What are the main types of landforms? What are the types of landforms?

The type of land surface undulation morphology according to certain principles. It is generally believed that ordinary landform types should be divided according to the principle of combining morphology and genesis, but due to the complexity of geomorphology, geomorphological force and its development process, there is no completely unified classification scheme at present, and the classification method combining morphological classification and genetic classification is generally adopted.

Geomorphological types refer to the types of landforms that are divided according to the surface morphology. At present, morphological classifications are not uniform around the world. China's terrestrial landform is traditionally divided into five major morphological types: plain, hilly, mountainous, plateau and basin.

The 1:1 000000 Geomorphological Map Specification for China (Science Press, 1989) approved by the China 1:1 000000 Geomorphological Map Committee has identified four basic morphological types: plains, plateaus, hills and mountains.

In this morphological classification, basins and plateaus are considered as a combination of relevant morphological types. Most of the smaller morphological types are divided by combining with their genesis, such as crescent-shaped dunes, cirques, dissolving buckets, etc., and only this classification of morphology-genesis combination can better reflect the characteristics of these morphological types.

Geomorphological genesis refers to the types of landforms classified according to the geomorphological genesis. Due to the complexity of the factors that form the landscape, there is currently no unified genetic classification scheme. According to the external forces, it is usually divided into flowing water landform, lacustrine landform, dry landform, aeolian landform, loess landform, karst landform, glacial landform, ice edge landform, coastal landform, weathering and slope gravity landform, etc.

External landforms can generally be divided into two types: erosion and accumulation. According to the internal force, it is usually divided into geotectonic landforms, folded tectonic landforms, fault tectonic landforms, volcanic and lava flow landforms, etc. Whether it is the external force landform or the internal force landform, on the basis of the division of dynamic properties, it can be further divided according to the subordination of the camp force and the size of the form scale.

A relatively complete geomorphological classification system is often a multi-level mixed classification system that considers both external and internal forces, as well as morphology and scale. In addition, according to the actual needs, special geomorphological classification can also be carried out, such as karst landform classification, aeolian sand landform classification, and application landform classification directly for production services.

I am a teacher who teaches landforms, and there are many types of landforms, but they are mainly divided into the following categories:

Slope landform River landform.

Karst landforms. Glacial landforms.

Tundra landforms. Desert landscapes.

Loess landforms. Coastal landforms.

I won't talk about the detailed internal division, I can't write too much.

If you're good at terrain units, geography isn't easy.

You should quickly find examples of landforms by comparing these types yourself.

Mountains, plateaus, hills, plains, basins, oceans.

Impact Plain: Plain in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

Glacial Erosion Plains: Western European Plains.

Danxia landform: Wuyi Mountain.

Karst landform: Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is widely spread in permafrost.

The Loess Plateau has thousands of ravines and vertical joints in the soil layer.

Western European Plains Glacier erosion landforms.

Type of landform:

1. Karst landform.

The term "karst" derives from a place name in the former Yugoslavia. Karst landform refers to the dissolution of limestone by water and the accompanying mechanical action to form various landforms: stone buds, stone ditches, stone forests, karst caves, underground rivers, etc.

Surface water has an important erosive effect on the sediments or rocks it passes through during the movement, including the debris transport under hydrodynamic action, the chemical dissolution of water on the rocks or sediments, and the abrasive effect of debris during the transport process. The karst landscape is the result of the erosion of carbonate rocks by groundwater.

2. Yadan landform.

Yadan refers specifically to a special landform in dry areas. In the beginning, there was a plateau-shaped plateau composed of bedrock in the desert, and there were joints or fissures in the highlands, which were widened and expanded by heavy rainfall.

3. Danxia landform.

It refers to the red sandstone after long-term weathering and stripping and flowing water erosion, forming isolated peaks and steep strange rocks, is the general name of various Danxia peaks along the vertical joints in the huge thick red sand and conglomerate layers. It is mainly developed in the horizontal or gently dipping red strata from the Jurassic to the Tertiary period, and is most typical of the Danxia Mountains in the northern part of Guangdong Province, China, hence the name.

