Ancient Egypt, Ancient Babylon, Ancient India

Ancient Babylon Euphrates Tigris Valley Cuneiform The earliest written code Code of Hammurabi.

The ancient Indian Indus Valley script is supposed to be the same as the ancient Babylonian caste system of Buddhism.

Ancient Egypt: The pharaoh was the arbiter in law, the movement of the sun god and the "afterlife theory" arose in religion, the germ of natural science and geometry appeared, the starry sky map appeared in astronomy, the earliest map appeared in geography, and the "mystical philosophy" involved all aspects of spiritual life (core: the cosmology of the unity of heaven and man and the life concept of the unity of life and death).

Ancient Babylon: The Code of Hammurabi in law, the trend of polytheism into monotheism, the actualization and humanization of religion (ancestor worship), the development of private ownership of slaves, the precursor of the Arabic counting method, the formation of the original primitive materialism and atheism, and the oral epic (natural law and social contradictions) glorifying the spirit of human resistance to theocracy.

Ancient India: The religious view of the deification of the forces of nature is that the people believe that the power of prayer is far greater than that of nature, and that the blessing and misfortune depend on the success of the Brahmin prayer. Gradually, the core of Indian philosophy was formed—Brahman and I, or the reincarnation and liberation of the soul, extreme materialism.

Internal and external factors) Buddhism gradually declined, and Brahmanical philosophy lost its competitors, so there was a rigid situation in the post-classical period. In the social sphere, it is manifested in the increasing strengthening of the caste system; In the realm of thought, it manifests itself in rigid dogmatism and frequent sectarian strife.

Ancient China: During the "Hundred Schools of Thought" or pre-Qin period, there were mainly three major schools (Confucianism, Taoism, and Mohistism), three small schools (Famous Schools, Legalists, and New Mohists) and other schools. During the Middle Ages (from the Northern and Southern Dynasties to the Ming Dynasty), Confucianism was ossified into a national cultural form, Taoism was reduced to a kind of alchemy and superstition, and the commentary and supplementation of the Book of Changes became popular.

Ancient Egypt, ancient Babylon, ancient India, and ancient China all had their own philosophical ideas. However, they did not form a philosophical system like the ancient Greeks, but had their own forms, in which Chinese philosophical ideas were expressed through literature.

At the very least, China's philosophical achievement is the simple philosophical idea that everything in Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching has an opposite.

The four ancient civilizations refer to ancient Babylon, ancient Egypt, ancient India, and ancient China, and refer to the four countries of present-day Iraq, Egypt, India, and China.

The four ancient civilizations actually correspond to the birthplaces of the world's four major civilizations, namely the two river basins, the Nile River basin, the Indus River basin, and the Yellow River basin, which were the earliest regions where the four large human civilizations were born, and the later Aegean civilization was not included.

The significance of the four ancient civilizations is not in the chronological order, but in the fact that they were the birthplaces of many later civilizations and had a great impact on the region in which they were located. The four major civilizations are the original civilizations, while the other civilizations belong to the derivative civilizations and are deeply influenced by the native civilizations of the neighboring regions.

Tianzhu, Dashi, Xie Tang and other titles.

In the history books of the Tang Dynasty, the names and names of people in ancient India, ancient Babylon, and ancient Egypt all had different Chinese transliterations. Here are some common transliterations: Ancient India:

Transliterated as "Tianzhu", "Magadha", "Parathiha" and so on. Ancient Babylon: transliterated as "Great Food", "Persia", "Western Regions", etc.

Ancient Egypt: transliterated as "Xie Tang", "Egypt", "Heli", etc.

During the Tang Dynasty, for countries, regions and ethnic groups outside of China, the titles and symbols in the history books were relatively complex, ranging from the transliteration of the corresponding Chinese word meanings to the symbols and letters that were completely different from the Chinese characters and Chinese vocabulary.

I'm also very interested in the comparison between ancient civilizations.,Although I watched the landlord ask a lot.,In fact, people who know don't know much.,To put it simply,Simple version:

Ancient Egypt: References to the Nilun Ura River water to grow rice, hieroglyphs, pyramids, to prevent corpses from decomposing, solar calendar, geometry.

Ancient China: 23 solar terms, oracle bone inscriptions, the Great Wall, "The Yellow Emperor's Neijing", "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic".

Ancient India: Cultivation of wheat, seal writing, Ballykhtishir Temple, Ayurveda, Arabic numerals (Indian numerals).

Ancient Babylon: less contribution to agriculture, cuneiform, hanging gardens, none of the contributions of medicine, lunar calendar, seven-day-one-week system.

Detailed version. In terms of writing, ancient Babylon is a world-famous epigraph, and ancient Egypt is a pictorial hieroglyph.

