Issues of International Trade in Services 1, Knowledge of International Trade 2

According to the relationship between the producing country and the consumer country in the international ** (whether there is a third country to participate) can be divided into:

1. Direct trade: refers to the act of buying and selling commodities between commodity producing countries and commodity consuming countries without passing through third countries. ** is called direct export on the part of the exporting country, and direct import on the part of the importing country.

2. Indirect trade and transit trade: refers to the act of buying and selling commodities between commodity producing countries and commodity consuming countries through third countries, the producer country in indirect trade is called the indirect exporting country, the consumer country is called the indirect importing country, and the third country is the entrepot country, and the third country is engaged in re-exporting.

According to the content of **, it is divided into:

Service**, Processing**, Goods**, General**,

According to the number of participating countries, it is divided into: bilateral and multilateral.

1. Bilateral refers to the agreement between the two countries on the basis of bilateral settlement. In this way, both sides pay for imports from the other side with the export of one party, which is mostly implemented in foreign exchange control countries. In addition, bilateral ** also refers to ** exchanges between the two countries.

2. Multilateral, also multi-angled, refers to the mutual purchase and sale of three or more countries on the basis of multilateral settlement through an agreement. Obviously, under the trend of economic globalization, multilateralism is more common.

Geographical direction. The international geographical direction is also known as "international trade by region", which is used to indicate the position of each continent, country or regional group in the world. To calculate the proportion of each country in the world, it is possible to calculate the proportion of each country's import and export volume in the world's total import and export, and also calculate the proportion of the country's total import and export volume in the world's total import and export volume (the world's total import and export volume).

Since foreign goods are the exchange of commodities between a country and other countries, it is of great significance to combine the analysis and research of foreign goods according to commodity classification and national classification, that is, to combine the study of commodity structure and geographical direction, to find out the destination of different categories of commodities in a country's exports and the different categories of commodities in imports.

Characteristics of the international **

International goods** belong to the scope of commodity exchange, and domestic ** is not different in nature, but because it is carried out between different countries or regions, it has the following characteristics compared with domestic **:

1. International goods should involve differences and conflicts that may exist in different countries or regions in terms of policy measures and legal systems, as well as differences in language, culture, social customs, etc., and the issues involved are far more complex than those in China.

2. The transaction quantity and amount of international goods are generally larger, the transportation distance is farther, and the performance time is longer, so the risk borne by both parties to the transaction is much greater than that of domestic goods.

3. International goods are susceptible to the political and economic changes in the countries where the two parties to the transaction are located, bilateral relations and changes in the international situation.

Your question is not complete enough, you don't provide the cost of freight, and the total weight is mentioned earlier, but the weight of each box you get later does not match. Assuming change:

A company plans to export 30 metric tons of frozen donkey meat to Japan, with a total of 1,500 boxes, each box with a gross weight of 20kg and a volume of 20*30*40 (cm) per box. The original price was $30 per box FOB, and the Japanese businessman called back to request to change to CFR Kobe. Check that the commodity billing standard is w m, and each freight ton is 40 US dollars, and ask how much is the total freight of this batch of goods?

How much does CFR cost?

3. The reference sample is ().

3) For the other party to understand the quality of the product.

4. According to the provisions of the foreign certificate, the quantity is 10,000 metric tons of bulk goods, with a total amount of 900,000 US dollars, and it is not indicated whether it can be overflowed and short-loaded, and it is not allowed to be shipped in 9 batches.

4) The quantity can be increased or decreased by 5, and the amount shall not exceed 900,000 US dollars.

7. The following statement is incorrect: ().

2) Unless otherwise specified in the L/C, the commercial invoice must be issued by the beneficiary designated in the L/C (except for the L/C);

8. In accordance with the provisions of the Convention, a definite offer ().

4) The name, quantity, **, and shipping period must be indicated.

