What are the causes of Africa s climate? What are the characteristics of Africa s climate?

The latitude affects the distribution of its climate, and the elevation of the terrain should affect its climate.

Climate types and causes of Africa's climate from north to south:

1. Mediterranean climate.

Located in North Africa. of the Mediterranean coast. The reason for the formation is that it is affected by the westerly wind belt all year round, and the summer is hot and rainy, and the winter is warm and rainy. (Cape of Good Hope, South Africa.)

There is also a small area with a Mediterranean climate, but this is not the cause of it. It's just that the temperature and precipitation patterns are similar to those of the Mediterranean climate, so they are included. ）

2. Tropical desert climate. The perennial control of the subtropical high has led to the formation of a tropical desert climate in most parts of North Africa. One of the Sahara Deserts.

It is the largest desert in the world.

3. Tropical rainforest climate.

The Congo Basin, located at the equator, is the main distribution area of Africa's tropical rainforest climate. The reason for the formation is that it is located at the equator and is hot all year round, and the updraft prevails, so it is hot and rainy, and the vegetation grows luxuriantly.

4 savannah climate.

The savannah climate is most widespread in Africa. It is alternately controlled by the tropical equatorial low pressure zone and the trade wind zone. When the equatorial low pressure zone is controlled, the equatorial air mass prevails, and the rainfall is concentrated. When the trade wind belt is controlled, tropical continental air masses prevail, and it is hot and dry.

The characteristics of the wet and dry seasons are obvious. This is also the fundamental reason why we often watch TV and say that the animals of the African savannah migrate to and fro.

5. Alpine climate. It is found in the regions of the East African plateau. The main reason for the formation is the influence of the terrain. The vegetation here is typical of the vertical zonality of mountains. It has high research and scientific research value.

The equator crosses the central part of the country, and the whole is a plateau continent, and the coastline is relatively straight.

The climatic characteristics of Africa are mainly tropical and symmetrical from the north to the south of the equator.

In terms of latitude distribution, Africa is almost symmetrical about the equator, between 35° north and south latitudes, and most of the whole African region is in the tropics, which is a tropical continent. In the vicinity of the equator, due to the perennial control of the equatorial low pressure zone, the prevailing updraft, high temperature and rain all year round, forming a tropical rainforest climate, the Congo Basin is a typical representative.

On the north and south sides of the tropical rainforest climate, due to the alternating control of the equatorial low pressure belt and the trade wind belt, the climate is characterized by high temperature all year round and obvious dry and wet seasons, forming a savannah climate.

Geography of Africa

Africa is located in the southwestern part of the Eastern Hemisphere, straddling the north and south of the equator, with parts of the northwest extending into the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean in the east, the Atlantic Ocean in the west, the Mediterranean Sea and the Strait of Gibraltar in the north, and the narrow Red Sea and the Suez Canal in the northeast.

The continent is bounded by Cape Haphon in the east (51°24 E, 10°27 N), Cape Agulhas in the south (20°02 E, 34°51 S), Cape Verde in the west (17°33 W, 14°45 N), and Cape Gilan (Cape Benseka) in the north (9°50 E, 37°21 N). About 30.2 million square kilometers (including nearby islands). It accounts for about the total land area of the world, second only to Asia, and is the second largest continent in the world.

Due to the equator traversing the equator in Africa, the distribution of its climate and climatic zones is symmetrical from north to south. It is characterized by dryness and high temperatures, and is known as the "tropical continent". The large area of hot and dry zones are the two main characteristics of Africa's climate.

Africa is between 37° north latitude and 35 ° south latitude, the equator just passes through the middle of the continent, most of the continent is in the tropics, the average annual temperature above 20 °C accounts for about 95% of the continent's area, more than half of which are hot all year round, and nearly half of the regions have hot and cool seasons.

Introduction to Africa:

Africa (English: Africa), the full name of Africa, is located in the western part of the Eastern Hemisphere, south of Europe, west of Asia, east of the Indian Ocean, west of the Atlantic Ocean, across the north and south of the equator, with an area of about 30.2 million square kilometers (land area), accounting for the world's total land area, is the world's second largest continent, but also the second largest continent in population (about 100 million).

The continent is east to Cape Haphon (51°24'e，10°27'n), south to Cape Agulhas (20°02'e，34°51's), west to Cape Verde (17°33'w，14°45'n), north to Cape Gilan (Cape Bensaika) (9°50'e，37°21'n）。

The climatic characteristics of Africa: high temperature, wide dry area, and obvious symmetrical distribution of climatic zones, known as the "tropical continent".