In ancient India, it was a seal script called the "Harabon" script.

The written records in China are the Shang Dynasty, the famous oracle bone inscriptions and Jin inscriptions.

Architecture of Ancient Egypt Pyramids, Sphinx.

Ancient Babylon Hanging Gardens.

Balihetishir Temple, India.

The Great Wall of China, the Mausoleum of the Qin Emperor, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses, and other wooden structures are basically not left.

Agriculture Ancient Egypt Irrigation of the Nile.

Ancient Babylon diversion canal irrigation.

Wheat was cultivated in ancient India.

China 24 solar terms.

Medicine Anatomical techniques represented by mummification techniques in ancient Egypt.

Babylon None.

Indian Ayānveda.

China, Chinese medicine.

Mathematics Ancient Egypt The world's earliest solar calendar, a few birds pure how to learn, pi.

Ancient Babylonian lunar calendar, seven-day-one-week system, timekeeping method.

Ancient Indian Arabic numerals.

Chinese Pythagorean theorem.

The first question: the earliest written record of Chinese history is the Xia Dynasty in 2070 BC, in fact, the origin of civilization can be traced back to the Yangshao culture 10,000 years ago, and historical experts believe that Chinese culture originated in the legendary era of three emperors and five emperors. The second question is that the Chinese civilization has always been inherited and has a long history, and it can be said that it is the oldest country in the world, because other civilizations have been interrupted.

The third question is ancient Egypt: 1. Predynastic period (the period of the combination of gold and stone, about 4500-3100 B.C.) 2. The early dynastic period (1-2 dynasties, about 3100-2680 B.C.) 3. The Old Kingdom period (3-6 dynasties, about 2686-2181 B.C.) 4. The first intermediate period (7-10 dynasties, about 2181-2040 B.C.) 5. The Middle Kingdom period (11-12 dynasties, about 2040-1786 B.C.) 6. Second Intermediate Period (13th-17th Dynasty, c. 1786-1567 B.C.) 7. New Kingdom Period (18th-20th Dynasty, c. 1567-1085 B.C.) 8. Postdynastic Period (21st-31st Dynasty, c. 1085-332 B.C.) 9. Macedonian Greeks and Romans (332 B.C.-642 A.D.) From the 1st to the 4th period, it was the period of the formation of slave states and the emergence of unified dynasties. Periods 5 to 7 were periods of the re-establishment of the unified kingdom and empire, while periods 8 to 9 were periods of decline and fall under foreign rule in Egypt. Ancient Egypt is supposed to be ancient India where the Roman Empire fell under Octavian:

It probably originated in 2300 BC and ended in 750 AD, and it is not a matter of annihilation, but the disappearance of civilization, and the ancient Indian civilization was replaced by Buddhist culture in ancient Babylon: it probably originated around 2200 BC, and in 539 BC, the rise of the Persians and the defeat of Babylon by Cyrus II probably ended in this period.

1. Ancient India: 2500-1500 BC.

The ancient civilization of India was only discovered in 1922. Since its ruins were first excavated in the Harappa region of India, it is often referred to as the "Harappa Culture"; And because such sites are mainly concentrated in the Indus Valley, they are also called the "Indus River Civilization". The Harappa culture dates from about 2300 BC to 1750 BC.

2. Ancient Egypt: 3100 B.C.-30 B.C.

Ancient Egypt was located in northeastern Africa (present-day Middle East), initially in the Nile Valley, until the height of its power, when it reached the territory of present-day Egypt. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Red Sea to the east, Nubia (present-day Ethiopia and Sudan) to the south, and Libya to the west. Geographically, Egypt is desert on both sides of the east and west, and there are several large dangerous shoals in the south, so it is very difficult to communicate with the outside world, and it is more convenient to travel with West Asia only through the Sinai Peninsula at the northeast end.

Therefore, ancient Egypt was relatively isolated.

3. Ancient Babylon: about 3500 B.C. and 729 B.C.

It is located in the plains of Mesopotamia, roughly within the territory of the present-day Republic of Iraq. Around 5,000 years ago, people here established a state, and by the 18th century BC, the ancient Babylonian kingdom had emerged here.

This encyclopedia has ah, ancient Egypt BC5100-BC30 years.

Ancient Babylon BC 1894-BC 539

Ancient India BC 2500-BC 1500.

Ancient Babylon: Euphrates and Tigris.

Ancient Egypt: Nile River.

Ancient China: Yangtze River and Yellow River.

Ancient India: Ganges.

Ancient Babylon: Originated in the Valley of the Two Rivers;

Ancient Egypt: originated in the Nile Valley;

Ancient India: originated in the Indus River and Ganges River basin;

China: Originated in the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins.