What did Zhang Xueliang do after the 918 incident?

Zhang Xueliang ordered the troops of the Northeast Army to exercise restraint, stay in the camp, not allowed to go out, not allowed to provoke, and not to fire the first shot. At the same time, he ordered the troops to retreat from the vicinity of the Kwantung Railway to the vicinity of Shenyang, and transferred the main force to the front line of Beiping, Tianjin, Shanhaiguan, and Jinzhou, ready to enter the customs at any time. After the Japanese attack, the Northeast Army first repelled the Japanese attack, and then immediately moved, declaring no resistance, all the Northeast Army and police forces of about 300,000 people, except for more than 10,000 people who voluntarily stayed, most of the others broke off contact with the Japanese army.

After Chiang Kai-shek issued the order to essentially abandon the Northeast and not clash with the Japanese army, he immediately led the Northeast Army to retreat, leaving the three northeastern provinces and 30 million people in the Northeast to the Japanese.

After 918, Zhang Xueliang still did some things, such as letting the Northeast army outside the pass defend itself, and established a defensive position in Jinzhou to resist.

First of all, Zhang Xueliang ordered the troops to stick to the camp and not be allowed to move around at will, and then ordered the troops to prepare to retreat, basically adopting a policy of non-resistance.

Zhang Xueliang let his subordinates retreat to Guannei, and he was basically responsible for encircling and suppressing the Red Army in the northwest, so it can be said that he didn't do anything big.

He miscalculated the situation at that time, thinking that as long as the situation was not expanded, it could be resolved through negotiations, so he lost the three eastern provinces, and later regretted it, otherwise he would not have launched the Xi'an Incident.

Chiang Kai-shek's order, at that time, the Northeast had changed its flag and obeyed the orders of the people, so it was necessary to obey Chiang Kai-shek's orders. Forced to do it ...

Lao Chiang didn't let him fight, and the main force of the Northeast Army was in Guannai at that time, not in the Northeast.

Those who study history know that the "Xi'an Incident" has had a profound impact on modern Chinese history, and the commander-in-chief of the Northeast Army at that time detained Chiang Kai-shek and forced him to sign the Kuomintang-Communist Joint Anti-Japanese Agreement, which greatly enhanced the enthusiasm of the people of the whole country for the War of Resistance.

However, Zhang Xueliang also adopted a policy of non-resistance when the Japanese iron hooves frantically attacked the northeast, and even surrendered the three eastern provinces to the Japanese without firing a single shot in the end, for which some people considered him a "sinner for the ages". So why did Zhang Xueliang adopt a policy of non-resistance at that time? There are three reasons for this.

One is that Zhang Xueliang obviously underestimated the wolf ambitions of the Japanese at that time, and he thought that the Japanese would be done with a few shots, and would not really annex the entire Northeast, so at the beginning, his subordinates reported that the Japanese began to attack them, so they delayed the fighter plane, and finally had to flee in a hurry.

The second is that he didn't want to fight at all, because he knew very well how big the gap between China and Japan was at that time, because in his early years, he and his father visited Japan's military enterprises, and knew that Japan's military strength at that time far surpassed China's, let alone his own Northeast Army. Third, as he stated in his autobiography, "Chiang Kai-shek ordered him not to resist."

We all know that in the early days of the Anti-Japanese War, Chiang Kai-shek's attitude was also quite unresolute, and he engaged in a set of "outside must first settle inside", so it is possible that Lao Chiang really gave Zhang Xueliang an order not to resist, and Zhang just borrowed the slope to get off the donkey!

Yes, today's China has become stronger, but we must never forget the shame of history, and in this era when we are backward and will be beaten, only unremitting self-improvement is the best choice. The most important thing is that the Chinese people have declared to foreign invaders that they will attack Chinese territory...

Because Zhang Xueliang received an order from the people to demand non-resistance. Before that, Zhang Xueliang had changed his flag and returned to the people, so he had to accept the orders of the people.

Misjudging the situation, Zhang Xueliang thought that Japan would not make much move, so he was afraid that things would make a big fuss, so he was not allowed to resist.

Because this was Chiang Kai-shek's order to Zhang Xueliang not to resist, so as not to find an excuse for Japan to start a war.

During the 918 incident, why did Zhang Xueliang choose not to resist? In an interview in his later years, he explained the reason.

The 918 Incident was ordered by Zhang Xueliang not to resist.

At about 10 o'clock in the evening of September 18, 1931, the Japanese Kwantung Army blew up the Wicker Lake section of the South Manchurian Railway Line, and put three corpses wearing Chinese soldiers' uniforms on the scene, accusing the Northeast Army of doing it, and the "918" incident broke out. Soon, the Kwantung Army launched an attack on the Northeast Army's Beidaying and Shenyang City, and in just 8 hours, Shenyang City fell into the hands of the Japanese army.

After the incident broke out, Zhang Xueliang himself was in Beiping, and at that time in Shenyang was Rong Zhen, chief of staff of the Lieutenant General of the Office of the Commander of the Northeast Frontier Army. Rong Zhen received Zhang Xueliang's order like this, "Don't resist, don't move, put the gun in the warehouse, and die." Everyone became benevolent and sacrificed for the country.

