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The generation process and classification of thunder Thunder can be divided into two types. One is the crisp and loud, like the sound of thunder, which is generally called "explosive thunder"; The other is a dull rumble, which some people call "muffled thunder".There was also a low, long-lasting rumble, somewhat like the sound of grinding.
People often call it "grinding thunder", which is actually a form of stuffy thunder.
The air in the lightning path suddenly and violently heats up, making its temperature as high as 15,000-20,000, thus causing the air to expand dramatically, and the air pressure near the channel can increase to more than 100 atmospheres. This is followed by rapid cooling, the air shrinks rapidly, and the pressure decreases. This sudden expansion and contraction occurs in a short period of a few thousandths of a second, so in the moment of the lightning explosion, a shock wave is generated.
The shock wave travels in all directions at a speed of 5000 meters per second, and in the process of propagation, its energy quickly decays, while the wavelength gradually increases.
Seconds after the lightning strikes, the shock wave evolves into a sound wave, which is what we hear as thunder. There is also a theory that thunder is the sound produced when **gas occurs**, which is formed due to the decomposition of air and water vapor molecules under the action of high-voltage electric sparks. People often refer to the explosion of mines, which are generally very close to the observer.
Because the lightning is near the observer, the ** wave it produces has not had time to evolve into ordinary sound waves, so it sounds like ** sound.
The thunder is reflected many times in the cloud, and when the ** wave is decomposed, many sound waves of different frequencies are generated, which interfere with each other and make people sound dull, which is the muffled thunder we hear. The reason for the prolongation of the thunder is mainly due to the multiple reflections of sound waves in the clouds and the effect of multiple lightning bolts with different heights and distances. In addition, sound waves are reflected when they encounter mountain peaks, buildings, or ground.
Some sound waves are reflected multiple times. It is possible for these multiple reflexes to reach our ears one after the other in a very short interval. At this time, we sounded like the thunder was dull and long.
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One is without lightning, the other is the one with lightning that appears with lightning, and the other does not.
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Thunder can be divided into two types. One is the crisp and loud, like the sound of thunder, which is generally called "explosive thunder";
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One is the muffled thunder of lightning, and the other is the thunder of no lightning.
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The clattering thunder must have been accompanied by lightning.
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Probably one is thunder and the other is the sound of lightning.
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The clicking sound came out along with the lightning.
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One appears with lightning, while the other does not.
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One is a crisp and loud, thunderous sound like **.
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One is without lightning and the other is lightning.
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One is one with lightning and the other appears with lightning.
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The rolling thunder in the text "Watching the Tide" describes the tide as like a thunderstorm in the sky, low and powerful.
The original passage of "Rolling Thunder" in "Watching the Tide" is: At about one o'clock in the afternoon, there was a rumbling sound from a distance, as if the thunder was rolling. Suddenly there was a lot of noise, and someone told us that the tide is coming!
We tiptoed to the east, but the river was still calm, and we couldn't see any changes. After a while, the sound became louder and louder, and I saw a white line appear where the water and sky met in the east, and the crowd boiled again.
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Although thunder is common, there are not many people who really study it seriously, and there are very few who study it deeply. I've researched this, so I'll go into a bit of a ramble here. The formation of thunder is actually very complicated, I have specifically captured the sound waves of thunder, and through the waveform analysis of sound waves, I found that many of the continuous roars are echoes from the mountains.
In fact, on the thunder cloud, the thunder and lightning are not a point to collide, but the entire surface of the collision, because all the charged particles are rushing to the other charged cloud, the surface of the cloud has a very high charge accumulation, the collision of the charge can produce sound, and the charged cloud can also squeeze the air and make sound in motion. As a result, thunder tends to be loud. The sound waveform is also complex.
Continuous lightning is based on the fact that some clouds collide first, and the rest of the cloud collides with each other, so that continuous lightning is formed. After the lightning cloud collides, the air under pressure rebounds, and so on and so forth, until the air balances after multiple rebounds, and the sound stops. Charged clouds have extremely high potential, sometimes because the charged cloud is relatively close to the ground, so that the ground object is acted on by the high potential of the cloud, and then produce the corresponding induced electric layer, when this cloud and the ground contact, it will also form thunder, this kind of thunder is called landing thunder.
Landing lightning is the most destructive lightning for human beings, and our industrial lightning rods are made to reduce the impact of landing mines on electrical equipment, which can play a role in preventing lightning strikes to a certain extent. The thunder of the landing mine is louder, after all, it is closer to us listeners. So we hear less of the echo of thunder, and if you think about it, if a child puts a firecracker in your ear and whispers to you, can you hear it?
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c, 10, thunderstorm, after a lightning, but the thunder rumbles and rumbles, and the rock collapse is because: the bureau sells jujube [ aThe thunder produced was one after the other.
b.The lightning bolts produced one after the other.
c.The propagation of thunder is hindered by clouds, mountains, and the earthIn the process of propagation, thunder is reflected many times by clouds, mountains, and the earth.
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Echo. Oh.
Because lightning belongs to light, the speed of light propagation is much greater than the speed of sound, so rumbling thunder is heard after lightning.
Thunder thundered the zenith, although the rain was not fierce; Thunder thundered and rain rained heavily. (Suzhou, Jiangsu, Hebei).
The thunder roared, and the rain stopped. (Guixian County, Guangxi).
Thunder and hail are frequent. (Shaanxi martial arts).
The first month of thunder, the year into a famine; February thunder, many snakes; March thunder, good crops. (Changshu, Jiangsu).
Since sound travels slower than light, echoes can be generated at distances greater than 17 meters, and it is not surprising that there are echoes during thunder!
Reverberations between the clouds.
200 meters, I've seen this problem, it seems to be the topic of the winter vacation homework in the fourth grade, if you want the process, I don't know.
