How Ancient Readers Made a Living: Read Answers

Be an official, teach, be a master, and do business.

It's easy to understand. At that time, the society was very dark, the people wanted to live a good life, and Kong Yiji was proud of himself to be high-minded, lazy to eat, and the surroundings were indifferent and ruthless, so he was about to beg for food.

Sell calligraphy and paintings, and be a teacher to teach knowledge.

One of the translations of "The Ancients on Reading" is as follows:

A person who is gifted and intelligent and eager to learn is not ashamed to ask for advice from someone who is lower in status and less knowledgeable than himself.

To know is to know, not to know is not to know, and that is true wisdom.

Silently remember what you have learned, learn not to feel satisfied, teach people not to know tiredness.

I am not born with knowledge, but I am a person who loves ancient cultures and is diligent and agile in seeking knowledge.

Learning is like catching up with something, and I am always afraid that I will not be able to catch up, and I am afraid of being thrown off if I catch up.

I used to go all day without eating, staying up all night, thinking about problems, but it didn't help, I might as well study.

From the Analects, I understand that in addition to being diligent and attentive, reading should also be "unashamed to ask questions". Everyone has their own strengths, and by constantly learning from others, they will truly grow.

From Zhu Xi's words, I know the importance of concentrating on reading, and only by being single-minded can reading get twice the result with half the effort.

From Tsang Kwok-fan's words, I learned the importance of ambition, insight, and perseverance, which inspired me to have ambition, insight, and perseverance in my studies.

"The Ancients Talked About Reading Two Rules".

The full text is as follows:Yu taste is said to have three readings, which are the heart, the eyes, and the mouth. If the heart is not here, the eyes will not look carefully; The mind is not single-minded, but only wanders and recites, and can never remember, nor can it be remembered for a long time.

Among the three, the heart is the most urgent. When the heart is there, don't the eyes and mouth burn?

The full text is translated with a spine:I once said that reading should pay attention to the "three to", that is, when reading, we should pay attention, read carefully, and read. If the mind is not in the book, then the eye will not look closely; Since the heart and eyes are not focused on unity, but they are just read casually, then they must not be able to remember it, and even if they do, they will not remember it for long.

Of the three, the heart is the most important. If the mind is focused, will the eyes and mouth still be unfocused?

1. Zhuge Liang's "view its outline" reading calligraphy.

When Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Longzhong, Jingzhou, he was friends with Shi Guangyuan, Xu Shu, and Meng Gongwei in Yingzhou, and studied together. The other three.

Reading and learning are "proficient". Zhuge Liang's reading is different from all living beings, he did not get into the pile of books and memorize by rote, but read extensively.

Extract the essence.

2. Tao Yuanming's "Huiyi" calligraphy.

Tao Yuanming, a writer of the Jin Dynasty, once wrote in "The Biography of Mr. Wuliu": "Good reading, do not seek to understand, whenever you have a mind, you will happily forget to eat." ”

Tao Yuanming paid attention to the key points when reading, simplified and independent thinking.

3. Su Shi's "Enemy on All Sides" calligraphy method.

In his "Book of Wang Zhen", Su Shi introduced a reading method that he pioneered and practiced. He said: "Books are as rich as the sea, department stores.

There are all of them, and people's energy cannot be taken at the same time, but they can get what they want. Therefore, I wish the scholars to make one intention each time. It means books.

It's like swimming in the ocean. Human energy cannot be collected and seen in full. As long as you can get the books you want.

Fourth, Zheng Banqiao's "fine" calligraphy.

The "refinement" in the Qing Dynasty calligrapher and painter Zheng Banqiao's "refinement" calligraphy method is to have a choice in reading, choose good books, and read fine products; "Please.

"When" is just right, to suit your level and work needs.

The general purpose of reading for the ancients is not much different from that of modern people, first of all, to recognize words, to seek knowledge, to seek knowledge, to learn the principles of being a man and doing things, and then to learn and excel, that is, to gain fame and fame, and to realize their ambitions;

The Book of Rites and the University", which is regulated as: self-cultivation and family leveling the world;

The great Confucian Zhang Zai also has four famous sayings: establish a heart for heaven and earth, establish a life for the people, continue to learn for the saints, and open peace for all generations.

These four sentences of Zhang Zai are summarized by the contemporary philosopher Feng Youlan as "four sentences of Hengqu". "Four sentences of Hengqu" contains the following meanings:

1. "Establish a heart for heaven and earth" is to enable people to be born with the heart of a benevolent person who loves and helps all people, and the heart of a saint who is a great duke. In fact, compassion is the heart of forbearance, that is, Confucius's "do not do to others what you do not want to be done to yourself", which is the starting point of benevolence. Mr. Ma Yifu concluded:

The matter of a scholar should not be to seek benevolence in the knowledge of benevolence, good benevolence and evil are not benevolent, but to be able to do this is to establish a heart for heaven and earth. ”

If you know its nature, you will know the sky. Keep its heart and nurture its nature, so everything is also good. Life expectancy is the same, self-cultivation is in order to take care of it, so it is also life-threatening.

Through self-cultivation and teaching, if one can finally achieve such a state, that is, no matter how long or short a person's life expectancy is, he can maintain his own sexual and physical integrity, then this individual can be said to have settled down. Zhang Zai's "life for the people" is actually "life for the people" to "establish a life", and its life lies in teaching, and "cultivation is teaching", which is also said.

3. "To go to the saints and continue to learn", so those who "go to the saints" are the ancestors of Confucius and Mencius; Those who are "unlearned" are also the Taoist scholars promoted by Confucius and Mencius. As far as Confucianism is concerned, Confucius is certainly the master of the collection, while the Lian, Luo, Guan, and Min masters of the Song Dynasty have expanded Confucianism to a new stage. The only person who can really explain the way of inheriting the Confucian and Mencian Confucianism is Song Confucianism.

4. "Open peace for all generations" expresses the eternal political ideal of Confucianism and Song Confucianism. "Open" is the word of expectation. "Open peace for all generations", realize the cultural ideal described in Zhang Zai's "Ximing", and let the people and things be reconciled, and all the people can return to the spiritual home of human beings who are confused and ignorant.