The whole process of breathing exercises? How does breathing exercise work?

A complete process of "breathing energy" should be divided into three interrelated phases:

1) The respiratory motor phase (also called external breathing, including lung ventilation and pulmonary ventilation).

Activity of the respiratory system, inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide. During this phase, the concentration of oxygen in the respiratory tract, including the alveoli, is the highest, and the concentration of carbon dioxide is the lowest.

2) Transportation stage.

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported through the blood circulation to the capillaries next to the interstitial fluid.

3) Respiration phase.

Organic matter is oxidized and decomposed within the cell, releasing energy. During this phase, the concentration of gaseous oxygen in the cell is the lowest, and the concentration of carbon dioxide is the highest.

The connection between the first and second stages is the exchange of gases across the alveolar and capillary walls. In physics, there is an important principle that a substance diffuses from a place with a high concentration to a direction with a low concentration, and the difference in concentration is the driving force of diffusion. The concentration of oxygen in the alveoli is the highest, so, it diffuses to the blood, and the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood is higher than the alveoli, so it diffuses to the alveoli, and the two gases diffuse in two different directions, forming a gas exchange.

This process is also called lung ventilation.

The connection between the second and third stages is the exchange of gases across the cell membrane. Since the oxygen in the cell is consumed, it has the lowest concentration, and the oxygen in the tissue fluid diffuses into the cell; Similarly, as a result of respiration, the highest concentration of carbon dioxide in the cells diffuses to the interstitial fluid. This process is also called tissue ventilation.

Principle process of breathing movement:

Due to the relaxation of the respiratory muscles, the chest cavity is regularly expanded and contracted, alternating movements. It consists of two processes: inhalation and exhalation. The basic meaning of breathing exercise is to make the gas in the lungs communicate with the external gas, effectively provide the oxygen required for the body's metabolism, and expel the carbon dioxide produced in the body.

The main respiratory muscles involved in respiration are the diaphragm, external intercostal muscles, internal intercostal muscles and abdominal wall muscles. During peaceful inhalation, the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract, causing the anterior, left, right, and upper and lower diameters of the chest cavity to increase, and the lungs to expand accordingly, forming an active inhalatory movement. When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax, the ribs and sternum return to their own gravity and elasticity, resulting in a shrinkage of the thoracic cage and a retraction of the lungs, resulting in a passive expiratory movement.

There are two types of breathing exercises: chest breathing and abdominal breathing, the former is dominated by intercostal muscle activity, which is manifested by the undulation of the chest wall; The latter is dominated by diaphragmatic activity, which is characterized by the undulation of the abdominal wall. In general, adult women mainly breathe in the chest breathing, while babies and men tend to breathe in the abdomen.

Respiratory movements are influenced by the surface of the breathing:

1. Thin surface: convenient for gas diffusion.

2. Damp surface: oxygen must be dissolved in water before it can be absorbed into the blood in the body. The same carbon dioxide must be dissolved in water in order to diffuse out of the body.

3. Large surface area: to accelerate the exchange rate of gas.

4. Dense microvascular network: convenient for the transportation of gas after exchange.

Gas Exchange Principle:

The process by which organisms inhale oxygen from the environment into the body and at the same time excrete carbon dioxide from the body into the environment is called gas exchange Single-celled protozoa exchange gas between the body surface and water by inhaling the dissolved oxygen in the water into the body and excreting the carbon dioxide from the body into the water at the same time The higher multicellular animals, including humans, constantly exchange gas between the air in the alveoli and the venous blood in the capillaries of the lungs through respiratory movements and blood circulation The whole process can be divided into two aspects: internal breathing and external breathing.

Gas exchange is affected by the breathing surface:

Thin surface: facilitates the diffusion of gases.

Damp surface: Oxygen must be dissolved in water before it can enter the bloodstream in the body. The same carbon dioxide must be dissolved in water in order to diffuse out of the body.

Large surface area: to accelerate the exchange rate of gases.

Dense capillary network: facilitates the transport of gas after exchange.