The relationship between intensity and tsunami height

Tsunamis are usually caused by the seafloor with an epicenter within 50 km below the seafloor and above the Richter scale. The wavelength of the tsunami is larger than the maximum depth of the ocean, and the propagation near the seabed is not much hindered, regardless of the depth of the ocean, the wave can propagate past, the speed of the tsunami in the ocean is about 500 to 1,000 kilometers per hour, and the distance between the two adjacent wave heads may also be as far as 500 to 650 kilometers, once the tsunami enters the continental shelf, due to the sharp shallowness of the depth, the wave height increases suddenly, and the wave movement of its waves can reach 20 to 30 meters high, and form a "wall of water", Such waves can be devastating.

There is no direct linear relationship between the magnitude of the earthquake and the height of the tsunami, and if the epicenter occurs in the shallow layer of the seabed, it will cause a tsunami, which is possible from more than ten meters to twenty or thirty meters. A strong earthquake of magnitude 9 or higher also depends on the location of the epicenter, if it is the best location to cause a tsunami, the tsunami can reach more than 30 meters, or even as high as 100 meters.

The intensity of the tsunami is directly related to the speed of the tsunami, the speed of the tsunami is related to the magnitude of the tsunami, and the depth of the sea water at the source of the tsunami, the greater the magnitude, the deeper the seawater, the faster the tsunami speed, which can reach 500-800 kilometers per hour, the tsunami is the back wave pushing the front wave, and the water wall can be formed dozens of meters high when approaching the shore, which has great destructive power.

Tsunamis can reach up to 85 meters, and the world's tallest tsunami was the Ryukyu Islands in 1771.

Tsunami, tsunami is caused by the bottom of the sea**, volcanic eruptions.

Destructive waves from submarine landslides or climate change, with tsunami waves reaching speeds of up to 700-800 kilometers per hour.

Tsunamis are usually caused by seafloors with an epicenter within 50 km below the seafloor and above the earthquake level**, but can also be caused by underwater, coastal landslides or volcanic eruptions. After a single jolt, the ** wave travels a great distance in an ever-expanding circle on the surface of the sea. The wavelength of a tsunami is larger than the maximum depth of the ocean, and the waves can travel regardless of the depth of the ocean.

On December 26, 2004, a Richter Category 9 seabed occurred off Sumatra, Indonesia. The tsunami struck Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Bangladesh, Maldives, Myanmar and the east coast of Africa, killing more than 300,000 people. The exact number of deaths is no longer available.

See Indian Ocean Large, 2004**.

In July 1998, about 2,100 people in Papua New Guinea were killed by a two-scale seabed**.

In September 1992, a tsunami struck Nicaragua.

On August 25, 1883, a volcanic eruption in the Dutch East Indies caused a tsunami that killed 36,000 people.

Location of the source of the wave Date Wave height (m) Affected area Number of fatalities Remarks.

Vancouver Island, Canada, January 26, 1700Northern California to Vancouver Island, Japan

Portugal 1 November 1755 16 Western Europe, Morocco and the West Indies 60,000

Ryukyu Islands April 24, 1771 85 Ryukyu Islands 11,941

Sunda Strait 26 August 1883 35 Java and Sumatra 36,000

Japan Sanriku 1896 30 Japan 27,122

Aleutian Islands April 1, 1946 32 Aleutian Islands, Hawaii and California 165

Chile 22 May 1960 25 Chile, Hawaii and Japan 1,260

Alaska March 27, 1964 32 Alaska, Aleutian Islands and California

Celebes Sea 16 August 1976 30 Philippine Islands 5,000

Off the coast of north-western Sumatra, 26 December 2004Indian Ocean Tsunami below 300,000.

It will cause a large number of human and livestock deaths, as well as damage to buildings and other facilities.

Tsunamis are powerful and can quickly hit villages and cities, as well as devour people and buildings. Tsunamis cause a large number of deaths of people and animals, and if the corpses are not cleaned up in time, they will also cause germs and plagues, causing serious harm to human beings and life and property.

Tsunamis are destructive waves with waves of up to 7-8 kilometers per hour due to seafloor eruptions, submarine landslides, or meteorological changes. Tsunamis are mainly controlled by the topography of the seabed, the geometry of the coastline and the characteristics of the waves, and the roaring waves and ice walls repeat themselves every few minutes or tens of minutes, destroying the embankments, flooding the land, and taking away life and property, which is extremely destructive.

Tsunamis are caused by the uplift and subsidence of the seafloor caused by **. The sudden deformation of the seabed caused a large surge of seawater from the seabed to the surface of the sea, resulting in a tsunami that hit the coastal areas. Since a tsunami moves the sea as a whole, it is much more destructive than a normal wave.

