China s comprehensive national strength 10, China s comprehensive national strength

Ranked second in the world.

With a huge economic aggregate (676708 billion yuan, 2015), it is the world's largest industrial power, the world's largest population country, the world's second economic power, the world's second human resources power, the world's second sports power, the world's third military power, and the world's seventh science and technology and education power. Huge military power and huge world influence, with nuclear **.

China's military ** is used to defend the interests of the people and territorial integrity of the country. The level of science and technology, management, and technology of the military industry are at a high level. Abundant natural resources, large territorial depth, great international influence, huge development potential and strong military strength, good national image, good national quality, advanced military scientific research level and military equipment, good national military training, developed energy conservation and environmental protection technology, the world's second human resources power, population problem is also the main problem of our country, per capita GDP

$6,877 (2014), from developed countries.

It's still far away. Economic power: China has the world's second largest economy and a sound and independent industrial system. It is the world's largest manufacturer of goods.

Copied from the world's second largest economic strength, the first among the major countries with economic development potential, the economic health is average, and the gap between the rich and the poor is large.

The scientific and technological strength ranks third or fourth in the world, the number of technical personnel is the first, the technical level is 9 or 10, the scientific research ability is average, the investment in scientific research is average, the growth is fast, and the contribution rate of science and technology to economic growth is still at a low level.

The manufacturing industry ranks first in the world, the production capacity is the second in the world (second to the United States), and the export is the first in the world, and the industrial chain level is in the middle and lower reaches.

The level of intellectual property protection is low, but the number of patents is large and the growth is relatively fast.

The level of investment in education is average, which is higher in developing countries, but second to most developed countries.

Soft power (national image and international prestige, international relations, affinity, cultural export ability, geopolitical impression of neighboring countries) is low.

It is worth noting that in terms of conventional military strength, China has always claimed to be inferior to Russia, while the international community is generally considered to be on par with Russia.

Under the Philippines, you don't dare to go head-to-head with others.

I think it's okay, but it's still an outsider.

The comprehensive strength of a country includes economic resources, human capital, natural resources, capital resources, capital technology, national defense and military, national resources, international resources and other dominant hard power and soft power such as national cohesion, the degree to which culture is generally recognized, and the degree of participation in international institutions.

Soft power includes political power (the ability to mobilize both domestically and internationally), cultural power (resource power, which refers to the influence generated by the precipitation of history, and the degree to which specific values and behaviors are agreed upon), and diplomatic power (the degree to which relations between countries and foreign citizens recognize their own pairs).

The role of comprehensive national strength:

1. Culture is an important factor in constituting comprehensive national strength.

1. International competition is a competition of comprehensive national strength. Comprehensive national strength includes not only hard power such as economy and military, but also soft power such as politics and culture, and its Chinese language is one of the elements of comprehensive national strength, and its position and role in the competition of comprehensive national strength are becoming more and more important.

2. As a kind of soft power and spiritual power, comprehensive national strength is directly related to a country's international influence, international competitiveness and international status. In today's world, the status and role of culture in the competition of comprehensive national strength are more prominent.

3. As a product and service and a material force, comprehensive national strength is also related to a country's international influence, international competitiveness and international status. Cultural products and services carry a country's cultural concepts, cultural values and cultural pursuits, and reflect a country's cultural soft power. Therefore, promoting more cultural products and services in China to go out also plays an important role in continuously expanding the international influence of Chinese culture and enhancing the country's cultural soft power.

Public finance expenditure, also known as public finance expenditure, refers to the payment of financial funds to provide public goods and services and meet the common needs of society under the conditions of market economy. Fiscal expenditure is the redistribution of fiscal funds in order to achieve its functions, and belongs to the second stage of fiscal fund allocation. Only when the state's concentrated fiscal revenues are used in an overall manner in accordance with the administrative and social undertakings plan and the needs of national economic development can the state's concentrated fiscal revenues provide a financial guarantee for the state to fulfill its various functions.

You think about spending on improving public infrastructure or on cash flow. (1) According to the nature of the economy, fiscal expenditure is divided into productive expenditure and non-productive expenditure. Productive expenditure refers to the expenditure directly related to social material production, such as expenditure on supporting rural production, expenditure on agricultural sector, expenditure on tapping potential and transformation of enterprises, etc., and non-productive expenditure refers to expenditure that is not directly related to social material production, such as national defense expenditure, armed police force expenditure, cultural, educational and health expenditure, pension and social welfare relief expenditure.

Fiscal Expenditure According to the economic nature of fiscal expenditure, that is, according to whether fiscal expenditure can be directly compensated for equivalent compensation, fiscal expenditure can be divided into purchasing expenditure and transfer expenditure. Purchasing expenditure, also known as consumable expenditure, refers to the purchase of goods and services, including the purchase of various goods and services required for daily government activities or investment, that is, composed of social consumption expenditure and financial investment expenditure. It is political.

