When did Mandarin start?

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China....

1935 year. Putonghua began to be popularized in 1935, and in 1935, the Preparatory Committee for the Unification of the Chinese Language was reorganized into the Committee for the Promotion of the Chinese Language, and began to carry out the comprehensive popularization and popularization of the Chinese language. After 1932, Chinese broadcasts took the form of "Guoyin Common Vocabulary" as the standard.

In 1937, China's first modern Chinese dictionary, the Chinese Dictionary

by Li Jinxi and Qian Xuantong.

Editor-in-chief, published by the Dictionary of China Compilation Office.

Mandarin is another name for modern Standard Chinese, and each country has its own lingua franca (official language, capital official dialect).

Whether it is the United States, Russia, India and other countries, there are many language dialects, and the standard language of each country is implemented to facilitate people's extensive transportation.

The national lingua franca of China is Mandarin, or Mandarin Chinese.

It is a corrected capital yayin (different from the capital hutong sound) that was officially implemented by the Chinese dynasties. There are three concepts to distinguish: the capital yayin, that is, the capital official dialect, the capital hutong sound, and the modified capital yayin.

Putonghua began to be popularized in 1935, and in 1935, the Preparatory Committee for the Unification of the Chinese Language was reorganized into the Committee for the Promotion of the Chinese Language, and began to carry out the comprehensive popularization and popularization of the Chinese language.

After 1932, Chinese broadcasts adopted the form of "Common Words of Guoyin" as the standard. In 1937, China's first modern Chinese dictionary, the Chinese Dictionary, was edited by Li Jinxi and Qian Xuantong and published by the Dictionary Compilation Office of China.

The term "Mandarin" was first coined in the late Qing Dynasty. In 1906, Zhu Wenxiong, a scholar who studied the phonetic characters, divided the Chinese language into "Guowen" (Wenyanwen), "Mandarin" and "Vulgar Language" (dialect) in his book "Jiangsu New Alphabet".

However, the implementation effect at that time was not satisfactory, so that there was a farce of teachers speaking Mandarin in class and being driven away.

Determination of the new Chinese MandarinAt the "National Conference on Character Reform" held in Beijing from October 15 to 23, 1955, after careful study, it was unanimously decided to refer to modern standard Chinese as Mandarin, taking its universal meaning.

At this meeting, there was a heated debate among the participants about the dialectal basis of Mandarin. In the end, the conference decided to use a voting method to select one of the 15 major dialects covering the Chinese-speaking area as the basic dialect of Putonghua. The result of the vote at that time was:

Beijing Mandarin (based on Beijing Mandarin dialect and standard with Beijing pronunciation) topped the list with 52 votes.

The above content refers to People's Daily Online - You can speak "Mandarin", but you may not know these stories.

In October 1955, during the "National Conference on Character Reform" and the "Academic Conference on the Standardization of Modern Chinese", the official name of the common language of the Han nationality was officially set as "Putonghua", and at the same time its definition was determined, that is, "Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation and northern dialect as the basic dialect". On October 26, 1955, "People**" published an editorial entitled "Efforts to Promote the Reform of Chinese Characters, Promote Putonghua, and Realize the Standardization of the Chinese Language", which mentioned: "The common language of New China is Putonghua with northern dialect as the basic dialect and Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation."

Mandarin, i.e. Standard Chinese. Putonghua is the lingua franca of communication between different ethnic groups in China, with Beijing pronunciation as the basic sound, northern dialects as the basic dialect, and exemplary modern vernacular writings as the grammatical norms. "It is mainly spoken in the areas north of the Yangtze River in Chinese mainland, and Mandarin is generally not spoken in the south of the Yangtze River, because there are Chinese dialects everywhere and do not rely on Mandarin."

Among them, Cantonese is spoken in Hong Kong and Macao, China, and Mandarin is also spoken in official occasions in Taiwan, China, but the accent is slightly different from that of Mandarin in the mainland.

