What should China s position be on the new round of negotiations on the emission reduction treaty?

The Copenhagen meeting at the end of this year has become the focus of attention. According to Xie Zhenhua, deputy director of the country, the negotiations on the implementation of the Bali roadmap have entered a critical stage, and the core of the negotiations is whether to adhere to the Convention, the Protocol and the Bali roadmap, whether developed countries should continue to take the lead in reducing emissions, and how to embody the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities" and the principle of fairness.

"On the whole, the basic pattern of international negotiations on climate change has not changed fundamentally, and there are still two camps of developed and developing countries, and the focus of the conflict is still the sharing of emission reduction responsibilities, financial provision and technology transfer," he said. ”

He clarified China's position on climate change, first, developed countries should continue to undertake substantial quantitative emission reduction targets in the second commitment period of the Protocol, and by 2020 should reduce emissions by at least 40% from the 1990 level, and developed countries that have not ratified the Protocol should undertake comparable emission reduction obligations. Second, developed countries should earnestly fulfill their commitments to provide financial, technology transfer and capacity-building support to developing countries, and make corresponding institutional arrangements. Third, under the framework of sustainable development and with the support of technology, finance and capacity building of developed countries, developing countries should take appropriate actions to adapt to and mitigate climate change in accordance with their national conditions.

Under the premise of not harming too many interests of the country, we should make certain commitments with reference to the industrial level of developed countries, the degree of damage to the environment, and the responsibility of emission reduction that they are willing to assume.

We should take into account the fact that China is still a developing country, fully respect the reality of China's industrial development, and make appropriate concessions with us as the mainstay.

The problem facing the negotiations of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was a fundamental difference of opinion between developed and developing countries, which essentially consisted of upholding the principle of "common but differentiated" established by the Convention. The focus of the debate is: whether developed countries should continue to commit to emission reduction targets and fulfill their obligations to provide technical and financial support to developing countries for global warming; Should we uphold the right to development of developing countries and allow them to catch up on the road of industrialization and urbanization, or should we undertake the obligation of compulsory emission reduction like developed countries.

The representative of Japan said that in the second commitment period, China would not set a target for reducing emissions, and that Japan would abandon its previous commitment to reduce emissions by 25% by 2020. The United States has also spoken ill of China, saying that China is the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases. The European Union has similarly criticized China.

In criticizing China, the West seems to have "forgotten" the basic fact that the current warming is actually the result of the accumulated carbon emissions in the developed world. From the Industrial Revolution to 1950, developed countries accounted for 95% of the world's cumulative carbon dioxide emissions; From 1950 to 2000, developed countries also accounted for 77% of global carbon emissions. In the 100 years between 1904 and 2004, China accounted for only 8% of global carbon dioxide emissions.

Even at present, the per capita emissions of Chinese are not high, in 2009, China's per capita annual carbon dioxide emissions were tons, significantly lower than the world per capita, 1 3 per capita in developed countries, and only 1 5 in the United States. Less developed countries, such as Ethiopia, emit only tonnes of carbon dioxide per capita per year, less than one-third of the U.S. per capita per year. It is an unreasonable demand for developed countries that have now achieved industrialization and urbanization to demand that developing countries such as China, which are still in the process of industrialization and urbanization, also bear the same emission reductions.

If developing countries were to take on the same responsibility for reducing carbon emissions as developed countries, it would have a serious impact on economic development. In fact, the developed countries want to maintain the situation in which the rich countries are always happy, and the poor countries are always poor. In the case of China, for example, I have calculated that even if there are no cuts, but only the original total amount of emissions, and by 2020, the country's carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP (known as carbon intensity) will be reduced by 40% to 45% compared with 2005, as China** has promised, then China's average annual GDP growth rate will not exceed 4% at most.

Developed countries are unwilling to give advanced environmental protection technology to developing countries, nor are they willing to bear the harm caused to the environment by their industrialization in the process of historical development. Developing countries are also reluctant to pay for the past harm of developed industrial countries, coupled with the fact that developing countries are in the stage of development and upgrading, and the technology is not so mature, and there is little ability to do mature environmental protection technology. That's pretty much it, I hope it helps.

Global climate change caused by the rising concentration of greenhouse gases such as CO2 in the atmosphere may have a series of negative impacts on human health, food and water security, social stability and economic development. In order to halt or halt the process of global warming through the joint efforts of the whole world, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol have been signed with the political efforts of countries around the world. Although there was no agreement on the specific implementation rules of the Convention and the Protocol, it marked an important step forward for the people of the global village to protect the global environment.

