How to identify productive and respirable dusts

Production dust refers to the solid particles that can be suspended in the air for a long time, production dust is the dust formed in the production process, if the production dust is not controlled, it will not only damage the working environment, damage machinery and equipment, endanger the health of workers, but also pollute the atmospheric environment. The Kunshan ** incident is a typical safety production accident caused by production dust. Combustible dust suspended in the air, also known as ** dust.

This kind of dust reaches the lower limit, and will burn instantaneously after encountering the fire source, and the high temperature causes the mixed gas produced in the limited space to expand rapidly and the pressure increases, which is the dust. What's more terrifying is that dust generally occurs in a relatively confined space, the heat and high-pressure gas generated by the dust cause a chain reaction, as long as the dust particles arrive in the space, a large amount of heat and pressure waves may occur instantaneously, resulting in extremely serious consequences.

Particulate matter with a particle size of less than 5 m that can enter the alveolar area of the human body. It is the one that causes pneumoconiosis. The deposition of dust particles in the respiratory system is divided into three areas, namely the upper respiratory tract area (including the nose, mouth, pharynx and larynx); tracheal, bronchial area; Alveolar area (including ciliated bronchioles, alveolar tubes, alveolar duct entrance, alveoli, and alveolar sacs).

It is generally believed that most of the dust particles with an aerodynamic diameter of more than 10 m are deposited in the nasopharynx, and below 10 m can enter the deep part of the respiratory tract, and the minimum particle size deposited in the upper respiratory tract is about 1 m. Most of the dust deposited in the alveoli is less than 5 m, and there are more dust particles below 2 m, and the upper particle size is about 10 m, but the fiber particles are slightly different, 200 m long, and about 1 of the fibers with a diameter of 1 m settle in the lungs.

There are dust measuring instruments.

Generally, the total dust in the air is measured per unit of time. For dust below 7 microns and 5 microns or less, 50% of each value is taken and combined into the respirable dust concentration. Because dust below 7 microns can be inhaled directly into the lungs.

Long-term inhalation is divided into predisposition to pneumoconiosis.

It is recommended that all employees working in the dust environment must do a good job of respiratory protection.

The scientific selection of dust masks helps to prevent the occurrence of pneumoconiosis.

The way to clean the dust: now masks must implement the GB2626-2006 standard. The grades of dust masks are divided into three grades: KN100, KN95, and KN90. Among them, KN100 can achieve nearly 100% (more) protection effect against ultrafine dust.

The protective effect of dust masks depends on 2 aspects. One is the filtration efficiency of the filter cotton. The second is how tightly the mask is combined with the face.

Therefore, masks must be divided into large and small sizes, and the fit effect of masks and faces varies from person to person.

The way to clean dust: the scientific selection of dust masks certified by GB2626-2006 standards can help prevent lung damage.

1. Choose a duplex half mask type. Disposable masks are not suitable for long-term protection due to their high air leakage rate. Although the unit price is high, it is economical to use because it can be reused.

2. Choose KN100 dustproof filter cotton for use. A low rate of protection will lead to physical injury.

3. It is more comfortable to choose silicone material. It is suitable for long-term wear and is not easy to cause allergic reactions. Masks with high rigidity are prone to facial indentation.

4. Masks are divided into large and small sizes, which is extremely important. Don't buy masks that are called generic models. Prone to air leakage.

5. There are two types of masks that cover the mouth and nose, covering the mouth, nose and chin, and it is recommended to use the latter, which is relatively comfortable.

6. It is recommended to choose a breathing mask. Some masks are designed with double filters, and the filters are double-sided, so that the masks are relatively easy to breathe.

Domestic KN100 dust masks have good protective effect, effectively improve work efficiency, and the comprehensive cost is about 1 yuan per day.

1. Impact on the respiratory system: The greatest impact of dust on the body is the damage to the respiratory system, including lung diseases such as pneumoconiosis, pneumosis, upper respiratory tract inflammation, pulmonary granuloma and lung cancer;

2. Local effect: dust acts on the mucosa of the respiratory tract and can cause inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. **Long-term exposure to dust can lead to obstructive sebaceitis, acne, folliculitis, pyoderma. Metal dust can also cause corneal damage and turbidity; Asphalt dust can cause photosensitive dermatitis;

3. Systemic poisoning. Dust containing soluble toxic substances, such as lead, arsenic, etc., can be quickly dissolved and absorbed in the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, resulting in systemic poisoning and acute poisoning symptoms of corresponding poisons.

Protection against productive dust:

1. Cut off the way for dust to enter the respiratory system. According to the different nature of dust, different types of dust masks, respirators, and some toxic dust should also be equipped with gas masks;

2. It is to block the contact of dust to **. Wear work clothes correctly, and some also need to wear overalls, hooded work clothes, helmets, glasses, etc.;

3. It is forbidden to eat, smoke, drink and drink at the dust operation site.

Legal basisArticle 338 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China.

