Please give us a brief overview of the history of the scriptures and the study of the scriptures

The study of scriptures is the study of scriptures. In the narrow sense, it generally refers to the classics of the Han Dynasty; In a broad sense, the study of the scriptures refers to the study of the scriptures, regardless of the period. Then from this you can know,Broadly speaking, the study of scriptures is the study of scriptures

If you want to know what the scriptures mean, you must first know what the "scriptures" are.

Roughly speaking, the scope of the "Sutra" is from the Five Classics, the Seven Classics, the Nine Classics to the Thirteenth Classics. In Zhang Binglin's "On the Balance of National History", he said: "The world takes the 'scriptures' as the norm, the 'transmission' as the turn, and the 'theory' as the lun, all of which are later Confucianism, and it is not necessary to see its true nature."

From this, it can be seen that"Jing" refers to the Confucian classics, but also refers to large classics, because these large classics have been handed down through Confucian collation。Of course, except for Confucianism, all other schools have such classics, but the ones that are circulating now are all sorted out by Confucianism, and their content is different from that handed down by each family. Since the Han Dynasty, Confucianism has been dominant, so the classics passed down by Confucianism are called classics.

Then the study of scriptures can be said to be the study of large classics, and some people say that it is the study of Confucian classics and the interpretation of righteousness. As mentioned earlier, scholastics in a broad sense are not divided into eras, so scholastic studies generally refer to the study of sub-studies and historiography that conforms to the times. Before the Zhou Dynasty, the study of poetry, books, rituals and music was the prototype of scripture.

However, after the Han Dynasty exalted Confucianism, classics specifically referred to the study of Confucian classics. Later on, what was called the study of classics was the study, commentary, and play of the Confucian classics.

In fact, there is a distinction between ancient scriptures and modern scriptures, and this issue is also discussed on the Internet. But to put it simply, ancient scriptures are similar to ideological doctrines, while modern scriptures are closer to an ideology, and the two have two different meanings separately. I won't elaborate on it here.

As to what kind of books can be called scriptures, we can understand from what has been said above.

After more than 2,000 years of circulation, the spirit contained in the study has become a spirit deeply rooted in the hearts of the Chinese people, and it also has a great impact on our contemporary society.

Classics originally referred to the essence of the pre-Qin doctrines, but in the Han Dynasty of China, after the deposition of the hundred schools and the commendation of the "Six Classics", it specifically referred to the "Six Classics", including "Poems", "Books", "Rites", "Yi", "Music" and "Spring and Autumn". In ancient times, scriptures were encouraged and popularized by the imperial court, so books that can be regarded as authoritative and oriented can be called "scriptures".

Classics generally refer to the study of the essence of the doctrines of the pre-Qin schools, but in the Han Dynasty of China, the hundred schools were deposed and the "Six Classics" were commended.

The book that records the "common way" is called the sutra, and the common way is the common doctrine, the norm, and the rule of law.

"Sutra" is the beginning of weaving, and later extended to "Changdao", "Changdao" is "the doctrine of the common practice, the standard, the book that records this "common way", which was later called "Jing".

As a complete academic concept, scripture was first seen in the Book of the Former Han Dynasty.

a.Zhou Chong Yafu.

b.Ban Chao. c.Bangu.

d.Wei Qing. Correct answer: c

The Significance of the History of Classics to the Study of Ancient Chinese History:

Classics and historiography are two different disciplines, each with its own field, and each with its own research object, content, method, and purpose.

This article mainly focuses on the relationship between the two from the standpoint of historiography, and wants to explain the importance and necessity of classics for historiography, especially for the study of ancient Chinese history. Classics is the study of Confucian classics.

The Confucian classics are based on the six arts taught by Confucius, including the biographical commentaries and commentaries of later generations interpreting the six arts. The sutra is the opposite of the name of the legend. There is a preach and then there is a scripture, and so there is a son and then a father.

Zhang Xuecheng said:"It is the name of the people who are passed on by the scriptures, and it is the last resort of the situation, not the essence of it."

This statement is true. However, after the name of the scripture was created, because it was mostly an authoritative work, it took on a new meaning. The Naturalist Chronicles says:"The sages made the scriptures, and the sages wrote and passed them on. "

There is also truth to this statement. In the scriptures, the old"The Sixth"、"Pentateuch"、"Nine Classics"、"The Twelve Classics"、"The Thirteen Classics"。<>

The role of historiography in the research and development of ancient Chinese history:

The role of historiography in the world, the scientific role of history, and the scientific role of historiography are the two basic footholds on which it depends for its survival and development as a social science.

The history since the founding of the People's Republic of China shows that whenever the relationship between the two is well handled, the study of history tends to flourish. Otherwise, there will be setbacks or destruction. It can be seen that it is very important for the healthy development of historiography to correctly grasp the connotation and interrelationship between the two from the perspective of combining theory and practice.

The specific concept of modern literature and classics is: the school formed by the study of Confucian scriptures between the two Han Dynasty.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Dong Zhongshu's suggestion respected Confucianism, but at that time, after the war and turmoil, the classics of pre-Qin Confucianism were originally many and were only passed down orally by the master and apprentice father and son among the people. Rutian He passed on the Book of Changes, Fu Sheng passed on the Book of Books, Shen Pei passed on the Book of Songs, Gao Tangsheng passed on the Book of Rites, and the Ram and Gu Liang families passed on the Spring and Autumn Period. These Confucian classics were all compiled in the popular script of the time, the official script, so they were called "Jinwenjing", so the scriptures that were popular at that time were also called Jinwenjingxue.

