Who is the author of Science and Hypothesis

Science and Hypothesis

This book is one of the four classics of philosophy of science by the great French mathematician, mathematical physicist, theoretical astronomer, and philosopher of science, Poincaré. In this book, the author extensively and deeply examines the theoretical frontiers of science and philosophy, and puts forward a series of incisive and enlightening views, and his original convention theory is reflected in the book.

According to Poincaré, a scientific theory is not a reflection of reality, but a hypothesis. The same set of phenomena can be explained equally effectively with different theories. The choice of this theory over another is entirely an agreement or agreement, not a consideration of whether it is true or not.

The choice is based on whether it is convenient and simple and straightforward. This view of his is also called conventionalism.

This book is one of the four classics of philosophy of science by the great French mathematician, mathematical physicist, theoretical astronomer, and philosopher of science, Poincaré. In this book, the author extensively and deeply examines the theoretical frontiers of science and philosophy, puts forward a series of incisive and enlightening views, and his original convention theory ideas are concentrated in the book, Introduction.

Part 1 Numbers and Quantities.

Chapter 1: The Nature of Mathematical Reasoning.

Chapter 2 Mathematical Quantities and Experience.

Part II space.

Chapter 3 Non-Euclidean Geometry.

Chapter 4: Space and Geometry.

Chapter 5 Experience and Geometry.

The third compilation force. Chapter 6 Classical Mechanics.

Chapter 7 Relative and Absolute Motion.

Chapter 8 Energy and Thermodynamics.

Part IV: The Natural World.

Chapter 9 Assumptions in Physics.

Chapter 10 Theories of Modern Physics.

Chapter 11 Probability Calculus.

Chapter 12 Optics and Electricity.

Chapter 13 Electrodynamics.

Chapter 14: The Ultimate of Matter.

Assumptions are generally expressed in terms of "if"; Science is generally expressed in terms of "logic".

It is valued by international peers and has a high academic level. Since the ** included in SCI is mainly in the field of basic research of natural sciences, the SCI index is mainly suitable for evaluating the results of basic research, and the main results of basic research are expressed in the form of academic **. Therefore, how to evaluate the results of basic research is often simplified to how to evaluate the impact of the content carried by ** on the progress of scientific knowledge.

Impact: Science Citation Index is named after Bradford (S. Brown). c.Bradford) literature on discrete law theory, with Garfield (Egarfield) citation analysis theory as the main basis, through the statistics of the frequency of citations.

Conduct multi-faceted evaluation and research on academic journals and scientific research results, so as to judge the performance of scientific research output of a country or region, scientific research unit and individual, and reflect its international academic level. Therefore, SCI is an internationally recognized scientific and technological literature retrieval tool worthy of reference.

With its unique citation approach and comprehensive scientific data, the Science Citation Index ranks journals and ** by counting a large number of citations, and then deriving quantitative indicators such as the impact factor, citation frequency, and real-time index of a journal in a certain discipline. The high frequency of citations indicates that the ** has had a huge impact in the field it is studying.

It is written as follows: The first choice of the problem, that is, the selection of the specific problem for the study, is the first and important step in the scientific research of education. Because the choice of questions not only stipulates the direction and content of the research, but also determines the methods and approaches that should be adopted for the research work.

Therefore, it must be approached with caution. Second, to form a hypothesis, that is, to imagine the cause and effect or conclusion of a problem with research value based on existing facts and information. The function of a hypothesis is that it is not only a directional imagination to be verified, but also influences the process organization of research activities, the logic of research and the selection of research pathways.

Therefore, once a hypothesis is formed, researchers can design and carry out a series of research activities in a planned manner within a limited range according to the determined goals. Therefore, hypothesis is a necessary stage of educational scientific research and exploration, and it is the correct way and effective means to accurately grasp the laws of education.

Introduction: A research hypothesis is a speculative assertion and hypothetical explanation of the law or cause of the problem under study made by the researcher based on empirical facts and scientific theories, and is a pre-conceived and tentative theory before conducting research. Simply put, i.e. a temporary answer to a research question.

It is mainly divided into: descriptive hypothesis, explanatory hypothesis, ** hypothesis, and content hypothesis. A research hypothesis is a statement that can verify the truth or falsehood, and is generally used in more standardized and confirmatory quantitative research.

Questions. The order in which the research is studied: whether the purpose of the study should come first or whether the questions should be asked first.

Ask a question and write first. My dear.

1. The elder brother is the biggest, and the younger brother is younger than the elder brother, so the elder brother should be let go.

2. The younger brother is small, and the elder brother should take care of the younger one.

3. I think it's fair!

I think the lollipop should be eaten by the babysitter.

The lollipop is hidden in a banana by the nanny who draws it to whom.

Chinese scientists have put forward a hypothesis that the El Niño phenomenon may be related to changes in the Earth's rotation speed. They compared the data on the change of the Earth's rotation speed after the 50s of the 20th century and found that as long as the annual variable of the Earth's rotation slows down rapidly for two years, and the value is large, El Niño will occur.

Due to the slowing down of the Earth's rotation, the seawater and atmosphere that follow the Earth will have a relative eastward velocity under the action of inertial forces, which is maximum near the equator. It has been calculated that the relative velocity of the sea and the atmosphere near the equator can be obtained at meters per second, weakening the equatorial currents and trade winds that originally came from west to east, resulting in changes in water temperature on the east and west coasts of the Pacific Ocean.

At present, the study of the El Niño phenomenon has used advanced scientific methods such as meteorological satellites, oceanographic survey vessels, and buoy robots. Other scientists have turned to geological studies, i.e., to analyze the remnants of El Niño events that occurred in the distant past from the silt accumulation of some coastal estuaruaries.

The Chinese translator prefaced.

Introduction. Part 1 Numbers and Quantities.

Chapter 1: The Nature of Mathematical Reasoning.

Chapter 2 Mathematical Quantities and Experience.

Part II space.

Chapter 3 Non-Euclidean Geometry.

Chapter 4: Space and Geometry.

Chapter 5 Experience and Geometry.

The third compilation force.

Chapter 6 Classical Mechanics.

The Seventh Positive and Chapter Subalism Wax Staring Movement and Absolute Movement.

Chapter 8 Energy and Thermodynamics.

Part IV: The Natural World.

Chapter 9 Assumptions in Physics.

Chapter 10 Theories of Modern Physics.

Chapter 11 Probability Calculus.

Chapter 12 Optics and Electricity.

Chapter 13 Electrodynamics.

Chapter 14: The Ultimate of Matter.

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