Causes of nephritis, how nephritis is caused

There are many types of nephritis, most of the glomerular diseases seen in clinical practice are primary, and a small part are secondary, such as kidney damage caused by diabetes, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc. What we often call nephritis is primary and has not yet been fully elucidated. It is generally believed that it is caused by the body's immune response to certain phenogens, and the thesis is not caused by the direct infection or destruction of the kidneys by these amino gens.

Most commonly found in B hemolytic streptococcus"Nephritis-causing strains"After infection, such as scarlet fever, upper respiratory tract infection, ** infection, other bacteria, protozoa, viruses, especially nephritis after hepatitis B virus infection have attracted more attention. Regarding the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis, it is currently believed that the initial cause of glomerulonephritis is intraglomerular immune deposits produced by an immune response: in situ immune deposits caused by glomerular antigens, which are either glomerular basement membrane (GBM) (anti-GBM nephritis) or a component of the brush border antigen of tubular epithelial cells in the glomerulus (Heymann nephritis); by"Planting"Exotic on the glomeruli"Implantable"Immune deposits formed by antigens in situ and antibodies in the glomeruli; Circulating immune complexes are retained in the glomeruli.

There are many causes of nephritis. For example, if hypertensive patients do not control their blood pressure in their daily life, there is a high possibility that the condition will be aggravated, which will affect the normal kidney function of the patient, and finally the problem of nephritis. Bacterial infections can also cause nephritis.

Viruses and parasites are one of the causes of nephritis. In addition, among all the factors that induce nephritis, upper respiratory tract infection is also one of the more common. In addition, if the patient is overtired, infected with viruses, improperly administered drugs, or staying up late for a long time, etc., the patient's resistance will be reduced, and the burden on the kidneys will be increased, which may also cause nephritis.

There are many reasons for nephritis, including the following: 1. Pathogens, common bacteria, viruses, parasites, protozoa, etc., can cause acute infection of the kidney, and inflammation occurs, so that the kidney function declines sharply and manifests as nephritis; 2. Patients take some drugs orally, heavy metals, etc., which will reduce kidney function and cause damage to the kidneys, which is drug-induced damage; 3. Some tumors, common benign and malignant tumors can cause kidney involvement and nephritis; 4. Caused by other diseases, such as allergenic purpura, hepatitis, diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.; 5. The patient's own immune dysfunction; 6. Genetic factors.

Viral infections, including measles, chickenpox, hepatitis B virus, K-B virus, mumps, zoster, and certain neoplastic viruses;

What causes nephritis? Bacterial infections, mainly streptococcus, but also staphylococcus, pneumococcus, typhoid bacillus, diphtheria bacillus, leprosy bacilli, Treponema pallidum and infections from rickettsia;

Mold infections, such as Candida albicans, etc.;

Parasitic infections, such as Plasmodium, Schistosoma montoni, Loa loa, Trypanosome, etc., are also one of the factors in how nephritis is caused.

heavy metals, such as gold, mercury, lead, etc.;

Biotoxins invade the body, such as pollen, bee venom, snake venom, etc.;

There are also medications such as penicillamine that cause nephritis.

Refer to the Nephrology Research and Treatment Center of Guangdong Institute of Materia Medica.

Nephritis is now a relatively common disease, generally speaking, the most common people are the elderly, patients with renal impairment, hypertension, etc., the specific causes of nephritis are also very complex and diverse, the specific pathogenesis is not clear, but it may cause a series of complications, so we must pay attention to it and be timely.

There are many reasons for nephritis, including the following: 1. Pathogens, common bacteria, viruses, parasites, protozoa, etc., can cause acute infection of the kidney, and inflammation occurs, so that the kidney function declines sharply and manifests as nephritis; 2. Patients take some drugs orally, heavy metals, etc., which will reduce kidney function and cause damage to the kidneys, which is drug-induced damage; 3. Some tumors, common benign and malignant tumors can cause kidney involvement and nephritis; 4. Caused by other diseases, such as allergenic purpura, hepatitis, diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.; 5. The patient's own immune dysfunction; 6. Genetic factors.

Acute nephritis has a variety of symptoms**, with post-streptococcal infection being the most common. Acute nephritis after streptococcal infection is mostly associated with -hemolytic streptococcal group A infection. According to the immune properties of the M protein of the cell wall of Streptococcus haemolyticus, it can be divided into several types, of which type 12 is the ** of most nephritis.

In addition, type 1 is associated with acute nephritis after respiratory tract infection; Type 1 is closely related to acute nephritis after purulent disease. In addition, acute nephritis occasionally occurs after group C and G infection of -hemolytic streptococcus.

Chronic glomerulonephritis, referred to as chronic nephritis, refers to proteinuria, hematuria, hypertension, and edema as the basic clinical manifestations, with different modes of onset, prolonged disease, slow progression of lesions, and different degrees of renal function decline, with a tendency to worsen renal function and eventually develop into a group of glomerular diseases that will develop into chronic renal failure.

The onset of chronic nephritis can be summarized into the following five ways:

1. No history of nephritis in the past, due to upper respiratory tract or other infections, there are significant edema and massive proteinuria and other nephrotic syndrome symptoms.

2. No history of nephritis in the past, proteinuria, progressive hypertension and/or renal insufficiency in the short term.

3. No history of nephritis in the past, often due to infection or exertion of hematuria and/or proteinuria, which is quickly reduced or disappeared after a short period of rest. Such a reversal without obvious clinical symptoms.

4. Acute glomerulonephritis has the onset and cannot be completely controlled, and the clinical symptoms and urine protein persist for more than 1 year, and evolve into chronic nephritis.

5. There was a history of acute nephritis syndrome in the past, and after several weeks or months of recuperation, the clinical symptoms and urine abnormalities disappeared, and the renal function was normal. After a long interval (up to many years in the elderly), symptoms of nephritis such as proteinuria, edema and/or hypertension suddenly develop due to upper respiratory tract or other infections or overwork.

There are many reasons for nephritis, including the following: 1. Pathogens, common bacteria, viruses, parasites, protozoa, etc., can cause acute infection of the kidney, and inflammation occurs, so that the kidney function declines sharply and manifests as nephritis; 2. Patients take some drugs orally, heavy metals, etc., which will reduce kidney function and cause damage to the kidneys, which is drug-induced damage; 3. Some tumors, common benign and malignant tumors can cause kidney involvement and nephritis; 4. Caused by other diseases, such as allergenic purpura, hepatitis, diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.; 5. The patient's own immune dysfunction; 6. Genetic factors.

Chronic glomerulonephritis, referred to as chronic nephritis, refers to proteinuria, hematuria, hypertension, and edema as the basic clinical manifestations, with different modes of onset, prolonged disease, slow progression of lesions, and different degrees of renal function decline, with a tendency to worsen renal function and eventually develop into a group of glomerular diseases that will develop into chronic renal failure.