4. Glacial landforms.

Landscapes shaped by glaciation. It belongs to the category of climatic and geomorphological forms. 11 percent of the Earth's land surface is covered by modern glaciers, mainly in the polar regions, high mountains and plateaus at mid- and low-latitude levels.

During the Quaternary Ice Age, continental ice sheets in Europe, Asia and North America were distributed continuously, affecting a wider area than today, leaving a large number of glacial relics on the surface.

5. Volcanic landforms.

Various accumulations formed by volcanic eruptions. When a volcano erupts, large amounts of gases, liquids, and solids are ejected from deep within the earth through volcanic tunnels (volcanic throats). A large amount of solid matter is sprayed into the air with the gas, and then falls to the ground to form a cone-shaped volcanic body, which is called a volcano.

A volcano is generally composed of three parts: a volcanic cone, a crater, and a throat.

6. Coastal landforms.

A general term for various landforms formed by the combined action of tectonic movements, seawater dynamics, biological processes and climatic factors. The change of glacial and interglacial periods in the Quaternary period caused a large rise and fall of sea level, sea inflow and retreat, resulting in continuous changes in the coast. 6,000 7,000 years ago, the sea level rose to a height equivalent to modern sea level, forming the basic outline of the modern coast and forming a variety of coastal landforms.

The types of landforms vary depending on the way they are classified: common:

According to the scouring and siltation division: erosion landform and accumulation landform.

According to the action dynamics: glacial landform, aeolian sand landform, river landform, coastal landform, lake landform, gravity landform, etc.

According to the material composition: Danxia landform, karst landform and so on.

Common landforms are:

1: Flowing water landform. Flowing water transport, erosion, accumulation.

2: Volcanic landforms.

3: Aeolian landforms. Typical Yadan landform. It is mainly due to wind erosion.

4. Glacial landforms. Glacier transport, accumulation, abrasion.

5: Permafrost.

6. Coastal landforms. Water erosion.

7: Karst landforms. Dissolution.

8: Danxia landform. The causes are complex, including flowing water, dissolution, and gravity collapse.

Mountain. Plateau.

Basin. Hilly.

Plain. The types of landforms vary depending on the way they are classified: common:

According to the scouring and siltation division: erosion landform and accumulation landform.

According to the action dynamics: glacial landform, aeolian sand landform, river landform, coastal landform, lake landform, gravity landform, etc.

According to the material composition: Danxia landform, karst landform and so on.

The types of geography and landforms are as follows:

1. Mountains. As the name suggests, it is a place with mountains, mountains are the collective name of highlands and mountains, the altitude is more than 500 meters, it seems to have a steep slope, the mountains are undulating and undulating, generally more vein-like distribution, the valleys are deep and secluded, China's Tianshan, Himalayas, Altai Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, are all mountains, and they are also famous mountains in China.

2. Plains. There are three major plains in China, the North China Plain, the Northeast Plain, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Plain, most of which are important agricultural areas, with an altitude of less than 200 meters, a wide surface, and more importantly, a flat land and fertile soil.

3. Basin. The basin is characterized by the surrounding height, the middle land, the lowest basin in China is the Turpan Basin, -155 meters, and there are four major basins in China: Sichuan Basin, Tarim Basin, Junggar Basin, Qaidam Basin.

4. Hills. The characteristic of the hills is that the altitude is between two hundred meters and five hundred meters, and they are generally composed of low mountains, and the slope is not high, and there are three major hills in China: the Jiangnan hills, which are also the largest hills in China, the Liaoxi hills and the Huaiyang hills.

5. Plateau. The altitude of the plateau is below 500 meters, although the ups and downs of the terrain are not much imitation, but the edge is steep, the original look is uneven, the mountains are undulating, the four major plateaus of our country are: the Loess Plateau, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Yunsui Plateau, the Inner Mongolia Plateau.

The landform types include loess landform, karst landform, karst landform, river landform, tectonic landform, limestone landform, etc., in addition, karst landform is the most widely distributed in limestone formation, and the development is the most typical, so it is also called "limestone landform". The landform types include loess landform, karst landform, karst landform, river landform, tectonic landform, limestone landform, etc., in addition, karst landform is the most widely distributed in limestone formation, and the development is the most typical, so it is also called "limestone landform".

