When did literature begin to advocate rationality, is it realist literature or modern literature?

The literature advocating rationality was most obvious in the pre-Qin and Song dynasties, especially in the Song Dynasty, where reason and law were respected. If you talk about this realist literature, it can be said that the beginning of Chinese literature is realism, romanticism is only gradually derived later, most of the time Chinese literature does not emphasize rationality, the reason why the pre-Qin period is important is that the princes of a hundred schools of thought contended, especially pay attention to strategy, literature has both the majestic beauty of the majesty, and the beauty of reason that is good at speculation. The Song Dynasty carried out a special "reason", not only in thought, daily morality, but also in literature, so most of the poetry of the Song Dynasty was heavy on "reason".

So it should be inappropriate to use the term realism. If you use modern literature, I think it's still not very good, although modern literature is vernacular, but the inherited ideas will always be the mainstream of Chinese literature, realism. From the very beginning, modern literature has been waving the flag and shouting with a revolutionary attitude, and it has become a part of social change.

Coupled with the wars of the next two or three decades, the characteristics of modern literature are all related to salvation and peace, and have little to do with rationality. Including the development of contemporary literature, it is not very important, maybe China is like this, and the thinking and habits of the West are very different, so it is also manifested in literature.

Classical literature in the 17th century was centered on "reason". In the later period of the Renaissance, the excessive emphasis on human desires and one-sided pursuit caused the evil of moral atmosphere and social chaos, and the classicism that emphasized the rational order was the counterpoint to the extreme emphasis on freedom in the late Renaissance.

Generally speaking, anything that can most fully express the typical characteristics of real life in the image is called a realist work. Generally speaking, realist works have three characteristics: First, the authenticity of details.

It is necessary to have a realistic description of details, and use historical and concrete pictures of life to reflect social life. Realist works infect people with the reality and concreteness of images, so they can make readers feel like they are in the situation and see them. The second is the typicality of the image.

Through Wang Jing's typical method, the materials of real life are selected, refined and summarized, so as to profoundly reveal some essential characteristics of life. It can be said that typification is the core of realism and the mark that distinguishes it from naturalism. The phenomena of life are complex and complex, and the truthful recording of life is nothing but the craft of a photographer; Realism requires the author to select meaningful characters and events from the rich and colorful real life, and create typical characters and typical environments through personalized and generalized artistic processing.

As Engels said, it is necessary to "realistically reproduce typical people in typical environments". The third is the objectivity of the specific description. Through an objective and specific description of real life, the author should naturally reflect the author's ideological tendencies and love-hate feelings from the scenes and plots of the work, rather than the author himself or the characters.

French literary historian Emile Faguet explains:"Realism is an artistic proposition that clearly and calmly observes human events and then depicts them clearly and calmly. ......It is necessary to select the most meaningful events from tens of thousands of real events, and then sort out these events to make them have a strong impression"This is the same as what Engels said"In addition to being true in detail, realism requires an honest representation of a typical person in a typical setting"The definition is basically the same.

If I do not understand realism simply as the reality inherent in the various truly corrupt arts, but as a separate set of principles and artistic methods for the description of character, then in Western Europe realism is generally considered to have been formed in the Renaissance. From the realism of the Renaissance to the critical realism of the twenties of the nineteenth century, among which there is the realism of the Age of Enlightenment in the eighteenth century. Renaissance realism is known for its vivid depiction of the vivid richness of feelings, desires and feelings of the characters, which shows the sublime of the human being, the completeness, purity and poetry of the characters' personalities.

Realism focuses on faithfully reflecting real life and has a strong sense of objectivity. It advocates an objective and sober observation of real life, accurately and delicately describes it according to the original style of life, and strives to realistically reproduce typical people in typical environments. Since the beginning, the literature and art of various countries in the world have had the elements and characteristics of realism to varying degrees, and have developed and changed with the social and historical conditions.

In the field of literature and art, the two main tendencies of realism and romanticism have a long history. However, as a more self-conscious literary and artistic genre, realism usually refers to the dominance of romanticism in European literature and art after the 30s of the 19th century'A major literary and artistic trend and movement. Realism belongs to a writing technique of pure literature, which conforms to the characteristics of pure literature.

What is pure literature? It is the basic feature of pure literature to clean up the lies in the works such as the former chain political lies, the lies of Daohui and Qiaode, the lies of commercial lies, the lies of maintaining the class elites, and the lies of foolish people, so the most basic thing about realism is to exhaust the lies and objectively present real life and human characteristics, of course, this does not mean that realism cannot be fictional, on the contrary, to clean up the lies and express them objectively, we must borrow fiction and other artistic techniques, and fiction does not damage realism.

Realist literature is a literary genre that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which takes real social life as the theme and shows the real situation and social problems of human beings through objective description and critical observation. Here are a few of the main features of realist literature:

1. Authenticity and objectivity: Realist literature emphasizes the true and objective description of social life, and strives to reflect real social phenomena and characters. The plot, characters, and environments in the work all need to be based on real observations and research in order to present an accurate picture of society.

2. Social criticism: Realist literature conveys a concept that reflects reality to readers through the revelation and criticism of social issues. His works usually focus on social phenomena such as social inequality, class conflicts, and human rights issues, and try to arouse the reader's thinking and attention to these issues.

3. Attention to detail and realism: Realist literature pays attention to the details of description, and enhances the realism of the work through rich detailed descriptions. Through accurate detailed expression, the author allows readers to feel the inner world of the characters, the atmosphere of the environment and the current situation of society.

4. Diverse characters: The characters in realist literature are usually ordinary people, and they are authentic and representative. These characters often have their own strengths and weaknesses, and make corresponding behavioral choices under specific environmental and social pressures.

5. Calm and objective narrative style: Realist literature emphasizes a calm and objective narrative style, abandoning the elements of exaggeration and romanticism. The works usually use plain and objective language and narration, and strive to show social reality with a realistic attitude.

6. Focus on the details of life: Realist literature focuses on the details of daily life, and reflects all aspects of social life through the observation and portrayal of subtleties. This attention to detail makes the work more authentic and vivid.