Is it better to trade free or protect trade?

There are pros and cons.

Freely**. 1) Freedom** can form a mutually beneficial international division of labor. Under the freedom, countries can according to natural conditions, compare the benefits and factors of abundance, and specialize in the production of products with greater advantages or less disadvantages, and this international division of labor can bring many benefits, such as the benefits of specialization, the optimal allocation of factors, the conservation of social resources, and technological innovation.

2) Expand real national income. By developing sectors with comparative advantages according to their own endowment conditions, the factors will be reasonably and effectively distributed and used, and then more things will be exchanged for less through the first expense, so as to increase national wealth.

3) Under freedom**, national spending is reduced due to the import of cheap goods.

4) Freedom** can strengthen competition, reduce monopoly, and improve economic efficiency. Enterprises compete with their foreign counterparts under the conditions of freedom, which will eliminate or weaken monopoly power, and in the long run, promote a country's economic growth.

5) Freedom** is conducive to increasing the rate of profit and promoting capital accumulation. Through the adjustment of commodity import and export, it can reduce costs, increase income levels, increase capital accumulation, and enable the economy to continue to develop.

Two. Protection**.

It is a basic type of foreign policy, as opposed to liberalization. It refers to the state to take various measures to intervene in foreign countries to protect the domestic market from competition from foreign goods, and to give preferential treatment or subsidies to domestic exporters to reward exports. Its main contents are:

In terms of imports, the state adopts various import restriction measures, such as imposing high import taxes, import quotas, import licensing systems, foreign exchange controls, etc., to protect the domestic market from foreign competition; In terms of exports, cash subsidies and various financial incentives are given to domestic exporters to encourage commodity exports. "Prizes are restricted" 。In short, it is to encourage exports.

The traditional theory of freedom and the theory of comparative interest and factor endowment are the basic theories of the international world, which play an irreplaceable role in explaining the causes of the world, but its assumptions have many unrealistic points, and the protection theory is put forward after revising these unrealistic assumptions. Therefore, the theory of freedom and the theory of protection are not absolutely opposites, but there is a certain complementarity, that is, the theory of protection is the revision and development of the theory of freedom.

Homework?? I'm a student, so I can only share my own views and ideas, and I'll refer to it.

First of all, when I see this question, my first feeling is that you don't have a good understanding of freedom and protection, especially "is freedom or protection?" Generally speaking, everyone will say that freedom is better and contributes to economic development, so why does protection still exist? And many countries are also doing it?

This question is very amateurish, of course, from the perspective of the global economy, freedom is more able to promote global development, but because the level of economic development of various countries is different, the comparative advantages and comparative advantages of domestic industries are also different, so let the global economy be laissez-faire, many underdeveloped countries will be hit hard, and the basic industries will be developed.

For example, in automobile production, from the very beginning, China has lagged behind Japan, the United States and other major automobile countries by several decades!! At this time, if China does not protect the development of China's auto industry through policy protection and other means, then according to capital flows, China can only become the least profitable assembly and production link in the industrial chain. Extremely low profits!!

It is simply not related to the high additional areas at both ends of the smile curve.

Give you a direction and ideas, and think about other problems for yourself!! The way of understanding the professional vocabulary of the international ** can not be the same as the understanding of vocabulary in primary school, only from the literal understanding, each of our words has its background and hidden meaning!!

In this era of freedom, the wind is blowing, but protection will not disappear, because different countries have their most fundamental interests. That's the foundation. No destruction.

Freedom**Good.

According to the theory of comparative advantage, countries produce products in which they have a comparative advantage and import products that are relatively inferior can maximize the output of countries with limited resources.

There are many reasons to protect.

For example, Western politicians belong to certain interest groups, and in order to protect the interests of these groups from being influenced, some protective measures are taken.

There is also a Western democratic election system, politicians in order to get votes, will pay more attention to the unemployment rate these indicators, if a ** will impact some domestic industries, resulting in the unemployment of workers in these industries, politicians will take ** protection measures to protect the domestic industry.

Freedom with a certain degree of protection is best.

Policies should be refined by industry and product according to factors such as the international market environment and the level of domestic industrial development.

The basis for the emergence of freedom is comparative advantage.

Theory: Regions should work on production costs between regions.

Inefficient goods in exchange for goods that cannot be produced at low cost. To put it bluntly, it's almost the same as opening a grocery store, buying and selling at a low price, earning the difference, Britain is in the Industrial Revolution.

After the implementation of dozens of years of free policy, the reason is that its industrial production capacity is much higher than that of other countries and regions, and it can grab a lot of wealth through the free policy. On the other hand, protection is the opposite of freedom.

Through state intervention, restrictions (tariff barriers or non-tariff barriers) are imposed on foreign countries to curb the competitiveness of foreign goods, and domestic products are supported to enhance their competitiveness through taxation and policies. Therefore, the freedom ** can be understood as a spear used to attack when it is strong; ** Protection can understand the shield used to taoguang when my enemies are strong. Its advantages and disadvantages are difficult to discuss, because it needs to be built on a certain economic model, and the actual international conditions are more complex, and it is impossible for a country to implement the same Bibi policy for all import and export products.

Freedom**RightDeveloping countriesThe development is more favorable.

In today's economic globalization.

In the form of freedom, it is more conducive to the participation of developing countries in the international division of labor. The economic advantages or disadvantages of the developing countries in the free world will be improved in the division of labor and their position in the international community will be consolidated.