Mandarin English "mandarin" comes from Portuguese. Today, Mandarin is the official language of China after the founding of the People's Republic of China and one of the six official working languages of the United Nations. Article 19 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China stipulates that:

The state promotes the use of Mandarin". The Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Language of the People's Republic of China establishes the legal status of Putonghua as the "common language of the State".

Mandarin has different names in different parts of China: mainland officials (including Hong Kong and Macau): Mandarin; Taiwan official: Chinese; Singapore: Mandarin; Academics: Modern General Chinese.

Beginning in the autumn of 1956, Putonghua was taught in all primary and secondary schools throughout the country, except in minority areas.

China has a vast territory and many dialects. Because there are certain barriers in communication between different dialects, which is not conducive to the communication of economic and cultural exchanges in various places, it exists"Regional Culture Island"phenomenon, these"Regional Culture Island"It retains the essence of the advanced culture and folk wisdom of different regions, but because the language barrier cannot communicate well and complement each other, it is necessary to have a common language to eliminate it"Regional Culture Island"to glue together all the wisdom of China's vast land. However, the promotion of a language is a long process, and it is not advisable to rush it, and it is necessary to properly handle the coordination between the development of local languages and the promotion of Putonghua.

The goal of promoting Putonghua is not to eliminate local languages, but to eliminate communication barriers, but it is true that dialects have been eliminated in the promotion (e.g., Pinghua and Vernacular in Nanning)[11] , so it is necessary to grasp the intensity and understand the truth of overdoing too much. Because linguistic diversity has always been one of the precious cultural accumulations of Chinese civilization, just like the biodiversity in the biosphere, because of diversity, the world can be colorful, and because of diversity, the biosphere can maintain balance and ensure the normal progress of material flow and energy transfer. The same is true of language, because of linguistic diversity, it shows the inclusiveness and long-standing historical accumulation of Chinese culture, because of diversity, not all people use the same thinking to look at problems and think about problems.

There are slight differences in pronunciation and vocabulary between Beijing dialect, mainland Mandarin, Taiwanese Chinese, Singaporean Chinese, Malaysian Chinese, etc. It should be noted that Beijing dialect is not a standard language, as it is an unorganized and standardized dialect of Beijing's urban area. The above standard languages are all standardized based on the dialect of Beijing dialect.

The term "Putonghua" was first proposed by Zhu Wenxiong in 1906, and later Qu Qiubai and others also put forward the term "Putonghua" and argued with Mao Dun about the actual meaning of Putonghua. Through the vernacular movement, the popular language movement, and the Chinese language movement since May Fourth, the status of Beijing's voice has been established and consolidated.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, at the "National Conference on Character Reform" held in 1955, Zhang Xiruo explained in the theme report of the conference: The common language of the Han nationality has long existed, and it is now named Mandarin, which needs to be further standardized and standardized. What is this common language of the Han people, which has in fact gradually formed?

This is Mandarin with the northern dialect as the base dialect and the Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation. "For the sake of simplicity, this common language of the people can also be called Mandarin. ”

On February 6, 1956, the "Instructions on the Promotion of Putonghua" issued by *** supplemented and improved the meaning of Putonghua, and officially determined that Putonghua "takes Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation, northern dialect as the basic dialect, and exemplary modern vernacular works as the grammatical norms". The term "Mandarin" began to be widely used with a clear connotation.

I have to admit that more and more people are speaking Mandarin, especially for babies now, many parents are instilling Mandarin when they are learning to speak, that is, in order to more easily accept the information of future teachers. It's good to speak Mandarin, but a lot of kids don't speak the local dialect.

In the past, it was simple to promote, but now it is difficult to promote, some time ago I was looking for my own promotion or looking for Jin Suitui to do, I can't do it myself, I don't want to do it, or I don't want to find someone else's, now the promotion rules have become too strict.

In 1956, the "Instructions on the Promotion of Putonghua" was promulgated, and in 1982, the "Constitution of the People's Republic of China" stipulated that "the state shall promote Putonghua for the whole country", and the promotion of Putonghua was officially incorporated into the legal position. Prior to this, the common language in history was called Yayan, Tongyu, Guanhua, Chinese, and so on.