First, it shows that the minefield is far away from you! It will come gradually! It makes people feel the thunder constantly! Second, sometimes there are large areas of heterogeneity in the high air.
When the cloud of electric charge is discharged, a continuous discharge occurs that thunder is constant!
Thunder and lightning are neutralizing discharges between clouds with heterogeneous charges! The appearance of the face!
From the place of thunder to the place where you are, the speed of light is fast and the speed of sound is slow, the speed of sound travels 340m s in the air, the speed of light is too fast to ignore, after the light arrives, the speed of sound takes 3 seconds to arrive, that is to say, you are about 1000m away from the place of thunder.
Analysis: Lightning and thunder are produced at the same time.
Since the speed of light is much greater than the speed of sound, people on the ground see lightning first and then hear thunder.
One lightning bolt corresponds to only one thunder sound.
Because the thunder is reflected and refracted many times in the clouds, the transmitted sound is divided into multiple times and transmitted to the ground, so that people can hear many sounds, and the human reaction time is about seconds, and the time interval between the two adjacent sounds transmitted by these transmissions is usually less than seconds, so people will feel that the thunder is continuous.
Light travels quite fast, up to 300,000 kilometers per second, while sound travels much slower than light, only 340 meters per second, so when there is lightning, people always see lightning first and then hear thunder. If the lightning phenomenon occurs too far away from the observer, usually 60 kilometers away, the observer can only see lightning and not hear thunder.
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1. What is the reason for the rumbling of thunder before a thunderstorm: This is the sound of the vibration of the air caused by the discharge of a charged cloud. Different sounds and the same sound reach the human ear through different reflex pathways, so rumbling sounds are heard.
2. Why do you see lightning first and then hear thunder when it rains:
1) Lightning is a large-scale spark discharge between clouds, or between clouds and the earth. The lightning currents from clouds to the ground tend to approach the ground along a zigzag path at an average rate of 105 m/s. When it reached a place of tens of meters above the ground, another lightning bolt met from the ground and connected with the descending lightning flash.
2) The current of lightning can be as strong as 104 105 amperes. The path of lightning is only the thickness of a finger, and the temperature can be as high as 3 104. Many times higher than the temperature of the surface of the sun (6 103).
3) Because the temperature is so high, the air column of the passage expands explosively, causing strong sound waves, which is thunder. Thunder is produced by the expansion of the vapor column, but the heating requires a process, i.e. the discharge of electricity is carried out before the gas is heated after we see the light**. And that's just one aspect.
In fact, the main reason is that the speed of light is too fast.
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During a thunderstorm, people hear thunder and know that friction will thunder. This problem is involved in junior high school physics, for example, track and field athletes start together, and there are always different points when they reach the end. Similarly, when it rains, lightning and thunder occur at the same time, but the speed of light is much greater than the speed of sound.
In a vacuum, the speed of light is 3 108 m s, while in air, the speed of light is slightly smaller and can also be approximated as 3 108 m s. Such a speed is equivalent to seven and a half revolutions around the Earth's equator in one second, while the speed of sound in the air is typically 340 m s. Start the timer when you see lightning and measure the time until you hear thunder.
By using the formula s=vsound t, you can estimate the distance to lightning. Similarly, after firing the cannon, you can estimate the distance from the firing point to the ** point by noting the time between the flash and the ** sound. But this method does not work in space, you may have seen the sci-fi ** of the Earth Guardian fighting with alien invaders in space**, when the spaceship is hit and **, it is also the first to see the flash and then hear the **sound, which is pure fantasy.
Because the propagation of light does not need a medium, and the propagation of sound does need a medium, and the vacuum cannot transmit sound, so, really in space, you can only see the flash, but you can't hear the sound.
We all know that astronauts who land on the moon must have face-to-face conversations over the radio, because there is no air on the moon and the sound of human speech cannot travel. So in a thunderstorm, thunder and lightning occur at the same time. But because light travels very fast.
Light travels slower in the air than it does in a vacuum, but it travels almost 30 kilometers faster in seconds. The speed of the sound is much slower. The speed at which sound travels through the air is 340 meters per second.
Therefore, even if thunder strikes far away, the light of lightning reaches our eyes instantaneously, and we do not feel the time it takes. Thunder travels much slower and takes a long time to reach our ears from a distance.
We can tell how far away the thunder is from us by the time difference between lightning and thunder. If we see lightning and hear rumbling thunder five seconds later, the lightning is about 1,700 meters away. Special attention should be paid to the phenomenon of electrical discharges in the atmosphere during thunder, lightning is very dangerous.
Don't stay outdoors when it's thundering in the summer. Do not take shelter under trees to avoid lightning strikes.
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Actually, lightning and thunder occur at the same time, except that lightning is light and runs very fast, while thunder is sound and runs much slower. Because the speed of light is 300,000 kilometers per second, it can circle the earth seven and a half times in one minute; And the speed of sound in the air is about kilometers per second.
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Light travels much faster than sound.
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The rumbling sound, like a train coming slowly in the distance, lasted for a long time, sometimes accompanied by lightning.
The stinging thunder only coincides with the meteorological law in some parts of southern China. In spring, under the influence of the warm and humid airflow from the south, the air is humid, and at the same time, the solar radiation is strong, the air near the ground is constantly heated and rises, and the cold air in the upper layer sinks, which is easy to form strong convection, so there are many thunderstorms and even hail.
It can be seen that the occurrence of thunder and lightning at this time is not only related to the rise of temperature near the surface, but also related to the activity of cold air, and more related to the obvious increase of water vapor in the air at this time. Spring has arrived, and with the enhancement of the power of warm and humid air, there is abundant water vapor, and the towering thunderstorm cloud system can develop, so spring thunder occurs every year.
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