The consequences of the Northeast Army's non-resistance were staggering, and soon the three eastern provinces became colonies, and the great rivers and mountains fell into the hands of the Japanese army.

Zhang Xueliang also described his feelings when he received a telegram from Rong Zhen about the Japanese army's attack on Beidaying, "I instructed our army not to move, and to negotiate with the Japanese advisers Meiwei and Shibayama to stop it, and the negotiators immediately contacted the Japanese Consul General to negotiate ...... with the Japanese Consul General."After dawn, in addition to the report ** for instructions, I sent someone to negotiate with the chargé d'affaires of the Japanese embassy in Beiping, but he replied that he did not know the details. ”

Zhang Xueliang was only ordered to retreat, and it had nothing to do with him, and Mr. Jiang was also because his strength was not enough to resist the Japanese army, so he gave up the three eastern provinces, stretched the front, and broke Japan's plan to destroy China in three months.

It's just for fruit powder.

He believes that although the Japanese have aggressive ambitions, he personally judges that Japan's strength is not so strong, and that with 300,000 soldiers in Northeast China, Japan simply does not have the strength to invade Northeast China.

The Xi'an Incident, in fact, was also Zhang Xueliang for his loss of the Northeast as compensation, at that time, because of his own thoughts, he lost the Northeast without letting go of a shot, and brought back 300,000 Northeast Army, in fact, the Northeast Army is also his burden, since he brought it out, he has the responsibility to bring it back, the Northeast Army is basically a Northeasterner, and they are attached to their hometown, so Zhang Xueliang saw that Chiang Kai-shek did not want to fight Japan, in this way, the recovery of the Northeast became a long process, so he launched the Xi'an Incident to force Chiang Kai-shek to resist Japan, It is hoped that the Northeast will be recovered as soon as possible.

He hopes to regain the Northeast as soon as possible.

He once told his subordinates that you have been by my side for so many years, and everyone's life is precious to me, and I can't abandon everyone's lives just because I am a national hero. In fact, national heroes are all false names, and only a living team is the biggest reliance.

Later, the Xi'an Incident, in fact, Zhang Xueliang compensated for his loss of the Northeast, at that time, because of his own thoughts, he lost the Northeast without letting go of a shot, and brought back 300,000 Northeast Army, in fact, the Northeast Army is also his burden, since he brought it out, he has the responsibility to bring it back, the Northeast Army is basically a Northeasterner, and they are attached to their hometown.

Therefore, Zhang Xueliang saw that Chiang Kai-shek did not want to fight Japan, and in this case, the recovery of the Northeast would become a long process, so he launched the Xi'an Incident to force Chiang Kai-shek to resist Japan, hoping to recover the Northeast as soon as possible.

To clarify this issue, it is necessary to address the question of who gave this order of non-resistance, which has long puzzled Chinese historiography.

In the past, for some reasons, the country was praising Zhang Xueliang and belittling Chiang Kai-shek, and it was always said that Chiang Kai-shek ordered Zhang Xueliang not to resist.

Chiang Kai-shek stills.

However, the day will come when it will come to light. In the dialogue between the historian Mr. Tang Degang and Zhang Xueliang, Zhang Xueliang in his later years clearly admitted that this matter had nothing to do with Chiang Kai-shek, and that it was indeed his own order not to resist.

After clarifying the question of who ordered non-resistance, let's talk about why Zhang Xueliang chose not to resist.

In fact, the reason for this, Zhang Xueliang also said in his later years, according to him, that he misjudged the form. He thought that little Japan was the same as before, just trying to provoke for no reason and take the opportunity to cause trouble, so that the Chinese side could take action first and escalate the incident. And China's overall national strength was indeed inferior to that of small Japan at that time, so in order to calm things down, he asked his troops to tolerate as much as possible and not give little Japan an excuse to escalate the incident.

It's just that he didn't expect that little Japan was tearing its face this time and ignoring international rules, and they were ready to make a big move from the beginning, not a small friction as he thought. In his later years, Zhang Xueliang was extremely distressed by his order not to resist that year, and he believed that it was his misjudgment that plunged the people of Northeast China into dire straits. It was because of this incident that Zhang Xueliang was poked in the backbone everywhere, and Zhang Xueliang, who had been depressed for a long time, hated Little Japan so much that he would brazenly launch the Xi'an Incident in 36 years to force Chiang Kai-shek to resist Japan, regardless of his personal safety.

Seeing that many respondents said that Zhang Xueliang was weak and cowardly, I think it was a bit blackened Zhang Xueliang, he was really such a soft bone, he would not have released Chiang Kai-shek after the Xi'an Incident, resulting in half of his century-long life spent under house arrest. Personally, I think Zhang Xueliang's own statement is still more credible, he can't make excuses for himself in his old age, otherwise he wouldn't have frankly admitted that the order not to resist was indeed from him.

Therefore, the answer to this question is that Zhang Xueliang misjudged the situation, misjudged the long-planned big move of Little Japan as a small friction, and ordered not to resist for the time being in order to calm things down and not give Little Japan an excuse to escalate the scale of the incident.

The Kuomintang did not have a good thing, it was just that it was timid and afraid of death and did not resist. I know how to fight a civil war and fight with the Communist Party. It's really a righteous indignation at the mention of it