I don t know which brother has information about nuclear physics, Xiaosheng knelt down and begged

Nuclear physics.

The nucleus is a structure of matter that is one level deeper than an atom. Nuclear physics is the study of the properties of the atomic nucleus, its internal structure, internal motion, internal excitation state, decay process, fission process, and the reaction process between them.

After the discovery of the atomic nucleus, it was thought that the nucleus was composed of protons and electrons. In 1932, the British scientist Chadwick discovered the neutron, which led to the realization that the nucleus of the atom may have a more complex structure.

Protons and neutrons are collectively called nucleons, neutrons are not charged, and protons are positively charged, so there is electrostatic repulsion between protons. Although the gravitational force attracts the nucleons to each other, the electrostatic repulsion between the two protons is more than a trillion times greater than the gravitational force between them. So, there must be a third fundamental interaction – the strong interaction force.

The force by which a nucleon combines to form an atomic nucleus is called the nuclear force, and the nuclear force is superior to strong interactions. Estimated from the size of the nucleus and the cross-section of the nucleon and nucleon when it collides, the effective distance range of the nuclear force is about one quadrillionth of a meter.

The nucleus is mainly formed by strong interactions that bind nucleons, and when the structure of the nuclei changes or reactions occur between the nuclei, a large amount of energy is absorbed or released. Some very heavy nuclei (such as uranium nuclei) absorb one neutron and then fission into two lighter nuclei, emitting 20 to 30 neutrons and a lot of energy. Two very light nuclei can also fuse into one heavier nucleus, releasing a huge amount of energy at the same time.

This process of fusion of atomic nuclei is called fusion.

The invention of the particle accelerator and the construction of fission reactors made it possible to obtain a large number of high-energy protons, electrons, photons, nuclei and a large number of neutrons. It can be used to bombard the nucleus and systematically study the properties of the nucleus and its movements, transformations and interactions.

High-energy physics studies have found that nucleons also have internal structures. The structure of the atomic nucleus is a more complex field of research than the structure of the atom, and at present, the existing theories about the structure of the atomic nucleus, the reaction and decay of the atomic nucleus are all model theories, and some of them are quite successful in reflecting the objective laws of the atomic nucleus.

The energy released by the fission of one kilogram of uranium is equivalent to the energy released when about 20,000 tons of TNT explosives** are released, and the energy released by the fusion of one kilogram of heavy hydrogen nuclei is several times greater. The process by which light nuclei fuse into heavier nuclei and release energy is the energy of the sun for billions of years, and it is also the energy of thermonuclear nuclei. If the fusion reaction of heavy hydrogen can be carried out in a controlled manner, then the energy problem will be solved more thoroughly.

Because the radiation emitted by radioisotopes can produce various physical, chemical, and biological effects, radioisotopes have a wide range of applications in industry, agriculture, medicine, and scientific research.

Is it good to talk about integrity Don't kneel and beg for everything The eldest husband only kneels to his parents ......The Chinese nation cannot have the habit of speaking like this.

<> "The number in the figure represents the smallest unit of indivisible positive and negative electromagnetic information - qubits (qubits) by the famous physicist John. John Wheeler famously said, "It from bit."

After the development of quantum information research, this concept was sublimated to the point that everything originates from qubits) Note: Bits are bits.

The binding energy is the energy required by the nucleus to bind a proton, (1) 235*mega.

2) 136*megabytes.

90*trillion. 3) Emission of energy (nuclear power plants use this to generate electricity, it must release o ( o isn't it), about (2) minus (1) absorption, is a trillion.

That's pretty much it, it's easy to understand.

Actually, it is mainly the Lorentz force that provides the centripetal force, qvb=mv r, i.e., r=mv qb.

The whole nuclear reaction process is as follows: N+ F O+P.

Conservation according to momentum: (m)v=(mo)v+(mp)v.

If the mass of the nucleus is substituted for the mass of the nucleus, it is approximate m = 4, mo = 16, mp = 1, that is, 4v = 16v + (-v), 16v = 5v.

The particle is a HE nucleus with a positive charge of 2 units; n nucleus with 7 units of positive charge; According to the conservation of electric charge, it can be obtained that p protons have 1 positive charge and o nuclei have 8 positive charges.

The ratio of the radius of the circular motion of the proton to the radius of the circular motion of the recoil oxygen nucleus r:r=[(mp)v (qp)]:mo)v (qo)]=v 1):(16v 8)=8:5.

This is only a theoretical value, and it is true that in the process of nuclear reaction, the oxygen nucleus cannot be completely ionized with 8 positive charges, so in fact, this ratio is less than 8:5.

The atomic weight of uranium is 92 electrons in an atom, and the electron part is removed when calculating the binding energy of each nucleon (average binding energy of nucleons).

The uranium-238 nucleus contains 92 protons and 146 neutrons, which can be calculated by mass loss.

Suppose 92 protons and 146 neutrons combine into a uranium-238 nucleus, and the resulting mass loss is.

m=92* -92*

According to the energy released in the event of a mass loss of 1U, the binding energy of the nucleus of uranium-238 is e=

Then the binding energy of each nucleon is.

e average = .

The eighty-fifth chapter of Deng Rui's second marquis returns to the lord of Zhou The eighty-sixth chapter of the five mountains of Mianchi County returns to heaven The eighty-seventh chapter of Tuxingsun and his wife are killed.

You may have calculated that the hunger may be because you regard the mass of the [hydrogen atom and helium atom] given in the question as the mass of the [hydrogen nucleus and helium nucleus], without subtracting the mass of the electricity shouting bad suspect.

The energy of neutrinos should neither be added nor subtracted, but should not be taken into account. This is because Zheng Shou's theory is based on Einstein's mass-energy equation, and particles without mass cannot appear in the equation.

The results alone will work. This is the principle of the animation "Nothing Falls from the Sky". The atomic and hydrogen bombs are based on this principle:

The atomic bomb is nuclear fission, and the hydrogen bomb is nuclear fusion, which is to change the elements by external forces to change the number of protons in the atom and the electrons around the nucleus, and to obtain energy by changing the mass loss generated in the process.

However, in terms of process, fission energy is carried out because the radioactive elements themselves are unstable, and fission will occur under the bombardment of neutrons; The great change is because the hydrogen element itself is very small, and the space inside the nucleus is relatively larger, making it easier for the nuclei to gather in pairs. For an element that is stable in a conventional environment such as iron, such a change still requires very strict external forces, and even impossible external force conditions, at least for now.

Theoretically, but not in practice, it seems that there is no way to reduce the number of protons and neutrons that a certain atomic nucleus would expect, but relatively large atomic weights, such as radium, decay into radon after emitting particles. Or use nuclear fission or fusion to transform one nucleus into another nucleus and release energy, which is the principle of nuclear power generation and nuclear power generation.

Yes, you're talking about fusion and fission in nuclear reactions, but there's a specific atom-to-atom effect.