What was the political system of the Song Dynasty within the ruling class of the Song Dynasty

The party struggle that began with Wang Anshi's reform of the law, and the party struggle between the anti-war faction and the Gou peace faction in the later period.

The political system of the Song Dynasty largely followed that of the Tang Dynasty. However, the prime minister is no longer held by the governors of the three provinces, but by anotherThe same as the book under the door of the Ping ZhangFor the prime minister, with the book left and right, six departments of the squire and above to the three divisions of the fill, usually set up two, sometimes set one or three members, the prime minister also concurrently the museum, the palace scholar.

In addition, the governor was added as the deputy prime minister, and those who were above the middle scholar and above and the secretary of the six departments were filled, and there were no permanent members, usually with two members, sometimes one, three or four members. The Prime Minister and the Deputy Prime Minister, the Privy Envoy, the Privy Councillor, the Privy Councillor

Technology

In the Song Dynasty, under the promotion of the whole social economy and culture, science and technology have made great progress, and the scientific and technological achievements of the two Song Dynasty have not only become a peak in the history of science and technology in ancient China, but also in the world at that time, and promote the development of human civilization.

It was improved and applied in the Song Dynasty.

When mentioning the science and technology of the Two Song Dynasty, people often mention Shen Kuo.

and his "Dream Creek Writings".

For example, Dr. Joseph Needham praised Shen Kuo as "the most outstanding figure in the entire history of Chinese science", and his "Mengxi Writings" is "the coordinates in the history of Chinese science".

He also has a lot of achievements in his manuscripts, such as medicine, which was divided into nine departments from the previous three departments, and the world's earliest forensic science work "Clearing Grievances" appeared

Acupuncture has developed a lot. "Historical Evidence for Emergency Materia Medica".

There are 476 more kinds of drugs than the "Tang Materia Medica".

The system of the Song Dynasty was as follows:

The central organ of the Song Dynasty was the "Erfu System", that is, there were two institutions of Zhongshu and the Privy Council, which "held the two handles of civil and military, and were called Erfu". The characteristic of the two-government system is the separation of civil and military powers. The "Zhongshu" of the Song Dynasty was of the same nature as the "Zhongshu Menxia" of the Tang Dynasty, and it was the place where the prime minister worked.

In addition to the Chinese book, although the names of Shangshu and Menxia provinces exist, they have become foreign dynasties and are not prime ministers' institutions.

At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, following the system of the late Tang Dynasty, the "Tongzhongshu Menxia Ping Zhangshi" (referred to as "Tongping Zhangshi") was the prime minister, and the governor was the deputy minister. From Shang Shucheng. Lang to the three divisions can add this title as prime minister or deputy minister.

The governors of the three provinces, such as Shangshu Ling, Shizhong, and Zhongshu Ling, are often "absent but not placed" in high positions.

With the right servant of the book and the servant of the book to carry out the order of the book, as the second phase. Nominally, three provinces were restored, but in fact they tended to be one province, and the second minister was closer to the emperor because of the request for a decree. Deputy ministers, including the subordinate squire, the middle book squire, and the left and right of the monks.

During the reign of Emperor Huizong, the prime minister was changed to Dazai, and the second minister was Shaozai.

In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, the left and right servants of Shangshu shot the same Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi as the prime minister, and the men served as the lang. Zhongshu Shilang was changed to participate in the governor's political affairs as the deputy minister, and the left and right officials of the Shangshu were abolished. Judging from the official title of the prime minister, the three provinces have been merged into one province.

When Xiaozong, he simply changed the left and right servants of Shangshu to the left and right ministers of the same Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi, and the governor's political affairs did not change (the left and right prime ministers, Tang Xuanzong was the governor of Shangshu Province, and Song was the governor of Zhongshu).

In the Song Dynasty, there was a term for "Zaizhi", which was the combined name of the prime minister and the ruling minister. The prime minister refers to the prime minister, which is limited to the prime ministers and vice-ministers of Tongping Zhangshi, Shangshu's left servant and his servant and his servant and Shangshu's right servant and Zhongshu Shilang, as well as the left and right servants of Shangshu in the Southern Song Dynasty. The vice-ministers include the Governor of the Council, the Men and the Ministers, the Zhongshu Ministers, the Left and Right Ministers of the Shangshu, and the Privy Councillors and Vice-Chancellors, collectively known as the "Ruling Party".

Because their ancestor Zhao Kuangyin is a glass of wine to release military power, they just study.