Under the influence of typhoons and low atmospheric pressure, the sea surface can cause huge waves, sometimes several meters high, but the wave width is limited, from a few meters to hundreds of meters, so the amount of sea water that hits the shore is also limited. Tsunamis are different, although the tsunami is only a few centimeters to several meters high in the distant sea, but due to the large range of the sea uplift, sometimes the width of the tsunami is hundreds of kilometers, and the destructive power of this huge "water block" is very huge, seriously endangering the buildings and human lives on the shore. According to Hideo Matsutomi, an associate professor at Akita University in Japan, the Indian Ocean tsunami pushed a 50-ton ship from the sea to a distance of 1 2 kilometers off the coast of Thailand.

Judging from the relevant data, the tsunami is as high as 2 meters, and the wooden houses will be destroyed in an instant; The tsunami was more than 20 meters high, and the reinforced concrete buildings were difficult to withstand.

One of the characteristics of a tsunami is that it is fast, and the deeper the water where it occurs, the faster the tsunami. Kenji Satake, head of the Active Fault Research Center at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), said: "The deeper the water, the more water is surging due to changes in the seabed, and the faster it will move on the surface after a tsunami is formed."

If the water depth is 5,000 meters in the place where the earthquake occurred, the tsunami and the jet speed are about the same, up to 800 kilometers per hour, and when it moves to a depth of 10 meters, the speed slows down to 40 kilometers per hour. As the front waves slow down and the back waves push over and overlap, the tsunami to shore waves rise, and if the coastal seabed topography is V-shaped, the waves set off by the tsunami will be higher. ”

The height of the waves generated by the tsunami depends on the depth of the sea. Tsunamis travel at about 500 to 1,000 kilometers per hour in the ocean, and the distance between two adjacent waves can be as far as 500 to 650 kilometers.

Signs before the tsunami:

1. The sea water bursts back and rises. Generally, on the eve of a tsunami, the seabed crust will undergo a severe crustal impact or fracture, which will cause a violent retreat and violent retreat of the seawater**. If you do this, make sure to do everything you can to escape from the beach, and the farther away you are, the more you can save your life.

2. The shallow sea area of the coast suddenly turns white, and at the same time, a long bright wall of water will appear in front of you. Because tsunami waves appear on the eve of a tsunami, and the speed of these tsunami waves slows down as the sea becomes shallower, the new tsunami waves will be much faster than those that arrive in the shallow waters, and they will continue to overlap with the shallow sea slower tsunami waves to form a relatively high water wall. At this time, you must flee as fast as possible!

3. Ships in shallow sea areas are violently jolting up and down. This is also because of the fact that when the huge tsunami wave arrived, it was as if they did not get up early.

4. There will be a terrifying loud noise and roar suddenly on the sea. This is caused by the powerful impact force caused by various impacts and fractures on the seabed, and it is caused by the roar of the tsunami waves.

Tsunamis are huge fluctuations in the sea caused by volcanic eruptions, or severe storms. The most common of these are storms and tsunamis. The destructive power of the tsunami is very high, and the waves it stirs up can reach up to 20 or 30 meters high, and from the coast, it can be said that the sky is overwhelming, and it is difficult for ordinary levees to withstand its strong impact.

On June 15, 1890, the tsunami that struck the Sea of Japan leveled more than 10,000 houses and killed more than 27,000 people.

On May 22, 1960, a major tsunami broke out in the coastal region of Chile, South America, accompanied by one of the most destructive tsunamis to date. The average wave height of the tsunami off the coast of Chile was 10 meters, with the largest wave reaching a height of 25 meters. The wave also travels along the Pacific Ocean at a speed of about 700 kilometers per hour, reaching a height of 9 meters when it reaches Hawaii, more than 10,000 kilometers away; By the time it reached the coasts of Japan and Russia, the wave height was still meters.

The tsunami caused great damage to the countries along the Pacific coast, with more than 300 people killed, more than 100 ships capsized, and more than 3,000 houses collapsed in Japan alone.

On August 27, 1983, Mount Krakatoa erupted in Indonesia, and 30 minutes later, it triggered a powerful tsunami that killed tens of thousands of people and destroyed hundreds of villages and towns. One of the ** was pushed to land and finally stopped at a place more than 1,000 meters away from the coast, which shows the huge power of the tsunami.

On November 12, 1970, a strong typhoon with a maximum wind speed of 70 meters per second occurred in the Bay of Bengal in the northeastern Indian Ocean, resulting in a rare severe tsunami in the region, with a maximum wave height of nearly 10 meters. 300,000 people died, 1 million were left homeless, a large amount of sea water washed into the land, and more than 20,000 square kilometers of land were washed away by "water".

The speed of the tsunami is set to be x kilometers per hour, and the speed of the tsunami is y kilometers per hour

Then {y=100x25x+y=1000, the solution is {x=8y=800

A: The walking speed is 8 km/h, and the tsunami speed is 800 km/h.