Copper? Steel? What are the types of iron?

There are three kinds of copper, copper, brass, and white copper.

There is too much steel to count......Let's check the hardware manual.

There is also a lot of iron.

Differences: 1 iron, silvery-white, solid, conductive, strong paramagnetic, more active than hydrogen, +2+3+6 valence.

2 Copper, purple-red, solid, very conductive, not very lively, with +1+2 valence.

3. The activity of copper is weak, and the reaction of iron element with copper sulfate can replace copper element. Copper is insoluble in non-oxidizing acids.

Facts: Iron is a metallic element with atomic number 26 and iron elemental chemical formula: Fe.

Pure iron is white or silvery-white with a metallic luster. Melting point 1538, boiling point 2750, soluble in strong acid and medium strong acid, insoluble in water. Iron has 0 valence, +2 valence, +3 valence and +6 valence, of which +2 and +3 valence are more common, and +6 valence is rare.

Iron is widely distributed in life, and the content of the earth's crust is second only to oxygen, silicon, and aluminum, ranking fourth in the earth's crust. Pure iron is a flexible and malleable silvery-white metal, used to make the core of generators and motors, iron and its compounds are also used to make magnets, drugs, inks, pigments, abrasives, etc., is one of the "ferrous metals" in the industry.

The other two are chromium and manganese) (in fact, pure pig iron is silvery-white, and iron is called a "ferrous metal" because the surface of iron is often covered with a protective film consisting mainly of black ferric tetroxide). In addition, the human body also contains iron, and +2-valent ferrous ions are an important component of hemoglobin and are used for oxygen transport.

Copper is a transition element, the chemical symbol Cu, English copper, atomic number 29. Pure copper is a soft metal, the surface is reddish-orange with metallic luster when it is first cut, and the elemental color is purple-red. Good ductility, high thermal and electrical conductivity, so it is the most commonly used material in cables and electrical and electronic components, and can also be used as a building material, which can form many alloys.

Copper alloys have excellent mechanical properties and very low resistivity, the most important of which are bronze and brass. In addition, copper is also a durable metal that can be used many times without compromising its mechanical properties.

Divalent copper salts are the most common copper compounds, and their hydrated ions are often blue, while chlorine ligands are green, which is the color of minerals such as azurite and turquoise, and has been widely used as a pigment in history. Copper building structures can be corroded to produce patina (basic copper carbonate). The decorative arts mainly used metallic copper and copper-containing pigments.

The color is different, the hardness is different, and the gloss is different.

What do steel, copper-iron alloys belong to in the classification of substances? Copper-iron alloy, he belongs to alloy products, it belongs to products such as steel, in the classification, it belongs to the metal category, not just now.

The main component of patina is basic copper carbonate, also known as salt-based copper carbonate. Structurally, it is a compound compound, (with both hydroxide and carbonate) and it can be classified as carbonate in the classification of substances.

Aeruga is in the classification of chemical substances, and it belongs to the basic salt. That's it, he's the base salt of copper carbonate.

Iron is divided into pig iron and wrought iron and steel.

Pig iron is an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon content greater than 2.

Wrought iron is a relatively pure iron made from pig iron. The carbon content is below, also known as wrought iron and pure iron.

Steel is a general term for ferroalloys with a carbon content and mass percentage between to.

There are also general oxides of iron: ferrous oxide, iron oxide, ferric tetroxide.

1. Classification according to the form of existence in nature:

The natural copper --- copper content is above 99, but the reserves are very small;

There are not many copper oxide ore ---;

Copper sulfide ore --- extremely low copper content, generally around 2-3%, more than 80% of the world's copper is refined from copper sulfide ore.

2. Classification according to the production process:

Copper concentrate --- ore with a high copper content selected prior to smelting;

Blister copper--- the product after copper concentrate smelting, with a copper content of 95 98;

Pure copper --- copper with a content of more than 99 after fire refining or electrolysis. 99 pure copper can be obtained by fire refining, and the purity of copper can be reached by electrolysis.

3. Classification according to the main alloy composition:

brass---copper-zinc alloy;

bronze--- copper-tin alloys, etc. (except for zinc and nickel, alloys with other elements are called bronze);

Cupronickel--- copper-cobalt-nickel alloy.