North Africa has a tropical desert climate, with annual precipitation of less than 200 mm. Sub-Saharan Africa has a predominantly savannah and rainforest climate, with most areas receiving more than 1,000 mm of precipitation.

Africa's climate patterns are distinctly banded and roughly symmetrical from north to south.

The natural features of north-south symmetry in Africa, in addition to their special latitudinal location, are also heavily influenced by geomorphological features. The landform of Africa is dominated by plateaus, with relatively small relative height and relatively flat, so that the distribution of climate is less disturbed by non-zonal factors.

Non-zonal phenomena in continental climatic zones:

The equatorial region of the East African Plateau has developed a savannah climate rather than a tropical rainforest climate, which is the result of topographic uplift.

The eastern slope of Madagascar Island is a humid tropical rainforest climate zone because it is located on the windward slope of the southeast trade wind and the warming and humidification effect of the Madagascar warm current. The west side is located on the leeward slope and has a savannah climate.

The Benguela cold current and the Canarian cold current have a cooling and dehumidifying effect on the climate of the coastal areas, and expand the distribution range of tropical desert climate in the corresponding regions.

The coast of the Somali peninsula is affected by dry northeasterly winds in winter and cold currents along the coast in summer, resulting in a desert climate with little precipitation.

Climatic characteristics of Africa: The climate of Africa can be mainly divided into desert climate zone, semi-desert climate zone, Mediterranean climate zone, tropical rainforest climate zone and tropical plain climate zone.

Among them, the desert climate zone is located in the Sahara Desert in North Africa, the Namibia Desert in Southwest Africa, the Kalahari Desert and other regions; The semi-desert climate zone is located on the outer side of the desert climate zone; The Mediterranean-type climate zone mainly includes Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia coastal areas and Cape South Africa provinces in North Africa. The tropical rainforest climate zone is mainly distributed in the Congo Basin; The tropical plain climate zone is mainly located on the edge of the rainforest climate zone.

Reasons for the formation of the climate in AfricaThe reasons for the formation of climate types in Africa are nothing more than the result of the combined effects of latitude factors, land and sea factors, topographic factors, ocean current factors, etc. The main reason for the east-west symmetry of this climate type is that the equator traverses central Africa, the latitude spanned by the north and south parts is roughly equal, and the pressure zone and wind zone spanned by Africa are also roughly symmetrical from north to south.

In addition, it is also related to the fact that the terrain is a plateau continent with little undulation, the lack of high mountain barriers, the small vertical change of climate, the distribution of temperature and precipitation in Africa does not change much, and the zonality is relatively obvious.

Africa has a tropical desert climateTropical and savannah climate, tropical rainforest climate.

Africa is known as the "tropical continent", and its climate is characterized by high temperature, little rainfall, and dryness, and the distribution of climate zones is symmetrical from north to south. The equator traverses**, and the temperature generally decreases from the equator with increasing latitude. The average annual temperature of the whole continent is above 20, accounting for about 95% of the total area of the whole continent, more than half of which are hot all year round, and nearly half of the regions have hot warm seasons and warm cool seasons.

Ethiopia Peb Jambia.

The average annual temperature in Dallol in the northeast is one of the highest in the world. Pedan.

Geomorphological features of Africa.

CoastlineThe total length of the mainland coastline is 30,500 kilometers. The coast is relatively straight, lacking bays and peninsulas. Africa has the lowest number of islands of any continent in the world. Except for the island of Madagascar.

the fourth largest island in the world, and most of the rest are small islands. The total area of the island is about 620,000 square kilometers.

It accounts for less than 3% of the total area of the continent. The African continent is wide in the north and narrow in the south, and has an unequal triangular shape.

The longest from north to south is about 8,000 kilometers, and the widest from east to west is about 7,500 kilometers. Africa is a plateau continent with relatively flat terrain and distinct mountain ranges limited to the northern and southern ends. The average altitude of the whole continent is 750 meters.

The plateau at an altitude of 500 to 1,000 metres above sea level occupies more than 60 per cent of the continent's area.

1. Climate: tropical rainforest climate, savannah climate, tropical desert climate, Mediterranean climate and alpine climate, showing obvious east-west celery coarse Qing distribution, and centered on the equator, with the characteristics of north-south symmetry and opposite seasons.

2. Causes: the result of the combined effect of latitude factors, sea and land factors, topographic factors, ocean current factors, etc.; Since the equator traverses central Africa, the latitude spanned by the north and south parts is roughly equal, and the pressure zone and wind belt spanned by Africa are also roughly symmetrical from north to south. In addition, it is also related to the fact that the terrain is a plateau continent with little undulation, the lack of high mountains, the vertical change of climate, the distribution of temperature and precipitation in Africa does not change much, and the zonality is relatively obvious.