What is the composition of the galvanic battery circuit? The composition conditions of the galvanic

Electrolyte solutions, reactive and inactive metals, wires.

The galvanic battery has two electrodes, and the electrode reaction that occurs in different galvanic cells is generally different (and there are also the same), but no matter what galvanic battery is, the pole that loses electrons is always negative, and the pole that gains electrons is always positive.

Conditions that make up a galvanic battery:

1) There must be a redox reaction that can spontaneously occur.

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2) There are two materials with different activity as electrode materials;

3) The cathode, anode, and electrolyte solution together form a closed circuit.

A device that generates an electric current through a redox reaction is called a galvanic cell, which can also be said to be chemical energy.

A device that converts into electrical energy.

Some galvanic cells can constitute reversible batteries, while their own galvanic batteries are not reversible batteries. When the galvanic cell is discharged, the negative electrode undergoes an oxidation reaction.

A reduction reaction occurs at the positive electrode.

For example, copper-zinc primary batteries, also known as Daniel batteries, have a positive electrode of copper electrode, which is immersed in copper sulfate solution; The negative electrode is a zinc plate, immersed in a zinc sulfate solution. The two electrolyte solutions are connected with a salt bridge, and the two poles are connected with wires to form a galvanic cell. Dry cell batteries for everyday use.

It is made according to the principle of galvanic cells.

Galvanic cell formation conditions:1.The electrode material is composed of two metals with different reactivity, or composed of metal front combustion and other conductive materials (non-metals or certain oxides, etc.).

2.Electrolytes are present.

3.There is a wire connection between the two electrodes, and the silver or virtual forms a closed loop.

4.The reaction that takes place is a spontaneous redox reaction.

As long as the first three conditions are met, it can constitute a galvanic battery. On the other hand, a chemical power supply requires a continuous and stable current, so in addition to the three components of the galvanic battery, it is also required to have a spontaneous chemical reaction. In other words, the chemical power source must be defeated by the galvanic battery, but the galvanic battery may not be able to be a chemical battery.

Common electrodes:a.Metals with different activity: such as zinc-copper galvanic batteries, zinc as the negative electrode, copper as the positive electrode.

b.Metals and non-metals (non-metals must be able to conduct electricity): such as zinc-manganese dry batteries, zinc as the negative electrode, graphite as the positive electrode.

c.Metals and compounds such as lead-acid batteries, lead plates as the negative electrode, and lead dioxide as the positive electrode.

d.Inert electrodes, such as hydrogen and oxygen fuel cells, are platinum.

The battery is a component of the circuit that blocks the defeat brother (Jane attack).

a.Load. b.In the middle, there is a dry Kai link.

c.Power supply. d.Other.

Correct answer: c

A galvanic battery is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. Therefore, according to the definition, ordinary dry batteries and fuel cells can be called primary batteries. Basic conditions for the composition of galvanic cells:

1. Insert two metals (or conductive elements) with different reactivity (PT and graphite are inert electrodes, that is, they will not gain or lose electrons) (one is a relatively reactive metal and the other is a relatively inactive metal) 2. Insert it into the electrolyte solution after connecting it with a wire to form a closed loop. 3. Spontaneous redox reaction should occur. The working principle of the galvanic battery The primary battery cell is to take place the oxidation reaction and reduction reaction of a redox reaction that can be carried out spontaneously on the negative and positive electrodes of the galvanic battery, respectively, so as to generate an electric current in the external circuit.

Judgment of the electrode of the galvanic battery: Negative pole with discussion: the pole where electrons flow out; a pole with an elevated valency; the pole where the oxidation reaction takes place; A pole of relatively active metal.

Positive electrode: the pole where electrons flow in; a pole with reduced valence of bridge finch; the pole where the reduction reaction takes place; A pole of a relatively inactive metal or other conductor. In galvanic cells, the outer circuit conducts electricity with electrons, and in the electrolyte solution, it conducts with ions.

Determination of galvanic battery: (1) First analyze whether there is an external circuit, the electrolytic cell with external power supply, and the galvanic battery without external power supply; Then, according to the analysis and judgment of the formation conditions of the galvanic battery, it is mainly "four looks": look at the electrode - the two electrodes are metals or conductive elements and there is a difference in activity (the electrodes of fuel cells are generally inert electrodes); Look at the solution – the poles are inserted into the electrolyte; Look at the loop – form a closed loop or direct contact between the poles; Look at the essence - whether there is a redox reaction or not.

2) When multiple cells are connected, but there is no external power supply, the pool with the largest difference in the activity of the two poles is the galvanic battery, and the other cells can be regarded as electrolytic cells.

Dry battery structure: This is the earliest battery to be used, most of the ordinary dry batteries are manganese-zinc batteries, the middle is a positive carbon rod, a mixture of graphite and manganese dioxide is covered, and then a layer of fiber net, the net is coated with a very thick electrolyte paste, which is composed of ammonia chloride solution and starch, and a small amount of preservatives.

Dry cell battery working principle is good to deal with dust and lead: The main working principle of dry cell battery is that the redox reaction is realized in a closed loop.

The spontaneous redox reaction does not necessarily constitute a galvanic cell, but the redox dissipation macro reaction between the negative electrode and the electrolyte solution of the galvanic cell must be spontaneous. In addition to the redox reaction that can be carried out spontaneously, the galvanic battery must also be made of; Two metals with different reactive properties (or one of which is a non-metallic conductor) constitute the positive and negative electrodes; The electrolyte punch should be inserted into the electrolyte solution; and form a closed loop.

Therefore, without the spontaneous redox reaction, there is no slippage method to form a galvanic cell, and the Cu H2SO4 Ag you are talking about is not a galvanic cell.

First of all, the flow direction of electrons in the circuit is: from the positive electrode to the negative electrode in the power supply, and the power supply from the negative electrode to the positive electrolytic cell outside the power supply is outside, so the electrons start from the negative electrode of the power supply, first to the cathode, then to the anode, and finally return to the positive electrode of the power supply, and the galvanic battery is the power supply;

Note that there is virtually no transfer of electrons in the solution from the positive electrode to the negative electrode, and the transfer of charge is mainly achieved by the movement of charged anions and cations.

For inert electrodes:

Cathode: 2cu +4e = 2cu

Anode: 2H O + 4e = 4H + O

Total equation: 2cu +2h o=2cu+o +4h copper cong zinc galvanic battery, also known as Daniel battery, its positive electrode is copper electrode, immersed in copper sulfate solution; The negative electrode is a zinc plate, immersed in a zinc sulfate solution. The two electrolyte solutions are connected with a salt bridge, and the two poles are coarsely connected with wires to form a galvanic cell.

The dry batteries used in daily use are made according to the principle of galvanic batteries.