9. At 8:50 a.m. on November 15, an import and export company made an offer to a company in the United States by telegram, and it was valid to return to our company on November 20. Nov. 18 at 10 a.m

At 00 hours, a telex of acceptance and withdrawal of acceptance by the American company was received at the same time. Accepted in this regard in accordance with the provisions of the Convention ().

1) Can be withdrawn.

11. Xiao Huang, a salesman of Hangzhou Company A, opened the company's computer at 8:30 a.m. Beijing time on February 5 and found an email from Canadian Company B, expressing his acceptance of the transaction conditions negotiated by e-mail in the early stage. The mail server usually used by Company A shows that the time of acceptance of the email is 1:00 a.m

00, the mail server belongs to an ISP provider in Beijing. According to the United Nations Model Law on Electronic Commerce, the time and place of the formation of the contract should be: ().

3) 1:00 a.m. Beijing time, February 5, Beijing;

12. Regarding **, the following statement is correct ().

2) When the local currency is changed to a foreign currency, the selling price must be multiplied;

13. If the contract adopts the London Insurance Association Marine Cargo Insurance Clause, it is incorrect to insure the loss of or damage to the insured goods caused by the vandalism of someone other than the insured.

1) A insurance, plus malicious damage insurance;

14. The letter of credit embodies ().

1) The contractual relationship between the applicant and the issuing bank;

16. According to the provisions of the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits, if sea freight is used, or multimodal transport including sea freight ().

2) The bank can accept the bill of lading under the charterparty.

17. If the contract stipulates the use of overflow and short-loading, if overloading, the following statement is wrong ().

2) Calculated according to the date of shipment, the market price is unfavorable, which is favorable to the seller and unfavorable to the buyer;

18. In the import business, the products inspected and released by the customs on the basis of the "Import Certificate" are ().

3) Mechanical and electrical products that implement the automatic registration system.

19. Among the following settlement methods, the importer bears the greatest risk ().

5) D A20, in China's export business, within the date of receipt of foreign exchange payment () with the "foreign exchange verification form" received by the foreign exchange administration and the "special copy for verification of export receipts" issued by the bank, to the foreign exchange administration for export receipts verification.

1) 30 days.

11. a

I'm very serious about it, flipping through books and looking up information.

I !! I'm not a foreign trade specialist, no.

The General Agreement on Trade in Service (GATS) is a multilateral agreement governed by the world's largest organizations. The GAS** consists of three main parts: the terms of the agreement itself, also known as the framework agreement, the sectoral agreement, and the market access commitment of the members.

The GAS** itself consists of a preamble and six parts, 29 articles. The first 28 articles are framework agreements that set out the principles and rules for the liberalization of services**, and article 29 is an annex (out of 8 annexes). The main contents include:

Scope and definitions, general obligations and disciplines, specific commitments, gradual liberalization, institutional provisions, final clauses, etc., are at the heart of most-favoured-nation treatment, national treatment, market access, transparency and the free movement of payments and transfers. The GAS** applies to all policy measures taken by Members that affect services, including those taken by the Member, regional or local, and by authorities and their non-governmental bodies authorized to exercise their powers.

The purpose of the GATT** is to expand global services** under conditions of transparency and gradual liberalization and to promote economic growth among members and the development of services in developing country members. Taking into account the uneven development of services** among members, the agreement allows members to manage services** as necessary and encourages developing country members to participate more in world services** by improving their domestic service capacity, efficiency and competitiveness.

The General Agreement on Services** stipulates that international services** include four specific methods: (1) cross-border supply; (2) consumption abroad; (3) commercial presence; (4) Movement of natural persons. The General Agreement on Services** lists the services sector as including the following 12 sectors:

Commerce, communications, construction, sales, education, environment, finance, health, tourism, entertainment, transport, and others are divided into more than 160 sub-sectors. The Agreement sets out the general obligations and principles to which all members must observe, and the steps for measures for consultation and dispute settlement.