The types of landforms are:

1. Loess landform: soil-like accumulations, mostly due to the erosion of flowing water, are mainly manifested as broken surfaces, like a thousand holes.

2. Karst landform: also known as karst landform. It is mainly dissolved, including erosion, latent erosion, and mechanical erosion processes such as collapse. This action and the phenomena it produces are collectively known as karst.

3. Danxia landform: a general term for special landforms such as square mountains, strange peaks, cliffs, and stone pillars composed of huge red sandstone and conglomerate. It is mainly developed in the Jurassic to the Tertiary period, and the occurrence is horizontal or gently inclined red continental strata, with Danxia Mountain in Guangdong and Fujian as a typical type.

4. Yadan landform: a peculiar geographical landscape, a series of intermittently extended elongated mounds and concave trenches distributed at intervals, known as Yadan landform; Formed by strong directional wind erosion and paleofluvial erosion. The Yadan landform in Xinjiang is the most distributed.

5. Sand dune landform: formed by wind accumulation, mainly crescent-shaped dunes, dune chains, sand ridges, sand lands, etc.

6. Coastal landform: a general term for various landforms formed by the joint action of coastal tectonic movements, seawater dynamics, biological processes and climatic factors. There are mainly sea cliffs, sea stacks, sea caves, sea erosion planes and so on.

7. Glacier landform: the surface form formed by the erosion and accumulation of glaciers, such as cirques, horn peaks, trough valleys, fjords, moraine lakes, moraine hills, etc.

8. Volcanic landform: a mountain form formed by the eruption and accumulation of magma inside the earth's crust.

1. Mountains. Mountains are the most common landform types in China, accounting for the total area of landforms in China, and are characterized by mountainous shapes such as mountains, valleys, cols, and peaks, with uneven terrain, and most of the mountains are trapezoidal, polygonal or ring-shaped, mainly distributed in the western, southern and eastern coastal areas of China.

2. Hills. Hills are the second most common landform type in China, accounting for the total area of landforms in the country, and are characterized by the terrain of hills, hills, ridges, valleys, shallow ditches, etc., the terrain is uneven, mostly trapezoidal or linear, mainly distributed in the central and eastern coastal areas and western regions of China.

3. Plains. Plain is the third most common landform type in China, accounting for the total area of the country's landform, and its characteristics are that the terrain is mostly flat, the terrain does not change much, and most of them are rivers and valleys or lakes and valleys, which are mainly distributed in the central and eastern coastal areas and western regions of China.

Fourth, rivers. Rivers are the fourth most common landform type in China, accounting for the total area of landforms in China, and are characterized by the terrain of river valleys, mainly rivers, and mostly polygonal lines, which are mainly distributed in the central and eastern coastal areas and western regions of China.

5. Lakes. Lakes are the fifth most common landform type in China, accounting for the total area of the country's landforms, and are characterized by the terrain of lakes and valleys, mainly lakes, and polygonal lines, mainly distributed in the central and eastern coastal areas and western regions of China.

6. Desert. Desert is the sixth most common landform type in China, accounting for the total area of landforms in China, and its characteristics are that the terrain is mostly deserts, sand dunes, sand ridges, sand depressions, etc., and the terrain is mostly polygonal, mainly distributed in western China.

7. Glaciers. Glacier is the seventh most common landform type in China, accounting for the total area of the country's landform, and its characteristics are that the terrain is mostly glaciers, glaciers, ice valleys, glacial lakes, cherry blossoms, etc., and the topography is mostly polygonal, mainly distributed in western China.

8. Tidal flats. Tidal flats are the eighth most common landform type in China, accounting for the total area of landforms in China, and are characterized by the terrain of tidal flats, tidal depressions, sand dunes, sand ridges, etc., and the topography is mostly polygonal, mainly distributed in the eastern coastal areas of China.

In short, there are eight main types of landforms in China: mountains, hills, plains, rivers, lakes, deserts, glaciers and tidal flats. Among them, mountains and hills are the most common landform types in China, with the widest distribution range, accounting for the total landform area of the country, and the rest of the landform types are less distributed, accounting for the total landform area of the country.