What is a bat about bats?

The frequency of ultrasound emitted by bats ranges from 20 to 120 kilohertz. The frequency of ultrasound emitted by different species of bats is different and some are very similar, which is related to the size of the object they forage, so it is difficult to distinguish species by frequency. The ultrasound frequency of bats in Taiwan also varies greatly, and it is known that the ultrasound frequency of the small hoofed bat in Taiwan is the highest (about 115-120 kHz).

The ultrasound waves emitted by bats can be roughly divided into two types according to the rhythm of their frequency, the first type is the constant frequency CF type, and the other type is the FM type (frequency modulation). CF type sound waves are more monotonous and contain less information, mainly emitted by the nostrils of bats, and the direction of the emission is controlled through the nasal lobes, with a longer wavelength, about 13-25 milliseconds of rhythm, but at the end, it will be accompanied by FM sound waves; Generally speaking, leafnose bats and hoofnose bats belong to this type. As for the wavelength of FM, it is shorter, and can emit dozens of high-frequency changing sound wave fields in 1-5 milliseconds, and the sound is more complex, mostly emitted from the mouth, and this sound wave can quickly determine the direction, distance and characteristics of the target being sought.

Some bats can adjust the sound waves of both types according to the needs of the situation.

The ultrasound echolocation system of bats is very accurate, not only detecting the location, direction of movement, and speed of insects and other food, but also the size of insects, and even the detailed structure and changes of the surface of insects. How powerful is the supersound ability of bats? In other words, at what distance can ultrasound locate its prey?

Some species have been shown to be able to locate a ball with a diameter of 19 millicenti, which is calculated based on the size of the bat, which means that the bat can locate something as small as its own size16 at a distance of 5 meters. In fact, echolocation-dependent bats have distinctly prominent ears, and their shape is closely related to their size and the absorption and amplification of sound waves on the object. Usually, when bats are not close to their prey, the frequency of ultrasound is slower, but once they find and approach their prey, the frequency of ultrasound will increase to know the direction and position of the prey at any time until the prey is captured or the prey escapes.

Basically, the ultrasound waves used by bats when foraging can be divided into three stages, the first stage is called the search period, and the sound waves are spaced about 10 times per second; The second stage is imminent, and the rhythm of the sound waves in this stage is about 120-200 times per second, and the position and distance of the prey can be determined at this time. Finally, before the bat approaches half a meter of the prey it wants to capture, until the prey is captured or the prey escapes, the sound waves emitted at this time are very dense, which is called the termination period.

The bat is blind, and it uses ears instead of purpose. It produces ultrasound waves from the throat and emits them through the mouth and nostrils, echoes are received by the ears, and the brain can judge the size and shape of the reflection with great accuracy based on the signals.

The reason why bats can carry so many viruses is because it is a member of the transmission ring of rodents, and many plants rely on it to spread pollen, and the plant virus will mutate after carrying it and become a combination of viruses, mainly because it is a member of the transmission ring!

The length is that of a mammal, which spends time in a dark place during the day and comes out at night to find food.