Builder related questions? Problems that are prone to arise in building construction

Construction is more money than working in the factory, the minimum of 60 yuan a day for steel workers, and the minimum for large workers is 80 yuan a day, and the contractor is more profitable, mainly because you have mastered a technology yourself, and you can eat wherever you go in the future.

Now I'm going to ask you a few questions:

1. Don't think about saving each other on national statutory holidays, the daily working hours are determined according to the day, generally 9-10 hours, and overtime, but there is overtime pay.

2. The salary is rarely paid every month, generally 300-400 living expenses are given every month, and the remaining money is paid quarterly or after the project is settled. It's uncertain whether you can get your salary, but there are not too many such cases, and the state controls it very strictly, so you have to find a better contractor.

3. The living conditions are relatively difficult, whether it is accommodation, food, or working environment.

4. The wages of various types of work are different from place to place, generally 60 yuan a day for small workers and 90 yuan a day for large workers. Contractors are more profitable, generally 100 yuan.

5. I am optimistic about carpentry, the salary of carpentry is relatively high, but the technical work.

6. The working environment of the construction site is more dangerous, and you should pay attention to falling from high altitudes and falling objects, so you must wear a safety helmet. No matter whose fault it is in the event of an accident, as long as you are not going to jump off the building, the construction unit will be responsible for the claim.

7. Because you are working with a contractor, the contract is not sound, and the situation is different in different places.

The working hours are uncertain, usually longer in the summer, at the latest in the morning at 7 o'clock and sometimes in the evening.

Living in a simple house, the conditions are not good, the construction site work is paid on a daily basis, and there is no money for rest.

First of all, I'm in architecture, and I'm honored to have your question.

1. The construction unit usually has to work for hours every day, and the same is true for the reinforcing steel workers, but it depends on the construction period, and it will be very busy when laying the foundation and starting the main body, and the other time will generally let you get off work after 8 hours. On the construction site, I usually have a break of about two or three days a month, and I have to discuss the rest with others.

2. Whether to pay wages depends on how the boss is, usually around the 10th of each month is when workers pay wages, and the year-end bonus depends on your performance, and there will be a year-end bonus if you do a good job.

3. The living conditions on the construction site, in one word: bitter. It is very inconvenient to use water and electricity for daily life, and it is exposed to the wind and sun in summer and suffers from severe winter in winter.

4. Because I don't know that you are **, I can't determine your salary, and the rebar workers are about 3k a month in our place.

5. Technicians and budgeters have a better future, one can be a project manager in the future, and the other can become a cost engineer.

6. When the safety issue arrives at the construction site, the company will help you explain it very clearly. Generally, the company will provide you with work-related injury insurance, which is naturally out of the company.

7. The contract is naturally signed, and there is generally an internship period of three months, and then at least one year.

I've explained everything to you, so let's give it a point.

The following are the reasons for the phenomenon of quality problems in reinforced concrete engineering: structural surface damage, lack of flutes and corners. The reason is: the surface of the formwork is not coated with separator, the surface of the formwork is not cleaned, and concrete is glued.

The surface of the template is uneven, warped and deformed; Poor vibration, not compacted corners; The demoulding time is too early, and the concrete strength is not enough; The mold removal is not standardized. impact and knock, pry hard, damage the horns; After the mold is removed, the structure is collided, etc. Hemp surface, honeycomb, exposed tendons, holes, and the inside is not dense.

The reasons are: the seam of the template is not strict, and the slurry runs out of the seam of the plate; The template is not coated with a release agent; The surface of the formwork is not cleaned; The vibration is not compact, and the vibration leaks; Improper design of concrete mix ratio or incorrect on-site measurement; The concrete is unevenly mixed and the workability is not good. Too much material at one time, no layered tamping.

The cushion block is not placed in the bed mold, or the cushion block falls off, causing the steel bar to adhere to the formwork; Pry the concrete protective layer when removing the formwork; At the reinforced concrete node, due to the dense reinforcement, the stone particle size of the concrete is too large, the pouring is difficult, and the vibration is not careful; 11. The bottom of the reserved hole is blocked by a template, and the vibration is not good. In the joints and construction joints of beams, plates, walls, columns and other structures, rotten roots, rotten necks, and rotten stomachs are generated. The reasons for this are:

The position of the construction joint is not properly left and is not good to vibrate; After the formwork is installed, the fork is not cleaned; The old concrete surface of the construction joint is not treated, or the treatment is improper, forming a cold joint; The seam of the template is not tight, and the slurry is run. Cracks occur in the structure. The reasons for this are:

The formwork and its support are not firm, resulting in deformation or local settlement; Improper mold removal, causing cracking; Cracks caused by poor maintenance; The workability of concrete is not good, and delamination occurs after pouring, resulting in cracks; Large areas of cast-in-place concrete produce cracks due to shrinkage temperatures. concrete frost damage; The reason is: after the concrete is solidified, it is frozen when it has not yet achieved sufficient strength, resulting in expansion and cracking; The concrete has poor compactness, many and large pores, and when the air temperature drops to negative temperature after water absorption, the water becomes ice, and the volume expands, so that the concrete is destroyed; The frost resistance of concrete does not meet the design requirements, resulting in damage.

The fullness of masonry mortar does not meet the requirements of the specification, and the concrete appears honeycomb surface; The walls are sloping; cracks and sand on the ground of concrete floors; The plastering layer of the wall is cracked and bulging;

There are two problems in construction: the first is progress and the second is safety

Running rice means 'extending the meter', and sometimes some components of the building itself that are not designed to form a straight line straighten the length of the straight line.

Answer: Roof leakage; leakage of external walls; leakage of doors and windows; Leakage from the floor (kitchen, bathroom, balcony); hollow cracks in the wall; cracks in cast-in-situ reinforced concrete slabs; Sand on the ground, sand walking, etc.

