjected to freeze-thaw action, pozzolana Portland cement and fly ash Portland cement should not be used.

4. The cement dosage of waterproof concrete for tunnel engineering shall not be less than 320kg m3, the cement strength grade shall not be lower than the grade, and the water-cement ratio shall not be greater than; When infiltrating the active fine powder, it shall not be less than 280kg m3.

5. The waterproof concrete structure should meet: (1) the crack width should not be greater than and not penetrate; (2) The protective layer of the main reinforcement on the frontal surface should not be less than 50mm; (3) The thickness of the lining should not be less than 30cm.

6. The impermeability level of the specimen should be higher than the design requirements.

7. When waterproof concrete is used, effective waterproof measures should be taken for various gaps in the lining to make the lining obtain the overall waterproof effect.

Answer] A [Answer Analysis] The test center is the construction content of the subway tunnel excavated by spraying anchors, which is a professional and technical test question. a is the correct optionAs the name suggests, the spray anchor excavation method is a construction technology of excavation and pouring at the same time, and its principle is:

Using the self-stabilizing ability of the soil layer in the excavation process for a short time, the non-slotted construction method of taking appropriate support measures to form a close-fitting thin-walled supporting structure on the surface of the surrounding rock or soil layer is mainly suitable for geology such as cohesive soil layer, sand layer and sand egg layer. Because the construction of the underground excavation method saves many procedures such as approval, demolition, and road excavation, it is widely used in urban underground engineering. Due to different geological conditions, the structure of the underground excavation construction tunnel is also changing

In the dry and waterless hard surrounding rock, the interval tunnel can be lined with a single layer, without waterproof isolation layer and secondary lining, but the construction technology and weathering resistance of shotcrete have higher requirements, and the surface of the lining concrete should be smooth, and a large number of cracks are not allowedWhen the waterproof requirements are not high and the surrounding rock has a certain self-stability ability, the interval tunnel can be lined with single-layer molded concrete, without initial support and waterproof isolation layer. Temporary supports made of wood, steel or spray anchors can be set up if necessary.

Unlike stressed units, in general, temporary supports are removed for the next use when concrete is poured. Single-layer molded concrete lining is also known as monolithic lining, in order to adapt to different surrounding rock conditions, monolithic lining can be made into equal cross-section straight wall type and equal cross-section or variable cross-section curved wall type, the former is suitable for hard surrounding rock, the latter is suitable for soft surrounding rock

The waterproof plugging of tunnels can be divided into front-mounted, middle-mounted and post-maintenance types in chronological order. The advantage of the front-loading type is that it prevents flooding. The creation construction was carried out in the absence of water.

Make the concrete body self-waterproof and other waterproof processes have a good construction environment. Achieve the best results. It can be done step by step to ensure the safety of construction and speed up the construction progress.

The mid-mounted type is carried out synchronously with tunneling, with water and water blockage. Eliminate flooding for road excavation. Speed up the construction schedule.

Ensure construction safety. The post-maintenance type is before the acceptance of the tunnel project. All tunnel leakage defects are completely repaired.

Achieve a high level of engineering.