The specific concept of ancient scriptures is the academic school of study of ancient scriptures. "Ancient Classics" is a concept opposed to "Modern Classics", which refers to the school of thought that uses Confucian scriptures before Qin Shi Huang unified China.

During the burning of books by the First Emperor, the folk Confucian scholars buried some ancient scriptures, and in the early Han Dynasty, they were found one after another, such as the ancient scriptures collected by the king of Hejian with a lot of money in the time of Emperor Jing, and the ancient scriptures found by King Lu Gong from the wall of Confucius's former residence during the time of Emperor Wu. The kings and others were successively presented to the imperial court and hidden in the secret mansion.

The two Han classics are divided into "modern scriptures" and "ancient scriptures". After the Qin fire war, most of the Confucian classics in the early Han Dynasty did not have the old pre-Qin classics. The modern Wenjing refers to the scriptures that were passed down orally by Confucian scholars in the early Han Dynasty and recorded in the popular official scripts of the time.

Ancient scriptures refer to the scriptures written in pre-Qin ancient scripts collected from the people in the early Han Dynasty or found in the walls of Confucius's former residence.

Introduction: Confucius (September 28, 551 B.C., April 11, 479 B.C., that is, the twenty-seventh day of the eighth month of the lunar calendar, the eleventh day of the second month of the lunar calendar), the name Qiu, the word Zhongni, Han nationality, the Spring and Autumn Period of the Lu State (now Nanxin Town, Qufu City, Shandong) people, the ancestors of the Song State (now Xiayi County, Shangqiu City, Henan) nobles.

Great thinker, great educator, great statesman in ancient China, and the founder of Confucianism.

The Book of Songs", "Book of Rites", "Book of Rites", "Zhou Yi" and "Spring and Autumn" are collectively known as the "Five Classics".

The Five Classics are the collective name of the five ancient classic books that Confucian friends used as the basis for their research, and they are all said to have been written or modified by Confucius, one of the founders of Confucianism.

Four Books and Five Classics (excerpts).

Qin Shi Huang "burned books and pit Confucianism", it is said that after Qin Huo, "Le Zhiyou Huai Jing" has been lost, and the Eastern Han Dynasty has added "Analects" and "Filial Piety Classics" on this basis, a total of seven classics; In the Tang Dynasty, "Zhou Li", "Rites", "Spring and Autumn Ram Biography", "Spring and Autumn Valley Liang Biography", "Erya", a total of 12 classics; In the Song Dynasty, "Mencius" was added, and later there was a Song carving "Commentary on the Thirteen Classics" handed down. The "Thirteen Classics" are the basic works of Confucian culture, as far as the traditional concept is concerned, "Yi", "Poems", "Books", "Rites", and "Spring and Autumn" are called "classics", "Zuo Chuan", "Ram Chuan", and "Gu Liang Chuan" belong to the "Biography" of the "Spring and Autumn Classics", "The Book of Rites", "The Book of Filial Piety", "Analects" and "Mencius" are all "records", and "Erya" is the exegetical work of the Han Dynasty scripture teachers. The later Pentateuch refers to:

Zhou Yi", "Shangshu", "Book of Songs", "Book of Rites", "Zuo Chuan".

The "Five Classics" refers to the five books of the Book of Songs, the Book of Songs, the Book of Rites, the Book of Changes, and the Spring and Autumn Period. The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of poetry in China, containing a total of 305 poems of the Zhou Dynasty. Originally called "poems" or "poems three hundred", Confucian scholars in the Han Dynasty began to call it "Book of Songs".

The existing "Book of Songs" was handed down by Mao Heng in the Han Dynasty, so it is also called "Mao Poems".

It is said that the poems in the "Book of Songs" were all lyrics that could be sung at that time. According to the nature of the music, it can be divided into wind, elegance and song. "Wind" includes Zhounan, Zhaonan, Shao Feng, Hu Feng, Wei Feng, Wang Feng, Qi Feng, Wei Feng, Tang Feng, Qin Feng, Chen Feng, Junifeng, Cao Feng, Feng Feng, Feng Feng, called the wind of the fifteen countries, most of which are folk songs of the Yellow River Valley, and a small part is the works processed by the aristocracy, a total of 160 pieces.

"Ya" includes small Ya and Da Ya, a total of 105 articles. "Ya" is basically the work of the aristocracy, and only part of Xiao Ya comes from the folk. "Ode" includes Zhou Song, Lu Song and Shang Song, a total of 40 articles.

Ode is a song used in the court for sacrifices. Generally speaking, the ballads from the folk are vivid and lively, while the poems of the court nobles are dwarfed and not very poetic. The Book of Songs is the source of Chinese rhyme and the glorious starting point of Chinese poetry history.

It takes many forms: epics, satirical poems, narrative poems, love songs, war songs, carols, festival songs, and labor ballads. It is rich in content and reflects all aspects of social life in the Zhou Dynasty, such as labor and love, war and conscription, oppression and resistance, customs and marriage, ancestor worship and banquets, and even celestial phenomena, landforms, animals, plants and other aspects.

It can be said that the Book of Songs is a mirror of the society of the Zhou Dynasty. The language of the Book of Songs is the most important source for the study of the Chinese language from the 11th century BC to the 6th century BC.