1.Pure copper: commonly known as 'red copper' in China, and 'red copper' in Japan and Taiwan

a.Common grades: T1, T2, T3, TU1, TU2BCharacteristic: Electrically conductive.

c.Common uses: electrical switches, motor coils, electronic parts, air conditioning pipelines, soft welding torch heads.

2.Brass: Contains zinc.

a.Grades: H59, H62, H65, H68, HPB59-1 (free-cutting brass).

b.Characteristics: high strength, wear resistance, water vapor corrosion resistance.

c.Common uses: building hardware, heat exchanger tubes, pumps, power cylinders and bushings, munitions.

3.Cupronickel: Nickel-contained.

a.Common grades: B19, B25, BFE10-1-1, BZN15-20, BA13-3

b.Characteristics: Stable physical properties at room temperature.

Szon's CCommon uses: medical appliances, precision instruments, thermocouples, watch parts, spectacle frames.

4.Bronze:

a.Definitions:

Old name: that is, tin bronze, such as ancient bells, tripods, and wine vessels.

New definition: a general term other than purple, yellow and white copper.

b.Name:

Chrome Bronze: QCR

Tin Bronze: QSN 4-3, QSN

Aluminum Bronze: QAL 5, QAL 9-2, QAL 10-4-4 Beryllium Bronze: QSI 3-1, QSI

Manganese Bronze: QMN 5

Cadmium bronze: QCD 1, etc.

c.According to the practical physical and chemical indicators, such as hardness, strength, elasticity, high temperature resistance, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and so on, there are different formulations.

d.Usage:

For example: tin phosphor bronze: good elasticity, used as lamp spring sheet, switch spring sheet.

Resistance welding electrode materials (rolling welding machine, butt welding machine, butt welding machine, riveting welding machine) chromium zirconium copper, beryllium cobalt copper.

The scope of application is extremely wide and miscellaneous.

Codes for all types of copper:

1. Pure copper: code "T".

Pure copper, as the name suggests, is the copper with the highest copper content, because the color purple red is also known as copper, the main component is copper plus silver, and the content beam rises to cavity; Main impurity elements: phosphorus, bismuth, antimony, arsenic, iron, nickel, lead, tin, sulfur, zinc, oxygen, etc.; It is used to make conductive equipment, high-grade copper alloys, and copper-based alloys.

2. Brass: code "H".

Brass is an alloy composed of copper and zinc, brass composed of copper and zinc is called ordinary brass, and if it is a variety of alloys composed of more than two elements, it is called special brass. Brass has strong wear resistance, and brass is often used in the manufacture of valves, water pipes, connecting pipes and radiators for internal and external units of air conditioners.

3. Bronze: code name "Q".

Bronze is the earliest alloy in the history of metal smelting and casting, and the alloy of tin or lead added to pure copper (copper) has special importance and historical significance, compared with pure copper (copper), bronze has high strength and low melting point (25% tin smelting bronze, the melting point will be reduced to 800). The melting point of pure copper (copper) is 1083). Bronze has good castability, resistance to rubber wear and chemical stability.

4. Cupronickel: code "B".

Cupronickel is a copper-based alloy with nickel as the main added element, which is silvery-white and has a metallic luster, hence the name cupronickel. Copper and nickel can be infinitely solid solution with each other, thus forming a continuous solid solution, that is, regardless of the proportion of each other, it is always a single-phase alloy. When nickel is melted into red copper, the content exceeds 16%, and the resulting alloy color becomes white as silver, and the higher the nickel content, the whiter the color.

The nickel content in cupronickel is generally 25%.

5. Tin bronze: code name "QSN".

Bronze with tin as the main alloying element. The amount of tin-containing orange is generally between 3 and 14%, which is mainly used to make elastic elements and wear-resistant parts. Deformed tin bronze has no more than 8% tin content, and sometimes elements such as phosphorus, lead, zinc, etc. are added.

Phosphorus is a good oxygen absorber and also improves flowability and abrasion resistance. The addition of lead to tin bronze improves machinability and wear resistance, and the addition of zinc improves casting performance. This alloy has high mechanical properties, anti-friction properties and corrosion resistance, easy cutting processing, good brazing and welding properties, small shrinkage coefficient and non-magnetic.