Second, freedom** is conducive to promoting productivity in developing countries. Export growth can certainly stimulate the development of productive forces and the national economy.

And it evolves.

Freedom** meaning.

The development of freedom ** affects national interests.

Relationship with international obligations. The formation of the multilateral (or bilateral) trade stool system has put forward new requirements for the certification of a national interest, that is, the actual scope of national interests should maintain a certain proportion with the fulfillment of international obligations as much as possible.

As Joseph Nye has noted, "the redefinition of national interests is in fact determined by internationally accepted norms and values." These norms and values constitute and give meaning to international life.

Mercantilism isProtectionismOne is the earliest protectionist view.

Differences: Different from the view held by freedom, protectionism believes that the international is a "zero-sum game, so it does not advocate mutual exchanges", while freedom advocates a "win-win game", believing that the international can make both parties involved in the game profitable, and the typical view is comparative advantage.

Theory.

Interpretation: Mercantilism was the period of preparation for the capitalist mode of production (15th-17th centuries) in Europe in the primitive accumulation of capital.

In the process of implementing a first-class protection policy. The purpose is to accumulate monetary wealth at home through foreign affairs, believing that money is the only measure of wealth, and that in order to make the country rich and strong, exports should be greater than imports, and there should be a surplus.

It will lead to the inflow of ***, so it is strongly advocated for export restrictions on imports.

Because it is impossible for all participating countries to be surpassed, and the total amount of gold and silver at any point in time is always fixed, a country's profit is always based on the loss of other countries, and the international market is a "zero-sum game".

Disadvantages: Mercantilism is wrong in equating money with capital, and the surplus is also wrongly equated with the annual difference between income over consumption, so mercantilism rashly equates high levels of money accumulation and supply with economic prosperity.

The biggest difference between mercantilism and a series of later protectionism is that it is immature, only considering the accumulation of monetary wealth, and blindly pursuing a surplus from this purpose. The later protection theory is all-round and multi-means protection, from the optimal tariff theory to the industry theory, and then to the strategic protection theory of the war and hunger, protectionism pays more and more attention to obtaining "wealth" by protecting the "industry", and it is better to teach people to fish than to teach them to fish.

I mean. <>

Legal Analysis: Freedom refers to the policy of not using Guanchang Chan taxes, quotas or other forms to interfere in the international affairs of the country. Freetrade refers to the policy of the state to cancel the restrictions and obstacles on import and export, cancel all kinds of preferential treatment and privileges for domestic import and export commodities, and do not interfere and restrict import and export commodities, so that commodities can be freely imported and exported and compete freely in the domestic market.

Benefits:1Safeguard large organizations**; 2.

A market economy that supports large organizations. Disadvantage: 1

reducing the competitiveness of small enterprises; 2.leading to a monopoly of the market economy by large organizations; 3.Vicious competition is generated.

Legal basis: According to Article 2 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Import and Export Tariffs, the customs shall levy import and export tariffs on goods and articles permitted to be imported and exported by the People's Republic of China, unless otherwise provided by laws and administrative regulations.

According to Article 4 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Import and Export Tariffs: a Customs Tariff Commission shall be established to be responsible for the adjustment and interpretation of the tariff items, tariff codes and tax rates of the Tariff and the Import Tax Rate Table of Imported Articles, and shall be implemented after approval; Decide on the goods, rates and deadlines for which provisional rates will be imposed; determining TRQ rates; Decide on the imposition of anti-dumping duties, countervailing duties, safeguard duties, retaliatory duties and other tariff measures; Decide on the application of tax rates in exceptional circumstances, as well as perform other duties as specified in ***.

Benefits: Freedom can allow the unrestricted circulation of goods in various countries and regions, so that there are a wide variety of goods available for consumers to choose from on the market, and there is zero tariff under the freedom, which can really be described as good quality and low price, which can make consumers benefit. For example, Hong Kong, China is a free ** port, and this is the reason why it is known as a shopping paradise.

1.Safeguard large organizations**;

2.A market economy that supports large organizations.

Disadvantages: Reducing the competitiveness of small enterprises; leading to a monopoly of the market economy by large organizations; Vicious competition is generated.

1) It is tariff-free for the local people, and the income is reduced. Sue Changcha.

2) For local enterprises, especially the fledgling national enterprises is a disaster, for example, China's automobile industry, if the country liberalizes the import of the automobile industry, the original Germany, Japan, the United States, these traditional advantages of manufacturing cars enter the Chinese market, then China's automobile manufacturers will all go bankrupt, the impact on the national economy is great, so China has maintained the import tariff on imported cars to protect its own automobile industry.

Liberty refers to a policy of not using tariffs, quotas or other forms of international interference. Freedom refers to the policy of the state to cancel the restrictions and obstacles on import and export, cancel all kinds of preferential treatment and privileges for import and export commodities, do not interfere with and restrict import and export commodities, make commodities import and export freely, and freely compete in the domestic market.

Extended Materials. International, also known as the international cooperation, refers to the cross-border cooperation of goods and services, which generally includes imports and exports, so it can also be called import and export. International**also known as the world**.

Import and export can regulate the utilization rate of domestic production factors, improve the relationship between international supply and demand, adjust the economic structure, and increase fiscal revenue. The international major mainly belongs to the field of economics and mainly relies on economic theories, including microeconomics, macroeconomics, etc.

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