Globally, 192 countries have joined the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), a global climate protection agreement, and signed the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, pledging to jointly reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2012 and help vulnerable regions cope with the disasters caused by warming. China has also recognized the huge impact of climate change from various aspects, including scientific and social development, and has begun to actively respond to it. In 2005, China passed its first Law on the Utilization of Renewable Energy.

Under the guidance of this positive policy, by the end of 2008, China's wind power generation capacity was 12.8 billion kWh, an increase over the previous year. Wind power has become a major force in this energy revolution. China has also become the world's largest photovoltaic industry base, and last year's solar power generation reached a total of the world's solar power generation.

In addition, China has also put forward a series of goals such as reducing energy consumption per unit of GDP by about 20 percent by 2010 compared with 2005, and striving to achieve forest coverage by 2010 and striving to achieve 16 percent of the proportion of renewable energy in the energy structure by 2010.

United States: The 4% reduction target is also difficult to commit. Obama initially hoped to use his popularity to push the United States to pass a climate bill before Copenhagen, even though the United States pledged to cut greenhouse gas emissions by about 4% from 1990 levels, a huge gap from what developing countries wanted.

EU: Commit to reducing emissions by 95% by 2050. Europe is trying to reassert its international leadership on climate change, noting that if a climate change agreement is reached in Copenhagen, it will cut greenhouse gas emissions by up to 95% by 2050 and by 30% by 2020.

India: India's Environment Minister Ramesh announced on the 3rd that India will cut its carbon dioxide emissions per unit of gross domestic product (GDP) by 20% by 2020 from 2005 levels.

United Kingdom: On the 28th of 2009, the Commonwealth ** Summit issued the "Port of Spain Climate Change Consensus: Commonwealth Declaration on Climate Change", emphasizing that at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, all parties should reach a legally binding agreement, and developed countries should provide help to countries in need, especially financial assistance.

Australia: The Senate of the Australian Parliament once again rejected the climate change bill proposed by the Australian Labor Party on the 2nd, which made Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd go to the meeting empty-handed. Australia is the world's largest exporter of coal, surpassing the United States in per capita emissions.

It is proposed that greenhouse gas emissions be reduced by 5 to 15 per cent over the next 10 years compared to 2000.

Russia: Russia** has announced that its greenhouse gas emissions will fall by 25 percent by 2020. In other words, between 1990 and 2020, Russia will ensure that its total greenhouse gas emissions will be reduced by more than 30 billion tons.

The United States has demanded that emerging countries such as China and India also undertake emission reduction obligations. And the U.S. itself will only reduce its emissions by 4 percentage points from a 90-year basis according to EU standards. The United States declined to specify the amount of its financial aid and refused to provide aid to China.

The EU has asked the United States and China to share the main responsibility for reducing emissions, agreeing to provide some funding to developing countries over 10 to 12 years. The EU will cut emissions by 35 percentage points from a 90-year base.

Japan has demanded that the United States, the European Union, and China agree to reduce emissions.

China and India have asked for "common but differentiated responsibilities", and China and India have agreed to reduce emissions, but not mandatory, developed countries must reduce emissions by 40 percentage points on a 90-year basis, and developed countries' emissions reductions must be subject to international monitoring and verification. Developed countries undertake financial and technical support to developing countries. Emissions reductions in China and India cannot be monitored.

The alliance of island nations is dependent on China and India, but it also has some claims of its own. In addition to some consistent positions with China and India, they demanded that developed countries reduce emissions by 45 percentage points. Later, there were even calls for China and India to reduce emissions, but they quickly disappeared.

Developed countries, such as Europe and the United States, have high emission reduction standards, while developing countries (China, India, etc.) are technologically backward and generally do not reach such low emissions. In fact, developed countries have a high degree of total carbon dioxide emissions due to their high degree of industrialization, while developing countries emit more carbon dioxide per unit of output than developed countries, but the total amount is small, so it is the developed countries that have a significant impact on global warming. Europe and the United States raise emission standards to curb the development of developing countries

Either buy his latest emission reduction equipment and emission reduction technology, and spend our foreign exchange reserves; Either slow down our economic development and not pose a threat to them.

Even more frightening is the requirement to pay for emissions with carbon tariffs, which are entirely borrowed from US-dominated banks.