Crime of polluting the environment] Whoever violates state regulations by discharging, dumping, or disposing of radioactive waste, waste containing infectious disease pathogens, toxic substances, or other harmful substances, seriously polluting the environment, is to be sentenced to up to three years imprisonment or short-term detention and/or a fine; where the consequences are especially serious, a sentence of between three and seven years imprisonment and a concurrent fine is to be given.

1.According to the nature of production dust, it can be divided into the following three categories.

1) Inorganic dust

1.Metallic dusts such as aluminum, iron, tin, lead, manganese and other metals and compound dusts.

2.Non-metallic mineral dusts such as quartz, asbestos, talc, coal, etc.

3.Artificial inorganic dust such as cement, fiberglass, emery, etc.

2) Organic dust

1.Plant-based dusts such as wood dust, tobacco, cotton, hemp, grain, tea, sugar cane, etc.

2.Animal dusts such as animal hair, feathers, horn powder, bone dust, etc.

3) Synthetic material dust

It is mainly seen in the processing of plastics. In addition to polymers, plastics also contain fillers, plasticizers, stabilizers, pigments and other additives.

2 Classification by dust.

1) Dust: solid dispersed aerosol, solid materials formed by mechanical impact, grinding and rolling, with a particle size, most of which are.

2) Mist: Dispersible aerosols, which are solution particles formed by evaporation, condensation or impact, and when the particle size is about or so.

3) Smoke: solid cohesive aerosols, including: oxidation particles or sublimation condensation products produced during metal smelting, smoke produced during combustion, with a particle size of < 1 m, of which more particles are.

3 Classification according to the production process that produces dust.

1) Disposable soot: smoke and dust directly discharged from the smoke and dust source;

2) Secondary soot: the soot emitted by failing to completely remove it after a collection, and the corresponding various moving and scattered soot points.

4. Classification according to the physical properties of dust.

1) Hygroscopic dust, non-hygroscopic dust;

2) Non-sticky dust, micro-sticky dust, medium sticky dust, strong sticky dust;

3) Combustible dust, non-combustible dust;

4) ** sexual dust, non-** dust;

5) High specific resistance dust, general specific resistance dust, conductive dust;

6) Soluble dust, insoluble dust;

5 Classification according to the mechanism of dust harm to human body.

1) Silica dust: 2) Asbestos dust:

3) Radioactive dust:

4) Toxic dust:

5) General non-toxic dust:

1) Solid materials are formed by mechanical impact, grinding and rolling, and are dispersed by air flow and suspended in the air.

2) The vapor produced when the substance is heated condenses in the air or is oxidized to form soot.

3) incomplete combustion of organic matter, the formation of smoke.

Yili energy-saving YK filter cartridge dust purifier has a purification efficiency that can be achieved.

Production dust refers to solid particles that are formed during production and can be suspended in the air for a long time.

The harmful factors generated in the production process are as follows:

1. Flammable and explosive: For example, the dust in the flour mill should be avoided in the production process.

2. Toxic corrosion: It refers to substances that are toxic and harmful to the body, such as concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid and other chemicals.

3. Illegal operation: employees do not abide by the rules and regulations, do not use machinery and equipment in accordance with the prescribed methods, and do not set up necessary signals and signs.

4. Cause the safety protection device to fail: remove or remove the safety device without authorization, so that the safety device does not work or the safety device is adjusted incorrectly.

5. The maintenance of production equipment is not in place: the maintenance of production equipment is not in place, which can easily lead to the aging and failure of the machine, which has great potential safety hazards.

Chemical factors. Toxic substances can occur in many forms (solids, liquids, gaseous slags, vapors, dust, smoke or fog) and in various forms (raw materials, intermediate products, auxiliary materials, finished products, by-products, waste, etc.). Most toxic substances can be inhaled through the respiratory tract, some can enter the body through **, and a small part is ingested from the digestive tract.

Physical factors. Abnormal meteorological conditions, such as the release of a large amount of heat and water vapor during the production process, resulting in a high temperature and high humidity environment; Abnormal air pressure, such as high and low air pressure caused by latent culverts and alpine operating environments; Medicine|Education|network collection and sorting noise, vibration; Ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation, X-rays and ultraviolet, infrared, microwave and lasers.

Biological factors. Such as anthrax bacillus attached to animal fur, mold on bagasse, etc. All of the above-mentioned undesirable factors can cause occupational hazards to workers under certain conditions.

Chemical contaminants are a common harmful factor in the production process. For example, some industrial raw materials and chemicals can be harmful to the environment and human health if not properly handled and managed. Therefore, some measures should be taken, such as strengthening wastewater treatment, strictly controlling exhaust emissions, and improving workers' awareness of protection, to reduce the impact of chemical pollutants.

Noise is also a common harmful factor. For example, the sound of machines running in factories and traffic noise can have a negative impact on the health and psychology of workers. Therefore, some measures should be taken, such as installing sound insulation equipment, improving workers' awareness of protection, and rationally distributing working hours, etc., to reduce the impact of noise.