1. Lintels are mainly used for door and window openings and reserved openings, and the force is generally small, so the steel bars and concrete will not be used too much (the steel bars are generally used below 12, and the concrete is generally C20); 2. The ring beam is mainly used for brick and concrete structure, mainly to increase the rigidity of the house space, enhance the integrity of the building, improve the shear and tensile strength of the masonry, and prevent the damage to the house due to uneven settlement of the foundation, ** or other large vibration loads, the general height of the ring beam is 100mm, the reinforcement will not be very large, and the concrete strength is equal to the strength of the floor slab; 3. The definition of rectangular beam is relatively large, because as long as the cross-section is rectangular, it can be called a rectangular beam, including lintel beams, ring beams, frame beams, frame support beams, connecting beams, beams, cantilever beams, etc., rectangular beams are a general concept, which cannot be compared;

Conclusion: The lintel should be higher than the ring beam in terms of unit price, mainly from the difficulty of the construction process and the material cost.

Second, this is a variety of processes generated, 1, steel producers 10 (including 10) are a plate of a plate, a plate of about 2t, and more than 10 are straight, and the general producer of materials is limited to 9m, individual factories have 12m,; 2, below 10 is mainly used for stirrups, structural reinforcement, and generally stressed ribs are greater than 10, so when the material below 10 wants to be adjusted how long, and more than 10 will have lap and wrong head, it is impossible to avoid waste; 3. The general engineering is mainly used for structural reinforcement, stirrups, etc., and the main stressed reinforcement is generally used more than 10, and the stressed reinforcement is several times more than the structural reinforcement;

3. The difference between masonry mortar and plastering mortar, 1. Masonry mortar is mainly used for wall masonry, connecting the masonry into a whole, and there are strength requirements such as M5, plastering mortar is mainly used for plastering decoration, mainly modifying the flatness and verticality of the wall, mainly using the mix ratio to distinguish, such as the interior wall mortar using 1:1:3;2. The materials used in the two kinds of mortar are different, the masonry mortar is mainly used in medium and coarse sand, the plastering mortar is mainly used in medium and fine sand, and the masonry mortar can be appropriately mixed with some admixtures, such as the mortar king, and the plastering mortar is prohibited in many areas to be mixed with these things, so as to avoid the mortar without strength; 3. If the unit price has to be compared, the masonry mortar requires high strength, and the cement is also more, so the unit price should be slightly higher.

The above is a personal opinion and is not based on any other basis.

1. The contact area of the concrete formwork; 2. The unit price of the formwork support system; 3. The unit price is different due to different concrete strength and mixing methods;

4. Different concrete vibration methods and pouring methods affect different costs

If the force experienced by the column is an eccentric force that deviates from the axis, then the column will produce eccentric tension in addition to compression. For example: side posts of a frame structure.

This is the result of static analysis. If you are subjected to a horizontal force, the analysis of the force on the column becomes more complicated.

When an eccentric force nc or nt with an eccentricity of e0 is subjected to an eccentric force on the cross-section of the member, the member is an eccentric stress member. If the cross-section of the member is subjected to both the axial force nc and the bending moment m, it can be regarded as an eccentric stress member with an eccentricity of e0=m nc and an eccentricity of nc. Eccentric stress members include eccentric compression members and eccentric tension members.

Eccentric compression members are divided into large bias and small bias. In the state of large eccentric compression, the stress of the reinforcement on the side away from the axial force first reaches the yield strength, and then the concrete near the side of the axial force is crushed, resulting in the failure of the component. At this time, the stress distribution and failure mode of the cross-section are similar to those of the double-reinforced cross-section of the well-reinforced beam in the flexural member, and the cross-section force analysis can be similar to that of the flexural member.

In the state of small eccentric compression, the tensile stress of the reinforcement away from the side of the axial force is often smaller when the ultimate limit state is reached, and when the axial force NC is large and the eccentricity E0 is small, the reinforcement on the side away from the axial force may also be subjected to compressive stress. From the point of view of failure shape, small eccentric compressive failure is similar to the super-reinforced cross-section in flexural members.

According to Article 1 of the Code for Design of Concrete Structures (GB50010-2010), the calculation of the bearing capacity of eccentric compression members should meet the formula in the attached drawings.

Horizontally, it is 50 mm to the left.

Vertically, it is 100 mm downward.

Horizontal: width 300 mm, it should be 150 mm in the center, now it is 100 mm according to the axis, not 50 mm to the left.

The same is true for the vertical direction, the length is 400 mm, the center should be 200 mm, and now it is 100 mm according to the axis, which is not 100 mm downward.

Please remember to adopt it in time, thank you!

The foundation is not dry, and the next step of the construction process must not be carried out, that is, the sand and gravel cushion can be continued. The substrate should be allowed to dry before laying, and the drying time should be appropriately considered according to the actual situation of the site and the weather conditions at that time. If you force it to be laid, it will inevitably lead to rubber soil, which will cause unnecessary economic losses, and the supervisor will not agree to do so.

If the rubber soil has been formed on the site, the rubber soil can be dug up (it is best to use manual removal to prevent the disturbance of the subsoil), and the foundation treatment can be carried out here, which can be 2:8 ash soil or sand and gravel cushion.

Hope you help!

As long as there is no standing water, the laying can continue.

Cool for a few days in the continue to lay and keep the precipitation, because the mechanical laying will make the foundation creep on the surface, I hope it will help you

It is best to precipitate for a period of time before construction, and someone has answered before, it will cause soil disturbances and form spring soil, and you don't know the consequences. If the spring soil has really been formed, the soil layer has been disturbed, you can dig 10-20cm manually, and replace it with a sand and gravel cushion to ensure that it is in case.