The basic connotation of a country's comprehensive national strength is the dominant hard power such as economic resources, human capital, natural resources, capital resources, capital technology, national defense and military, national defense resources, and international resources, as well as soft power such as national cohesion, the degree to which culture is universally recognized, and the degree of participation in international institutions.

Soft power includes political power (the ability to mobilize both domestically and internationally), cultural power (resource power, which refers to the influence generated by the precipitation of history, and the degree to which specific values and behaviors are agreed upon), and diplomatic power (the degree to which relations between countries and foreign citizens recognize their own pairs).

Comprehensive national strength is the most important indicator to measure a country's basic national conditions and basic resources, and it is also a comprehensive indicator to measure a country's economic, political, military, cultural, scientific, technological, educational, human resources, and other strengths.

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Analysis: National power is the most important indicator to measure a country's basic national conditions and basic resources, and it is also a comprehensive index to measure a country's economic, political, military and technological strength. There is no unified definition and calculation method for how to define and measure a country's comprehensive national strength or strategic resources.

Ashley Tellis et al (2000) defines national power as the product of the interaction of two components, that is, a country has the ability to grasp the cycle of economic innovation at a given time, and uses this control to form an effective military capability, which in turn creates a stable political environment that reinforces existing economic advantages and also provides the basic conditions for maintaining the country's strategic advantage and benefiting from the international system. In a nutshell, comprehensive national strength can be simply defined as a country's comprehensive ability to pursue its strategic goals through purposeful actions. We define national strategic resources as the actual and potential key resources that a country can use to achieve its national strategic goals, which reflect a country's ability to use various resources on a global scale, and also reflect the country's comprehensive national strength.

International relations scholar Kenh Waltz (1979) defines power as the distribution of capabilities. In fact, comprehensive national strength is the distribution and combination of national strategic resources, which are mobilized and used to achieve a country's strategic goals. The so-called comprehensive national strength generally refers to the sum of various national strategic resources; National strategic resources generally refer to a certain type of strategic resources.

Comprehensive pure national strength is also called national strength and national strength. It is the main indicator for measuring the country's economic, political, scientific, technological, cultural, and other aspects of development, and it has very important strategic value for the country.

Its strategic value to the country is as follows:

1) It is a measure of the status of state actors in the international community.

2) Comprehensive national strength is the main means by which a country pursues its foreign policy and influences the world economy and politics.

3) Comprehensive national strength is also an important basis for the state to designate foreign policies and national strategies.

Extended information: 1. The most important criterion for measuring a country's comprehensive national strength:

1. Comprehensive national strength is a complex of organic correlation and interaction of a country's political, economic, military, cultural, scientific and technological, educational, talent, diplomatic and other elements, which is generally divided into eight resources: economic resources, human capital, natural resources, capital resources, capital technology, national defense and military, national resources, and international resources.

2. In the economic field, it is mainly manifested in 21 industry sectors: retail, oil and gas, energy and utilities, automobiles, auto parts and tires, technology, telecommunications and entertainment, insurance, banking, health care, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, mining, metal products, industrial and agricultural machinery and electrical equipment, aerospace and defense, engineering and construction, ** and diversification, FMCG, postal and logistics, railways and aviation, etc.

2. The factors that determine the overall national strength are mainly as follows (in order of importance):

1. Economic strength. 100 out of 100 points. Total GDP Quality coefficient Historical accumulation coefficient.

2. Military strength. 60 out of 60 points.

3. Scientific and technological strength. 40 out of 40 points. Natural Index Historical accumulation coefficient.

4. Human resources, out of 40 points. Number of population Years of schooling per capita Other population quality coefficients (ethnic homogeneity, degree of aging, etc.).

5. Changzheng natural resources, full score of 20 points. Land area Quality factor. 6. Political influence. 20 out of 20 points.

7. Cultural influence. 20 out of 20 points.

1 The so-called comprehensive national strength refers to the combined force of all the strength and international influence of a sovereign state for its survival and development.

2 Among the various factors of comprehensive national strength, economic power and scientific and technological strength have become the decisive factors. In today's and tomorrow's world, the economy is the foundation and technology is the leader. Therefore, the development of the economy and science and technology is the issue of greatest concern to all countries in the world, and the competition between countries is increasingly shifting to the economic and scientific and technological fields.

3 Whether or not a country can gain an advantage in scientific and technological development and enhance its comprehensive national strength based on economy and science and technology will ultimately determine its international status. Because of this, all countries in the world, regardless of their social system and degree of development, have focused their main energies on their own countries, regarded the development of the economy and science and technology as their strategic priorities, and worked hard to enhance their comprehensive national strength, in an effort to occupy an important position in the future world pattern.